Caffeine gum and cycling performance: A timing study

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 259-264

  Ryan, Edward J ^a,b   Kim, Chul Ho ^a   Fickes, Emily J ^a   Williamson, Megan ^a,b   Muller, Mathew D ^a   Barkley, Jacob E ^a   Gunstad, John ^a   Glickman, Ellen L ^a  

^a KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CHATHAM UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ergogenic aid; Exercise; Metabolism; Nutrition

Indexed keywords

CAFFEINE; PLACEBO;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BICYCLE; CHEWING GUM; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; EXERCISE TEST; HEMATOCRIT; HUMAN; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BICYCLING; CAFFEINE; CHEWING GUM; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; EXERCISE TEST; HEMATOCRIT; HUMANS; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PLACEBOS;

EID: 84874029251     PISSN: 10648011     EISSN: 15334295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541d03     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Avrameas, S. Amplification systems in immunoenzymatic techniques. J Immunol Methods 150: 23-32, 1992.
2. Bell, DG and McLellan, TM. Exercise endurance 1, 3, and 6 h after caffeine ingestion in caffeine users and nonusers. J Appl Physiol 93: 1227-1234, 2002.
3. Bell, DG and McLellan, TM. Effect of repeated caffeine ingestion on repeated exhaustive exercise endurance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35: 1348-1354, 2003.
4. Blanchard, J and Sawers, SJ. The absolute bioavailability of caffeine in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 24: 93-98, 1983.
5. Bonati, M, Latini, R, Galletti, F, Young, JF, Tognoni, G, and Garattini, S. Caffeine disposition after oral doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther 32: 98-106, 1982.
6. Borg, G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scand J Rehabil Med 2: 92-98, 1970.
7. Conway, KJ, Orr, R, and Stannard, SR. Effect of a divided caffeine dose on endurance cycling performance, postexercise urinary caffeine concentration, and plasma paraxanthine. J Appl Physiol 94: 1557-1562, 2003.
8. Cook, DB, O'Connor, PJ, Eubanks, SA, Smith, JC, and Lee, M. Naturally occurring muscle pain during exercise: Assessment and experimental evidence. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29: 999-1012, 1997.
9. Cox, GR, Desbrow, B, Montgomery, PG, Anderson, ME, Bruce, CR,Macrides, TA,Martin, DT,Moquin, A, Roberts, A, Hawley, JA, and Burke, LM. Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol 93: 990-999, 2002.
10. Curatolo, PW and Robertson, D. The health consequences of caffeine. Ann Intern Med 98: 641-653, 1983.
11. Demura, S, Yamada, T, and Terasawa, N. Effect of coffee ingestion on physiological responses and ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal endurance exercise. Percept Mot Skills 105: 1109-1116, 2007.
12. Denadai, BS and Denadai, ML. Effects of caffeine on time to exhaustion in exercise performed below and above the anaerobic threshold. Braz J Med Biol Res 31: 581-585, 1998.
13. Desbrow, B, Barrett, CM, Minahan, CL, Grant, GD, and Leveritt, MD. Caffeine, cycling performance, and exogenous CHO oxidation: A dose-response study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41: 1744-1751, 2009.
14. Dill, DB and Costill, DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J Appl Physiol 37: 247-248, 1974.
15. Doherty, M and Smith, PM. Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise testing: A meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 14: 626-646, 2004.
16. Doherty, M, Smith, P, Hughes, M, and Davison, R. Caffeine lowers perceptual response and increases power output during highintensity cycling. J Sports Sci 22: 637-643, 2004.
17. Eteng, MU, Eyong, EU, Akpanyung, EO, Agiang, MA, and Aremu, CY. Recent advances in caffeine and theobromine toxicities: A review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 51: 231-243, 1997.
18. Flinn, S, Gregory, J, McNaughton, LR, Tristram, S, and Davies, P. Caffeine ingestion prior to incremental cycling to exhaustion in recreational cyclists. Int J Sports Med 11: 188-193, 1990.
19. Foad, AJ, Beedie, CJ, and Coleman, DA. Pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine ingestion in 40-km cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40: 158-165, 2008.
20. Gliottoni, RC and Motl, RW. Effect of caffeine on leg-muscle pain during intense cycling exercise: Possible role of anxiety sensitivity. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 18: 103-115, 2008.
21. Graham, TE and Spriet, LL. Performance and metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 71: 2292-2298, 1991.
22. Hadjicharalambous, M, Georgiades, E, Kilduff, LP, Turner, AP, Tsofliou, F, and Pitsiladis, YP. Influence of caffeine on perception of effort, metabolism and exercise performance following a high-fat meal. J Sports Sci 24: 875-887, 2006.
23. Hunter, AM, St Clair Gibson, A, Collins, M, Lambert, M, and Noakes, TD. Caffeine ingestion does not alter performance during a 100-km cycling time-trial performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 12: 438-452, 2002.
24. Jackman, M, Wendling, P, Friars, D, and Graham, TE. Metabolic catecholamine, and endurance responses to caffeine during intense exercise. J Appl Physiol 81: 1658-1663, 1996.
25. Jenkins, NT, Trilk, JL, Singhal, A, O'Connor, PJ, and Cureton, KJ. Ergogenic effects of low doses of caffeine on cycling performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 18: 328-342, 2008.
26. Jeukendrup, A, Saris, WH, Brouns, F, and Kester, AD. A new validated endurance performance test. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28: 266-270, 1996.
27. Kamimori, GH, Karyekar, CS, Otterstetter, R, Cox, DS, Balkin, TJ, Belenky, GL, and Eddington, ND. The rate of absorption and relative bioavailability of caffeine administered in chewing gum versus capsules to normal healthy volunteers. Int J Pharm 234: 159-167, 2002.
28. Kamimori, GH, Lugo, SI, Penetar, DM, Chamberlain, AC, Brunhart, GE, Brunhart, AE, and Eddington, ND. Dose-dependent caffeine pharmacokinetics during severe sleep deprivation in humans. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 33: 182-186, 1995.
29. Kamimori, GH, Penetar, DM, Headley, DB, Thorne, DR, Otterstetter, R, and Belenky, G. Effect of three caffeine doses on plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 56: 537-544, 2000.
30. Kovacs, EM, Stegen, J, and Brouns, F. Effect of caffeinated drinks on substrate metabolism, caffeine excretion, and performance. J Appl Physiol 85: 709-715, 1998.
31. Laurent, D, Schneider, KE, Prusaczyk, WK, Franklin, C, Vogel, SM, Krssak, M, Petersen, KF, Goforth, HW, and Shulman, GI. Effects of caffeine on muscle glycogen utilization and the neuroendocrine axis during exercise. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 2170-2175, 2000.
32. McLean, C and Graham, TE. Effects of exercise and thermal stress on caffeine pharmacokinetics in men and eumenorrheic women. J Appl Physiol 93: 1471-1478, 2002.
33. McLellan, TM and Bell, DG. The impact of prior coffee consumption on the subsequent ergogenic effect of anhydrous caffeine. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 14: 698-708, 2004.
34. McNaughton, LR, Lovell, RJ, Siegler, J, Midgley, AW, Moore, L, and Bentley, DJ. The effects of caffeine ingestion on time trial cycling performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 3: 157-163, 2008.
35. Motl, RW, O'Connor, PJ, and Dishman, RK. Effect of caffeine on perceptions of leg muscle pain during moderate intensity cycling exercise. J Pain 4: 316-321, 2003.
36. Motl, RW, O'Connor, PJ, Tubandt, L, Puetz, T, and Ely, MR. Effect of caffeine on leg muscle pain during cycling exercise among females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38: 598-604, 2006.
37. Mumford, GK, Benowitz, NL, Evans, SM, Kaminski, BJ, Preston, KL, Sannerud, CA, Silverman, K, and Griffiths, RR. Absorption rate of methylxanthines following capsules, cola and chocolate. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 51: 319-325, 1996.
38. O'Connor, PJ, Motl, RW, Broglio, SP, and Ely, MR. Dosedependent effect of caffeine on reducing leg muscle pain during cycling exercise is unrelated to systolic blood pressure. Pain 109: 291-298, 2004.
39. Pasman, WJ, van Baak, MA, Jeukendrup, AE, and de Haan, A. The effect of different dosages of caffeine on endurance performance time. Int J Sports Med 16: 225-230, 1995.
40. Porstmann, Tand Kiessig, ST. Enzyme immunoassay techniques. An overview. J Immunol Methods 150: 5-21, 1992.
41. Richard, L, Leducq, B, Baty, C, and Jambou, J. [Plasma determination of 7 common drugs by high performance liquid chromatography]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 47: 79-84, 1989.
42. Seferin,W. The Pharmacological Effects of Therapuetics. New York, NY: MacMillan publishing company, 1996.
43. Syed, SA, Kamimori, GH, Kelly, W, and Eddington, ND. Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of caffeine administered in chewing gum to normal healthy volunteers. Biopharm Drug Dispos 26: 403-409, 2005.