Regional determinants of ICT new firm formation

Small Business Economics

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 671-686

  Lasch, Frank ^a   Robert, Frank ^a   Le Roy, Frédéric ^a,b  

^a MONTPELLIER BUSINESS SCHOOL   (France)

^b UNIV MONTPELLIER   (France)

Author keywords

Entrepreneurship; France; Geographical proximity; ICT sector; Local environment; New firm formation; Regional factors; SME

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873747013     PISSN: 0921898X     EISSN: 15730913     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11187-011-9382-z     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Acs, Z. J., Braunerhjelm, P., Audretsch, D. B., & Carlsson, B. (2009). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 32, 15-30.
2. Almus, M., Egeln, J., & Engel, D. (1999). Determinanten regionaler Unterschiede in der Gründungshäufigkeit wissensintensiver Dienstleister. Mannheim: Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW), Discussion Paper no. 99-22.
3. Alsleben, C. (2005). The downside of knowledge spillovers: An explanation for the dispersion of high-tech industries. Journal of Economics, 84(3), 217-248.
4. Anselin, L., Varga, A., & Acs, Z. (2000a). Geographical spillovers and university research: A spatial econometric perspective. Growth and Change, 31(Fall), 501-515.
5. Anselin, L., Varga, A., & Acs, Z. (2000b). Geographic and sectoral characteristics of academic knowledge externalities. Papers of Regional Science, 79(4), 435-443.
6. Aoyama, Y. (2009). Entrepreneurship and regional culture: The case of Hamamatsu and Kyoto, Japan. Regional Studies, 43(3), 495-512.
7. Armington, C., & Acs, Z. J. (2002). The determinants of regional variation in new firm formation. Regional Studies, 36(1), 33-45.
8. Arrow, K. (1962). Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for innovation. In R. Nelson (Ed.), The rate and direction of inventive activity (pp. 609-626). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
9. Audretsch, D. B. (1998). Agglomeration and the location of innovative activity. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 14(2), 18-29.
10. Audretsch, D. B., & Feldman, M. P. (1996). R&D Spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. American Economic Review, 86(3), 630-640.
11. Audretsch, D. B., & Fritsch, M. (1994). The geography of firm birth in Germany. Regional Studies, 28(4), 359-365.
12. Audretsch, D. B., Grilo, I., & Thurik R. (2011). Globalization, entrepreneurship and the region. In M. Fritsch (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited (forthcoming).
13. Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2004a). Does entrepreneurship capital matter? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(5), 419-429.
14. Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2004b). Entrepreneurship capital and economic performance. Regional Studies, 38(8), 949-959.
15. Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2005). Entrepreneurship capital and regional growth. The Annals of Regional Science, 39(3), 457-469.
16. Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (2007). The localization of entrepreneurship capital: Evidence from Germany. Papers in Regional Science, 86(3), 351-365.
17. Audretsch, D. B., Lehmann, E. E., & Warning, S. (2004). University spillovers: Does the kind of science matter? Industry and Innovation, 11(3), 193-205.
18. Audretsch, D. B., & Thurik, R. (2001). What is new about the new economy: Sources of growth in the managed and entrepreneurial economies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(1), 267-315.
19. Audretsch, D. B., & Thurik, R. (2004). A model of the entrepreneurial economy. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 2(2), 143-166.
20. Autant-Bernard, C. (2001). The geography of knowledge spillovers and technological proximity. Economy Innovation New Technology, 10, 237-254.
21. Autant-Bernard, C., Mangematin, V., & Massard, N. (2006). Creation of Biotech SMEs in France. Small Business Economics, 26(2), 173-187.
22. Bade, F.-J., & Nerlinger, E. (2000). The spatial distribution of new technology-based firms: Empirical results for West-Germany. Papers of Regional Science, 79, 155-176.
23. Bartik, T. J. (2001). Small business start-ups in the United States: Estimates of the effects of characteristics of states. Southern Economic Journal, 55(4), 1004-1018.
24. Becker, G. S. (1994). Human capital. A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. Chicago: National Bureau of Economic Research. University of Chicago Press.
25. Bellandi, M. (2001). Local development and embedded large firms. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 13, 189-210.
26. Bernard, C. (1995). Le système inter-administratif et SIRENE. Courrier des Statistiques, 75-76, 5-16.
27. Cairncross, F. (1997). The death of distance. London: Orion Business Books.
28. Carlsson, B., Acs, Z. J., Audretsch, D. B., & Braunerhjelm, P. (2009). Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: A historical review. Industrial and Corporate Change, 18(6), 1193-1229.
29. Carree, M. (2002). Does unemployment affect the number of establishments? A regional analysis for US states. Regional Studies, 36(4), 389-398.
30. Cases, C., Favre, F., & François, J. P. (1999). L'innovation technologique dans les services aux entreprises. Le 4 Pages des Statistiques Industrielles, 105, 1-4.
31. Costa Campi, M. T., Segarra Blasco, A., & Viladecans Marsal, E. (2004). The location of new firms and the life cycle of industries. Small Business Economics, 22(3-4), 265-281.
32. Coucelis, H. (2004). Pizza over the internet: e-commerce, the fragmentation of activity and the tyranny of the region. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16, 41-54.
33. Cross, M. (1981). New firm formation and regional development. Farnborough, Hants: Gower.
34. Engel, D., & Fier, A. (2000). Does R&D-infrastructure attract high-tech start-ups? Mannheim: Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW), Discussion Paper no. 00-30.
35. Evans, D. S., & Leighton, L. S. (1990). Small business formation by unemployed and employed workers. Small Business Economics, 2(4), 319-330.
36. Feldman, M. P. (2001). The entrepreneurial event revisited: Firm formation in a regional context. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 861-891.
37. Fischer, M. M., & Varga, A. (2003). Spatial knowledge spillovers and university research. Annals of Regional Science, 37, 303-322.
38. Florida, R., & Gates, G. (2001). Technology and tolerance: The importance of diversity to high-technology growth. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
39. Foti, A., & Vivarelli, M. (1994). An econometric test of the self-employment model: The case of Italy. Small Business Econonomics, 6(2), 81-93.
40. Frenkel, A. (2001). Why high-technology firms choose to locate in or near metropolitan areas. Urban Studies, 38(7), 1083-1101.
41. Freytag, A., & Thurik, R. (2007). Entrepreneurship and its determinants in a cross-country setting. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 17, 117-131.
42. Fritsch, M. (1992). Regional differences in new firm formation: Evidence from West Germany. Regional Studies, 26(3), 233-241.
43. Fritsch, M., & Niese, M. (2000). Der Einfluss der Branchenstruktur auf das Gründungsgeschehen - eine Analyse für die westdeutschen Raumordnungsregionen 1983-1997. Geographische Zeitschrift, 88, 234-250.
44. Fritsch, M., & Slavtchev, V. (2007). Universities and innovation in space. Industry and Innovation, 14(2), 201-218.
45. Gallié, E.-P. (2009). Is geographical proximity necessary for knowledge spillovers within a cooperative technological network? The case of the French biotechnology sector. Regional Studies, 43(1), 33-42.
46. Garcia-Cabrera, A. M., & Garcia-Soto, M. (2008). Cultural differences and entrepreneurial behaviour: An intra-country cross-cultural analysis in Cape Verde. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 20(5), 451-483.
47. Garnsey, E., & Heffernan, P. (2005). High-technology clustering through spin-out and attraction: The Cambridge Case. Regional Studies, 39(8), 1127-1144.
48. Garofoli, G. (1994). New firm formation and regional development: The Italian case. Regional Studies, 28(4), 381-393.
49. Georgellis, Y., & Wall, H. J. (2000). What makes a region entrepreneurial? Evidence from Britain. Annals of Regional Science, 34, 385-403.
50. Gerfin, H. (1964). Gesamtwirtschaftliches Wachstum und regionale Entwicklung. Kyklos Internationale Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaften, 17(4), 565-593.
51. Gertler, M. S. (2003). Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the undefinable tacitness of being (there). Journal of Economic Geography, 3, 75-99.
52. Gilbert, B. A., McDougall, P. P., & Audretsch, D. B. (2008). Clusters, knowledge spillovers and new venture performance: An empirical examination. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(4), 405-422.
53. Glaeser, E., Kallal, H., Scheinkman, J., & Shleifer, A. (1992). Growth of cities. Journal of Political Economy, 100(6), 1126-1152.
54. Gnyawali, D., & Fogel, D. (1994). Environments for entrepreneurship development: Key dimensions and research implications. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 18(4), 43-62.
55. Graham, S. (2001). Information technologies and reconfiguration of urban space. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(2), 405-410.
56. Guesnier, B. (1994). Regional variation in new firm formation in France. Regional Studies, 28, 347-358.
57. Heitzmann, R., & Rouquette, C. (1999). Les technologies de l'information et de la communication. INSEE Première, 648, 1-11.
58. Hinz, T., & Jungbauer-Gans, M. (1999). Starting a business after unemployment: Characteristics and chance of success (empirical evidence from a regional German labour market). Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 11, 317-333.
59. Huffmann, D., & Quigley, J. M. (2002). The role of universities in attracting high tech entrepreneurship: A Silicon Valley tale. Annals of Regional Science, 36, 403-419.
60. Isard, W. (1960). Methods of regional analysis: An introduction to regional science. Cambridge, MA: The M. I. T. Press.
61. Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. New York: Random House.
62. Jacobs, J. (1969). The economy of cities. New York: Random House.
63. Johanisson, B. (1998). Personal networks in emerging knowledge-based firms: spatial and functional patterns. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 10, 297-312.
64. Johnson, P. (2004). Differences in regional firm formation rates: A decomposition analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(5), 431-445.
65. Johnson, P. S., & Conway, C. (1997). How good are VAT registration data at measuring firm birth? Small Business Economics, 9(5), 403-409.
66. Johnson, P. S., & Parker, S. (1996). Spatial variations in the determinants and effects of firm births and deaths. Regional Studies, 30(7), 679-688.
67. Jones-Evans, D., & Thompson, P. (2009). The spatial dispersion of informal investment at a regional level: Evidence from the UK. European Planning Studies, 17(5), 660-675.
68. Kangasharju, A. (2000). Regional variations in firm formation: Panel and cross-section data evidence from Finland. Papers of Regional Science, 79, 355-373.
69. Keeble, D., & Walker, S. (1994). New firms, small firms and dead firms: Spatial patterns and determinants in the United Kingdom. Regional Studies, 28, 411-427.
70. Khan, J. H., & Ghani, J. A. (2004). Clusters and entrepreneurship: Implications for innovation in a developing economy. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 9(3), 221-238.
71. Kleinbaum, D. G., Lawrence, K. E., Muller, K. E., & Nizam, A. (1998). Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. New York: Duxbury.
72. Krugman, P. (1991a). History and industry location: The case of the manufacturing belt. American Economic Review, 81(2), 80-83.
73. Krugman, P. (1991b). Increasing returns and economic geography. Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483-499.
74. Krugman, P. (1998). Space: The final frontier. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(2), 161-174.
75. Lasch, F. (2003). Les technologies de l'information et de la communication en Languedoc-Roussillon. Des besoins spécifiques pour une filière jeune à forte intensité de création. INSEE Repères-Synthèse pour l'économie du Languedoc-Roussillon, 1, 1-24.
76. Lasch, F. (2005). Le secteur TIC en France: delimitation, localization et creation d'entreprises. Gestion 2000, 6(5), 221-245.
77. Lasch, F., Gundolf, K., & Kraus, S. (2007a). The impact of unemployment on entrepreneurship: Empirical evidence from France. International Journal of Business Research, 7(2), 1-8.
78. Lasch, F., Le Roy, F., & Yami, S. (2007b). Critical growth factors of ICT start-ups. Management Decision, 45(1), 62-75.
79. Le, A. T. (1999). Empirical studies of self-employment. Journal of Economic Surveys, 13(4), 381-416.
80. Lee, S. Y., Florida, R., & Gates G. (2002). Innovation, human capital, and creativity. Software Industry Working Paper, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh.
81. Lee, S. Y., Florida, R., & Acs, Z. (2004). Creativity and entrepreneurship: A regional analysis of new firm formation. Regional Studies, 38(8), 879-891.
82. Leitão, J., Lasch, F., & Thurik, R. (2011). Globalisation, entrepreneurship and regional environment. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 12(2), 129-138.
83. Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
84. Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of economics. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books (Reprint).
85. Meri, T. (2007). L'emploi régional dans les secteurs de la haute technologie. L'Ile-de-France en tête. Eurostat - Science et Technologie, Statistiques en Bref, 102, 1-8.
86. Meusburger, P. (2000). The spatial concentration of knowledge. Some theoretical considerations. Erdkunde, 54, 352-364.
87. Moriset, B. (2003). The new economy in the city: Emergence and location factors of internet-based companies in the metropolitan area of Lyon, France. Urban Studies, 40(11), 2165-2186.
88. Nijkamp, P. (2003). Entrepreneurship in a modern network economy. Regional Studies, 37(4), 395-405.
89. Nijkamp, P., & Poot, J. (1998). Spatial perspectives on new theories of economic growth. Annals of Regional Science, 32, 7-37.
90. O'Gorman, C., Bourke, S., & Murray, J. A. (2005). The nature of managerial work in small growth-orientated businesses. Small Business Economics, 25(1), 1-16.
91. Okamuro, H., & Kobayashi, N. (2006). The impact of regional factors on the start-up ratio in Japan. Journal of Small Business Management, 44(2), 310-322.
92. Onsager, K., Isaksen, A., Fraas, M., & Johnstad, T. (2007). Technologial cities in Norway: Innovating in glocal networks. European Planning Studies, 15(4), 549-566.
93. Porter, M. E. (1990). The comparative advantage of nations. New York: The Free Press.
94. Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, November/December, 77-90.
95. Porter, M. E., & Stern, S. (2001). Innovation: Location matters. MIT Sloan Management Review, 42, 28-36.
96. Reynolds, P., Miller, B., & Maki, W. R. (1995). Explaining regional variation in business births ans deaths: U. S. 1976-1988. Small Business Economics, 7(5), 386-407.
97. Reynolds, P., Storey, D. J., & Westhead, P. (1994). Cross-national comparisons of the variation in new firm formation rates. Regional Studies, 28(4), 443-456.
98. Robinson, M. J., & Cotrell, T. J. (2007). Investment patterns of informal investors in the Alberta private equity market. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(1), 47-67.
99. Romer, P. (1986). Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
100. Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
101. Rouquette, C. (1999). Les statistiques des TIC. Courrier des Statistiques, 89, 43-49.
102. Saxenian, A. (1999). Silicon Valley's new immigrant entrepreneurs. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California.
103. Schmude, J. (1994). Geförderte Unternehmensgründungen in Baden-Württemberg. Eine Analyse der regionalen Unterschiede des Existenzgründungsgeschehens am Beispiel des Eigenkapitalhilfe-Programms (1979-1989). Stuttgart: Erdkundliches Wissen.
104. Schmude, J., & Leiner, R. (1999). Zur Messung des Unternehmensgründungsgeschehens: theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Befunde. In L. v. Rosenstiel & T. Lang-von-Wins (Eds.), Existenzgründung und Unternehmertum (pp. 109-128). Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel.
105. Schwartz, R. G., & Teach, R. D. (2000). Entrepreneurship research: an empirical perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Spring, 77-81.
106. Scott, A. (2006). Entrepreneurship, innovation and industrial development: Geography and the creative field revisited. Small Business Economics, 26(1), 1-24.
107. Smallbone, D., Kitching, J., & Athayade, R. (2010). Ethnic diversity, entrepreneurship and competitiveness in a global city. International Small Business Journal, 28(2), 174-190.
108. Souter, D. (2004). ICTs and economic growth in developing countries. OECD Development Co-operation Directorate - The Development Assistance Committee Journal, 5(4), 11-40.
109. Storey, D. J. (1991). The birth of new firms-does unemployment matter: A review of evidence. Small Business Economics, 3, 167-178.
110. Storper, M., & Venables, A. J. (2004). Buzz: face to face contact and the urban economy. Journal of Economic Geography, 4, 351-370.
111. Suire, R. (2003). Stratégies de localisation des firmes du secteur TIC: du cyber district au district lisière. Géographie Economie Société, 5(3-4), 379-398.
112. Thurik, A. R., Carree, M. A., van Stel, A., & Audretsch, D. B. (2008). Does self-employment reduce unemployment? Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 673-686.
113. Tödling, F., & Wanzenböck, H. (2003). Regional differences in structural characteristics of start-ups. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 15, 351-370.
114. Torre, A. (2008). On the role played by temporary geographical proximity in knowledge transmission. Regional Studies, 42(6), 869-889.
115. van der Panne, G. (2004). Agglomeration externalities: Marshall versus Jacobs. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 14, 593-604.
116. Varamäki, E., & Veslainen, J. (2003). Modelling different types of multi-lateral co-operation between SMEs. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 15, 27-47.
117. Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D. B., & Thurik, R. (2002). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship: Policies, institutions and culture. In D. B. Audretsch, R. Thurik, I. Verheul, & S. Wennekers (Eds.), Entrepreneurship: Determinants and policy in a European-US comparison (pp. 11-81). Boston, MA: Kluwer.
118. Vicente, J., & Suire, R. (2007). Informational cascades versus network externalities in locational choice: Evidence of 'ICT clusters' formation and stability. Regional Studies, 41(2), 173-184.
119. Wennekers, S., & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth. Small Business Economics, 13(1), 27-55.
120. Westhead, P., & Wright, M. (1999). Contributions of novice, portfolio and serial founders located in rural and urban areas. Regional Studies, 33, 157-173.
121. Weterings, A., & Ponds, R. (2009). Do regional and non-regional knowledge flows differ? An empirical study on clustered firms in the Dutch life sciences and computing services industry. Industry and Innovation, 16(1), 11-31.