Is there enough evidence for aspirin in high-risk groups?

Current Colorectal Cancer Reports

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 9-16

  Elwood, Peter C ^a   Almonte, Maribel ^a   Mustafa, Mohammed ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Aspirin; Aspirin risks; Bleeding; Blood pressure; Cancer; Cancer prevention; Cancer treatment; Colorectal cancer screening; Haemorrhagic stroke; Public health; Vascular disease; Vascular disease prevention

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

ADD ON THERAPY; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ANTICOAGULATION; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; COLONOSCOPY; COLORECTAL CANCER; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEREDITARY NONPOLYPOSIS COLORECTAL CANCER; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG CANCER; OPTIMAL DRUG DOSE; PATIENT RIGHT; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; RESPONSIBILITY; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; VASCULAR DISEASE;

EID: 84873728744     PISSN: 15563790     EISSN: 15563804     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11888-012-0149-y     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Ahmedin Jemal A, Ward E, Hao Y, Thun M. Trends in the leading causes of death in the United States, 1970-2002. J Am Med Ass. 2005;294(10):1255-9.
2. •• Arber N. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in colorectal cancer prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(8):1852-7. Gives an excellent account of the biological mechanisms involved.
3. Duncan RE, El-Sohemy A, Archer MC. Statins and cancer. Epidemiology. 2007;18(4):520.
4. Vinogradova Y, Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Logan RF. Risk of colorectal cancer in patients prescribed statins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: nested case-control study. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(2):393-402.
5. Dale KM, Coleman CI, Henyan NH, KLluger J, White M. Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Am Med Ass. 2006;295(1):74-80.
6. McKee RR. Choosing health? First choose your philosophy. Lancet. 2005;365(9457):369-71.
7. Lenaghan J, New B, Mitchell E. Setting priorities: is there a role for Citizens' juries? Brit Med J. 1006;312(7046):1591-3.
8. • Elwood PC, Longley M. My health - whose responsibility: a jury decides. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;64(9):761-4. An attempt to obtain informed opinions from representative members of the general public.
9. Coulter A, Entwistle, Gilbert D. Sharing decisions with patients: is the information good enough? Brit Med J. 1999;318(7179):318.
10. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Sandercock P, et al. Aspirin and other antiplatelet agents in the secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 1989;80(4):749-56.
11. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collective meta-analysis of randomised trial of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in high risk patients. Brit Med J. 2002;324(7329):71-86.
12. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R, et al. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2009;373(9678):1849- 60.
13. Raju NMC, Magdalana Sobieraj-Teague MBBS, et al. Effect of aspirin on mortality in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Am J Med. 2011;124(7):621-9.
14. Kurth T. Aspirin and cancer prevention. Brit Med J. 2012;344:e2480.
15. Chan AT, Cook NR. Are we ready to recommend aspirin for cancer prevention? Lancet. 2012;379(9826):1569-71.
16. Rothwell PM, Fowkes FGR, Belch JFF, et al. Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2011;377(9759):31-41.
17. Kent DM, Shah ND. Personalising evidence-based primary prevention with aspirin: individualised risks and patient preference. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2011;4(3):260-2.
18. Bosetti C, Gallus S, La Vecchia C. Aspirin and cancer risk: an update to 2001. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002;11(6):535-42.
19. Elwood PC, Gallacher AM, Duthie GG, et al. Aspirin, salicylates and cancer. Lancet. 2009;373(9671):1301-9.
20. Avivi D, Moshkowitz M, Detering E, Arber N. The role of low-dose aspirin in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2012;16 Suppl 1:551-62.
21. Algra AM, Rothwell PM. Effects of regular aspirin on long-term cancer incidence and metastasis: a systematic comparison of evidence from observational studies versus randomised trials. Lancet. 2012;13(5):518-27.
22. •• Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Elwin C-E, et al. Long-term effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: 20-year follow-up of five randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376(9754):741-50. The first of a series of long-term follow-up studies of randomised trials to test aspirin prophylaxis in cancer.
23. Rothwell PM, Price JF, Fowkes FGR, et al. Short-term effects of daily aspirin on cancer incidence, mortality and non-vascular death: analysis of the time course of risks and benefits in 51 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012;379(9826):1602-12.
24. Rothwell PM, Wilson M, Price JF, et al. Effect of daily aspirin on risk of cancer metastasis: a study of incident cancers during randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2012;379(9826):1591-601.
25. •• Burn J, Gerdes A-M, Macrae F, et al. Long-term effect of aspirin on cancer in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;377(9809):2081-7. An ad-hoc randomised trial of aspirin in the prevention of cancer for patients at very high risk of colorectal cancer.
26. Mills EJ, Wu P, Alberton M, et al. Low-dose aspirin and cancer mortality: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Am J Med. 2012;125:560-7.
27. Jacobs EJ, Newton CC, Gaostur SM, et al. Daily aspirin use and cancer mortality in a large US cohort. J Nat Cancer Inst. 2012;104(16):1208-17.
28. • Gasic GJ, Gasic TB, Murphy S. Anti-metastatic effect of aspirin. Lancet. 1972;300(7783):932-33. One of the earliest reports which gave evidence on aspirin and cancer.
29. Chan AT, Ogino S, Fuchs CS. Aspirin use and survival after diagnosis of colorectal cancer. J Am Med Ass. 2009;302(6):649-59.
30. Holmes MD, Chen WY, Li L, Hertzmark E, Spiegleman D, Hankinson SE. Aspirin intake and survival after breast cancer. J Clin Oncology. 2010;28(9):1467-72.
31. Liu J-F, Jamieson GG, Wu T-C, Zhu G-J, Drew PA. A preliminary study on the postoperative survival of patients given aspirin after resection for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus or adenocarcinoma of the cardia. Ann Surg Oncology. 2009;16(5):1397-402.
32. Fontaine E, McShane J, Page R, et al. Aspirin and non-small cell lung cancer resections: effect on long-term survival. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;38(1):21-6.
33. Liao X, Lochhead P, Nishihara R, et al. Aspirin use, tumor PIK3CA mutation and colorectal-cancer survival. New Rng J Med. 2012;367(17):1596-606.
34. Griffin MR, Ray WA, Schaffner W. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and death from peptic ulcer in elderly persons. Ann Int Med. 1988;109(5):359-63.
35. Tramer MR, Moore RA, Reynolds DJM, McQuay HJ. Quantitative estimation of rare adverse events which follow a biological progression: a new model applied to chronic NSAID use. Pain. 2000;85:169-82.
36. Patrono C, Garcia Rodriguez LA, Landolfi R, et al. Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of atherosclerosis. N Eng J Med. 2005;353(22):2373-83.
37. McQuaid KR, Laine L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events of low-dose aspirin and clopidogrel in randomised controlled trials. Am J Med. 2006;119(8):624-38. A thorough evaluation of the GI bleeding risks of aspirin.
38. de Berardis G, Lucisane G, D'ettorre A, et al. Association of aspirin use with major bleeding in patients with and without diabetes. J Am Med Ass. 2012;307(21):2786-94.
39. Morgan G. Aspirin for the primary prevention of vascular events? Public Health. 2009;123(12):787-8.
40. Lanas A, Perez-Aisa MA, Feu F, et al. A nationwide study of mortality associated with hospital admission due to severe GI events and those associated with NSAID use. Am J Gastroenterology. 2005;100(8):1685-93.
41. Abraham NS. National mortality following upper gastrointestinal or cardiovascular events in older veterans with recent NSAID drug use. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(1):97-106.
42. Garcia Rodriguez LA, Hermandez S, de Abajo J. Association between aspirin and upper gastrointestinal complications: systematic review of epidemiologic studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001;52(5):563-71.
43. •• Biondi-Zoccail GGL, Loyrionte M, Agostoni P, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the hazards of discontinuing or not adhering to aspirin among 50,279 patients at risk for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(22):2667-74. An overview of rebound in vascular risk after aspirin is withdrawn.
44. •• Sung JJ, Ching JY, Wu LC, et al. Continuation of low-dose aspirin therapy in peptic ulcer bleeding: a randomised trial. Ann Int Med. 2010;152(1):1-9. A courageous test of recommencing aspirin by subjects who had had GI bleeding.
45. Gorlick PB, Weisman SM. Risk of haemorrhagic stroke with aspirin use: an update. Stroke. 2005;36(8):1801-7.
46. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) trial. HOT study group. Lancet. 1998;351(9118):1755-62.
47. Lip GYH, Felmeden DC, Dwivedi G. Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(12):CD003186.
48. Joint British Societies' Guidelines on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Clinical Practice. Heart. 2005;91(Suppl 5):v1-52.
49. O'Brien JR. Effect of salicylates on human platelets. Lancet. 1968;1(7557):1431.
50. Sostres C, Lanas A. Gastrointestinal effects of aspirin. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;8(7):385-94.
51. Belch J, MacCuish A, Campbell I, et al. The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. BMJ. 2008;337:a1840.
52. EDTRS Investigators. Aspirin effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Am Med Assoc. 1992;268(10):1292-300.
53. Rocca B, Santilli F, Pitocco D, et al. The recovery of platelet cyclooxygenase activity explains interindividual variability in responsiveness to low-dose aspirin in patients with and without diabetes. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10(7):1220-30.
54. Chan AT, Manson JE, Feskanich D, et al. Long-term aspirin use and mortality in women. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(6):562-72.
55. Herderschee D, Hijdra A, Algra A, et al. Silent stroke in patients with transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke. The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. Stroke. 1992;23(9):1220-4.
56. Ebrahim S, Casas JP. Statins for all by the age of 50 years? Lancet. 2012;380(9841):545-7.
57. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan 3rd A, et al. High dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischaemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(6):549-59.
58. Atkin WS, Edwards R, Ines K-H, et al. Once only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375(9726):1624-33.
59. •• Logan RFA, Patnick J, Nickerson C et al. Outcomes of the bowel cancer screening programme (BCSP) in England after the first 1 million tests. Gut 2012 Oct 8. A critical evaluation of the risks, the benefits, and the incidental findings in colorectal screening.
60. Liberman D. Progress and challenges in colorectal cancer screening and surveillance. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(6):2115-26.
61. Sing H, Penfold RB, de Coster C, et al. Colonoscopy and its complications across a Canadian regional health authority. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(3Pt2):665-71.
62. Warren JL, Klabunde CN, Mariotto AB, et al. Adverse effects after outpatient colonoscopy in the Medicare population. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(12):849-57. W152.
63. Rutter CM, Johnson E, Miglioretti DL, et al. Adverse events after screening and follow-up colonoscopy. Cancer Causes Control. 2012;23(2):289-96.
64. Hassan C, Rex DK, Cooper GS, et al. Primary prevention of colorectal cancer with low-dose aspirin in combination with endoscopy: a cost-effective analysis. Gut. 2012;61(8):1172-9.
65. Brenner H, Tao S, Haug U. Low-dose aspirin use and performance of immunochemical fecal occult blood tests. J Am Med Ass. 2010;304(22):2513-20.
66. Yuhara H, Steinmaus C, Cohen SE, et al. Is diabetes mellitus an independent risk factor for colon cancer and rectal cancer? Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(11):1911-21.
67. Elwood P, Morgan G, Brown G, Pickering J. Aspirin for everyone over 50? Brit Med J. 2005;330975050:1440-1.
68. Vandvick PO, Lincoff M, Gore JM, et al. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e637S-685.
69. Baigent C. Aspirin for all over 50? Against. Brit Med J. 2005;330(7505):1442-3.
70. Galiatsatos P, Foulkes WD. Familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Gastrenterol. 2006;101(2):385-98.
71. Frazier AL, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS, et al. Cost effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer in the general population. J Am Med Ass. 2000;284(15):1954-61.
72. Williams AR, Balasooriya BA, Day DW. Polyps and cancer of the large bowel: a necropsy study in Liverpool. Gut. 1982;23(10):835-42.
73. Driver JA, Gazino JM, Gelber RP, et al. Development of a risk score for colorectal cancer in men. Am J Med. 2007;120(3):257-63.
74. Yeoh K-G, Ho Y-Y, Chiu H-M, et al. The Asia-Pacific colorectal screening score: a validated tool that stratifies risk for colorectal advanced neoplasi in asymptomatic Asian subjects. Gut. 2011;60(9):1236-41.
75. Hennekens CH, Baigent C. Aspirin in primary prevention - good news and bad news. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2012;58(1):303-4.
76. Elwood PC, White J, Fone D, et al. Aspirin taking in the community: a cross-sectional survey. Brit J Cardiol. 2012;18(5/6):238-0.
77. Ajani UA, Ford ES, Greenland KJ. Aspirin use among US adults: behavioural risk factor surveillance system. Am J Prev Med. 2006;30(1):74-7.
78. Blatt DL, Scheiman J, Abraham NS, et al. ACCF/ACG/AHA 2008 Expert Consensus Document on reducing the gastrointestinal risks of antiplatelet therapy and NSAID use. Circulation. 2008;118(18):1894-909.