Use of Nonfatal Force on and by Persons With Apparent Mental Disorder in Encounters With Police

Criminal Justice and Behavior

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 321-337

  Kesic, Dragana ^a   Thomas, Stuart D M ^a   Ogloff, James R P ^a  

^a VICTORIAN INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC MENTAL HEALTH   (Australia)

Author keywords

police; symptoms of mental disorder; use of force

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873670650     PISSN: 00938548     EISSN: 15523594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0093854812474425     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Adang O. M. J.,Kaminski R. J.,Howell M. Q.,Mensink J.Assessing the performance of pepper spray in use-of-force encounters: The Dutch experience.Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management. 2006;29:282-305.
2. Appelbaum K. L.Police encounters with persons with mental illness: Introduction.Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 2000;28:325.
3. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Australian demographic statistics (cat. no. 3101.0). Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0/.
4. Baksheev G. N.,Thomas S. D. M.,Ogloff J. R. P.Psychiatric disorders and unmet needs in Australian police cells.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2010;44:1043-1051.
5. Brouwer G. E.Review of fatal shootings by Victoria Police. Melbourne: Office of Police Integrity; 2005:.
6. Compton M. T.,Broussard B.,Hankerson-Dyson D.,Krishan S.,Stewart T.,Oliva J. R.,Watson A. C.System- and policy-level challenges to full implementation of the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model.Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations. 2010;10:72-85.
7. Crawford C.,Burns R.Predictors of the police use of force: The application of a continuum perspective in Phoenix.Police Quarterly. 1998;1:41-63.
8. Deane M. W.,Steadman H. J.,Borum R.,Veysey B. M.,Morrissey J. P.Emerging partnerships between mental health and law enforcement.Psychiatric Services. 1999;50:99-101.
9. Dror I. E.Perception of risk and the decision to use force.Policing. 2007;1:265-272.
10. Dunpont R.,Cochran S.Police response to mental health emergencies-Barriers to change.Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 2000;28:338-344.
11. Durose M. R.,Smith E. L.,Langan P. A.Contacts between police and the public, 2005. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2007:.
12. Engel R. S.,Silver E.Policing mentally disordered suspects: A reexamination of the criminalization hypothesis.Criminology. 2001;39:225-252.
13. Engel R. S.,Sobol J. J.,Worden R. E.Further exploration of the demenor hypothesis: The interaction effects of suspects' characteristics and demeanor on police behavior.Justice Quarterly. 2000;17:235-258.
14. Fazel S.,Danesh J.Serious mental disorder in 23000 prisoners: A systematic review of 62 surveys.Lancet. 2002;359:545-550.
15. Fazel S.,Gulati G.,Linsell L.,Geddes J. R.,Grann M.Schizophrenia and violence: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000120.
16. Fry A. J.,O'Riordan D. P.,Geanellos R.Social control agents or front-line carers for people with mental health problems: Police and mental health services in Sydney, Australia.Health & Social Care in the Community. 2002;10:277-286.
17. Fyfe J. J.Policing the emotionally disturbed.Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 2000;28:345-347.
18. Garner J. H.,Maxwell C. D.Understanding the prevalence and severity of force used by and against the police: Executive summary. Rockville, MD: National Criminal Justice Reference Service; 2002:.
19. Garner J. H.,Maxwell C. D.,Heraux C. G.Characteristics associated with the prevalence and severity of force used by the police.Justice Quarterly. 2002;19:705-746.
20. Garner J. H.,Schade T.,Hepburn J.,Buchanan J.Measuring the continuum of force used by and against the police.Criminal Justice Review. 1995;20:146-168.
21. Godfredson J. W.,Thomas S. D.,Ogloff J. R. P.,Luebbers S.Police perceptions of their encounters with individuals experiencing mental illnesses: A Victorian Survey. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 2011;44:180-195.
22. Hartford K.,Heslop L.,Stitt L.,Hoch J. S.Design of an algorithm to identify persons with mental illness in a police administrative database.International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 2005;28:1-11.
23. Hickman M. J.,Piquero A. R.,Garner J. H.Toward a national estimate of police use of nonlethal force.Criminology and Public Policy. 2008;7:563-604.
24. Holmes S. T.,Reynolds K. M.,Holmes R. M.,Faulkner S.Individual and situational determinants of police force: An examination of threat presentation.American Journal of Criminal Justice. 1998;23:83-106.
25. Police use of force in America 2001. Alexandria, VA: Author; 2001:.
26. Johnson R. R.Suspect mental disorder and police use of force.Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2011;38:127-145.
27. Kaminski R. J.,DiGiovanni C.,Downs R.The use of force between the police and persons with impaired judgment.Police Quarterly. 2004;7:311-338.
28. Kaminski R. J.,Edwards S. M.,Johnson J. W.Assessing the incapacitative effects of pepper spray during resistive encounters with the police.Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management. 1999;22 (1): 7-29.
29. Kerr A. N.,Morabito M.,Watson A. C.Police encounters, mental illness, and injury: An exploratory investigation.Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations. 2010;10:116-132.
30. Kesic D.,Ducat L.,Thomas S. D. M.Using force: Australian newspaper depictions of contacts between the police and people experiencing mental illness.Australian Psychologist. 2012;47:213-223.
31. Kesic D.,Thomas S. D. M.,Ogloff J. R. P.Mental illness among police fatalities in Victoria 1982-2007: Case linkage study.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2010;44:463-468.
32. Kesic D.,Thomas S. D. M.,Ogloff J. R. P.Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2012;:.
33. Klinger D. A.Social theory and the street cop: The case of deadly force.Police Foundation. 2005;7:1-15.
34. Lamb H. R.,Weinberger L. E.,DeCuir W. J.The police and mental health.Psychiatric Services. 2002;53:1266-1271.
35. Lawton B. A.Levels of nonlethal force: An examination of individual, situational and contextual factors.Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 2007;44:163-184.
36. The Gazette. 2010;5:8.
37. Morabito M. S.,Kerr A. N.,Watson A.,Draine J.,Ottati V.,Angell B.Crisis Intervention Team and people with mental illness: Exploring the factors that influence the use of force.Crime and Delinquency. 2010;20:1-21.
38. Novak K. J.,Engel R. S.Disentangling the influence of suspects' demeanor and mental disorder on arrest.Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management. 2005;28:493-512.
39. Ogloff J. R. P.,Davis M. R.,Rivers G.,Ross S.The identification of mental disorders in the criminal justice system.Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice. 2006;334:1-6.
40. Ogloff J. R. P.,Warren L.,Tye C.,Blaher F.,Thomas S.Psychiatric symptoms and histories among people detained in police cells.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2010;46:871-880.
41. Pearson D. D. R.Victorian Auditor General's report: Responding to mental health crises in the community. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer; 2009:.
42. Pinfold V.,Huxley P.,Thornicroft G.,Farmer P.,Toulmin H.,Graham T.Reducing psychiatric stigma and discrimination: Evaluating an educational intervention with the police force in England.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2003;38:337-344.
43. Ruiz J.,Miller C.An exploratory study of Pennsylvania police officers' perceptions of dangerousness and their ability to manage persons with mental illness.Police Quarterly. 2004;7:359-371.
44. State Government of Victoria. (2010). Facts about Victoria. Retrieved from http://www.liveinvictoria.vic.gov.au/living-in-victoria/about-victoria/facts-about-victoria.
45. Strong M.Reveiw of the use of force by and against Victorian police. Melbourne: Office of Police Integrity; 2009:.
46. Terrill W.Police use of force and suspect resistance: The micro process of the police-suspect encounter.Police Quarterly. 2003;6:51-83.
47. Terrill W.Police use of force: A transactional approach.Justice Quarterly. 2005;22:107-138.
48. Terrill W.,Alpert G. P.,Dunham R. G.,Smith M. R.A management tool for evaluating police use of force: An application of the force factor.Police Quarterly. 2003;6:150-171.
49. Terrill W.,Mastrofski S. D.Situational and officer-based determinants of police coercion.Justice Quarterly. 2002;19:215-248.
50. Terrill W.,Reisig M. D.Neighborhood context and police use of force.Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 2003;40:291-321.
51. Tuckey M.National guidelines for incident management, conflict resolution and use of force: 2004. Payneham, Australia: Australasian Centre for Policing Research; 2004:.
52. United Nations. (1979). Code of conduct for law enforcement officials. Retrieved from http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/codeofconduct.pdf.
53. Project Beacon: A synopsis. Melbourne: Author; 1996:.
54. Operational safety: 101-4 Use of force. Melbourne: Author; 2004:.
55. Victoria Police annual report 2008/2009. Melbourne: Author; 2009:.
56. Victoria Police crime statistics 2009/10. Melbourne: Author; 2010:.
57. Wallace C.,Mullen P.,Burgess P.,Palmer S.,Ruschena D.,Browne C.Serious criminal offending and mental disorder: Case linkage study.British Journal of Psychiatry. 1998;172:477-484.