Screening of stimulants including designer drugs in urine using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry system

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 64-73

  O'Byrne, Paul M ^a   Kavanagh, Pierce V ^a   Mcnamara, Sinead M ^a   Stokes, Siobhan M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4' METHYLMETHCATHINONE; CATHINONE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; COCAINE; DESIGNER DRUG;

ARTICLE; DRUG DETERMINATION; DRUG URINE LEVEL; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IRELAND; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTIPLE DRUG ABUSE; SIGNAL NOISE RATIO; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; URINALYSIS; URINE;

CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; COCAINE; DESIGNER DRUGS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METHAMPHETAMINE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; STREET DRUGS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY;

EID: 84873643653     PISSN: 01464760     EISSN: 19452403     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jat/bks091     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Mcnamara, S. (2009) 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) abuse amongst attendees of the Drug Treatment Centre Board. Irish Medical Journal, 102, 191. http://www.drugsandalcohol.ie/12236/
2. Mcnamara, S., Stokes, S., Coleman, N. (2010) Head shop compound abuse amongst attendees of the Drug Treatment Centre Board. Irish Medical Journal, 103, 134, 136-137.
3. Bell, C., George, C., Kicman, A.T., Traynor, A. (2011) Development of a rapid LC-MS/MS method for direct urinalysis of designer drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis, 3, 496-504.
4. Antia, U., Tingle, M.D., Russell, B.R. (2010) Validation of an LC-MS method for the detection and quantification of BZP and TFMPP and their hydroxylated metabolites in human plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetic study of TFMPP in humans. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 55, 1311-1318.
5. Wissenbach, D.K., Meyer, M.R., Remane, D., Philipp, A.A., Weber, A.A., Maurer, H.H. (2011) Drugs of abuse screening in urine as part of a metabolite-based LC-MSn screening concept. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 400, 3481-3489.
6. Lin, J.C., Jan, R.K., Kydd, R.R., Russell, B.R. (2011) Subjective effects in humans following administration of party pill drugs BZP and TFMPP alone and in combination. Drug Testing and Analysis, 9, 582-585.
7. Lin, J.C., Jan, R.K., Lee, H., Jensen, M.A., Kydd, R.R., Russell, B.R. (2011) Determining the subjective and physiological effects of BZP combined with TFMPP in human males. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 214, 761-768.
8. Schep, L.J., Slaughter, R.J., Vale, J.A., Beasley, D.M., Gee, P. (2011) The clinical toxicology of the designer "party pills" benzylpiperazine and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine. Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia), 49, 131-141.
9. Baron, J.M., Griggs, D.A., Nixon, A.L., Long, W.H., Flood, J.G. (2011) The trazodone metabolite meta-chlorophenylpiperazine can cause false-positive urine amphetamine immunoassay results. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 35, 364-368.
10. Toennes, S.W., Kauert, G.F. (2002) Excretion and detection of cathinone, cathine, and phenylpropanolamine in urine after kath chewing. Clinical Chemistry, 48, 1715-1719.
11. Kavanagh, P., O'brien, J., Fox, J., O'donnell, C., Christie, R., Power, J.D., Mcdermott, S.D. (2012) The analysis of substituted cathinones. Part 3. Synthesis and characterisation of 2,3-methylenedioxy substituted cathinones. Forensic Science International, 216, 19-28.
12. Mcdermott, S.D., Power, J.D., Kavanagh, P., O'brien, J. (2011) The analysis of substituted cathinones. Part 2: An investigation into the phenylacetone based isomers of 4-methylmethcathinone and N-ethylcathinone. Forensic Science International, 212, 13-21.
13. Power, J.D., Mcglynn, P., Clarke, K., Mcdermott, S.D., Kavanagh, P., O'brien, J. (2011) The analysis of substituted cathinones. Part 1: Chemical analysis of 2-, 3- and 4-methylmethcathinone. Forensic Science International, 212, 6-12.
14. Brunt, T.M., Poortman, A., Niesink, R.J., Van Den Brink, W. (2011) Instability of the ecstasy market and a new kid on the block: Mephedrone. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25, 1543-1547.
15. James, D., Adams, R.D., Spears, R., Cooper, G., Lupton, D.J., Thompson, J.P. et al. (2011) Clinical characteristics of mephedrone toxicity reported to the U.K. National Poisons Information Service. Emergency Medicine Journal, 28, 686-689.
16. Dickson, A.J., Vorce, S.P., Levine, B., Past, M.R. (2010) Multiple-drug toxicity caused by the coadministration of 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) and heroin. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 34, 162-168.
17. Lusthof, K.J., Oosting, R., Maes, A., Verschraagen, M., Dijkhuizen, A., Sprong, A.G. (2011) A case of extreme agitation and death after the use of mephedrone in The Netherlands. Forensic Science International, 206, e93-95.
18. Maskell, P.D., De Paoli, G., Seneviratne, C., Pounder, D.J. (2011) Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone)-related deaths. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 35, 188-191.
19. Wood, D.M., Greene, S.L., Dargan, P.I. (2011) Clinical pattern of toxicity associated with the novel synthetic cathinone mephedrone. Emergency Medicine Journal, 28, 280-282.
20. Meyer, M.R., Wilhelm, J., Peters, F.T., Maurer, H.H. (2010) Betaketo amphetamines: studies on the metabolism of the designer drug mephedrone and toxicological detection of mephedrone, butylone, and methylone in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 397, 1225-1233.
21. Dargan, P.I., Sedefov, R., Gallegos, A., Wood, D.M. (2011) The pharmacology and toxicology of the synthetic cathinone mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone). Drug Testing and Analysis, 3, 454-463.
22. Hadlock, G.C., Webb, K.M., Mcfadden, L.M., Chu, P.W., Ellis, J.D., Allen, S.C. et al. (2011) 4-Methylmethcathinone(mephedrone): Neuropharmacological effects of a designer stimulant of abuse. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 339, 530-536.
23. Bechara, E.J., Dutra, F., Cardoso, V.E., Sartori, A., Olympio, K.P., Penatti, C.A. et al. (2007) The dual face of endogenous alphaaminoketones: Pro-oxidizing metabolic weapons. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 146, 88-110.
24. O'Byrne, P.M., Williams, R., Walsh, J.J., Gilmer, J.F. (2010) The aqueous stability of bupropion. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 53, 376-381.
25. Kalapos, M.P. (1999) Methylglyoxal in living organisms: chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology and biological implications. Toxicology Letters, 110, 145-175.
26. Hyatt, J.L., Stacy, V., Wadkins, R.M., Yoon, K.J., Wierdl, M., Edwards, C.C. et al. (2005) Inhibition of carboxylesterases by benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione) and heterocyclic analogues is dependent upon the aromaticity of the ring and the flexibility of the dione moiety. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 48, 5543-5550.
27. Tanaka, T., Kawase, M., Tani, S. (2004) Alpha-hydroxyketones as inhibitors of urease. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, 12, 501-505.
28. Brandt, S.D., Freeman, S., Sumnall, H.R., Measham, F., Cole, J. (2010) Analysis of NRG 'legal highs' in the UK: Identification and formation of novel cathinones. Drug Testing and Analysis, 9, 569-575.
29. Westphal, F., Junge, T., Klein, B., Fritschi, G., Girreser, U. (2011) Spectroscopic characterization of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrrolidino butyrophenone: A new designer drug with alpha-pyrrolidinophenone structure. Forensic Science International, 209, 126-132.
30. Maurer, H.H., Kraemer, T., Springer, D., Staack, R.F. (2004) Chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and hepatic metabolism of designer drugs of the amphetamine (ecstasy), piperazine, and pyrrolidinophenone types: A synopsis. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 26, 127-13131.
31. Staack, R.F., Maurer, H.H. (2005) Metabolism of designer drugs of abuse. Current Drug Metabolism, 6, 259-274.
32. Johnstone, A.C., Lea, R.A., Brennan, K.A., Schenk, S., Kennedy, M.A., Fitzmaurice, P.S. (2007) Benzylpiperazine: A drug of abuse? Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21, 888-894.
33. Logan, B.K., Costantino, A.G., Rieders, E.F., Sanders, D. (2010) Trazodone, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (an hallucinogenic drug and trazodone metabolite), and the hallucinogen trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine cross-react with the EMIT(R)II ecstasy immunoassay in urine. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 34, 587-589.
34. Brandt, S.D., Sumnall, H.R., Measham, F., Cole, J. (2010) Analyses of second-generation 'legal highs' in the UK: Initial findings. Drug Testing and Analysis, 2, 377-382.