A Novel Markov Model Projecting Costs and Outcomes of Providing Antiretroviral Therapy to Public Patients in Private Practices versus Public Clinics in South Africa

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2013, Pages

  Leisegang, Rory ^a   Maartens, Gary ^a   Hislop, Michael ^b   Sargent, John ^c   Darkoh, Ernest ^c   Cleary, Susan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b Aid for AIDS   (South Africa)

^c BroadReach Healthcare   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; ZIDOVUDINE; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CARE; PRIVATE HOSPITAL; PROBABILITY; PUBLIC HOSPITAL; SOUTH AFRICA; SURVIVAL RATE; VIRUS LOAD; COHORT ANALYSIS; ECONOMICS; FOLLOW UP; HIV INFECTIONS; IMMUNOLOGY; PRIVATE PRACTICE; PROCEDURES; PUBLIC HEALTH; STATISTICAL MODEL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIROLOGY;

ADULT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIGENS, CD4; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MARKOV CHAINS; MODELS, ECONOMIC; PRIVATE PRACTICE; PUBLIC HEALTH; SOUTH AFRICA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 84873549760     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053570     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. WHO (2010) UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: WHO.
2. Dreesch N, Nyoni J, Mokopakgosi O, Seipone K, Kalilani JA, et al. (2007) Public-private options for expanding access to human resources for HIV/AIDS in Botswana. Hum Resour Health 5: 25.
3. WHO (2004) Cost and cost-effectiveness of public-private mix DOTS: evidence from two pilot projects in India.
4. Cleary SM, McIntyre D, Boulle AM, (2006) The cost-effectiveness of Antiretroviral Treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa - a primary data analysis. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 4: 20.
5. Cleary S, (2010) Equity and efficiency in scaling up access to HIV-related interventions in resource-limited settings. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 5: 210-214.
6. Leisegang R, Maartens G, Hislop M, Regensberg L, Cleary S, (2010) Improving the evidence base of Markov models used to estimate the costs of scaling up antiretroviral programmes in resource-limited settings. BMC Health Serv Res 10Suppl 1: S3.
7. Organisation WH (2003) Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: treatment guidelines for a public health approach. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
8. Consumer Price Index (CPI) (2010). Statistics South Africa.
9. Kranzer K, Ford N (2011) Unstructured treatment interruption of antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice: a systematic review. Trop Med Int Health.
10. Ndiaye B, Ould-Kaci K, Salleron J, Bataille P, Bonnevie F, et al. (2009) Characteristics of and outcomes in HIV-infected patients who return to care after loss to follow-up. AIDS 23: 1786-1789.
11. Ananworanich J, Gayet-Ageron A, Le Braz M, Prasithsirikul W, Chetchotisakd P, et al. (2006) CD4-guided scheduled treatment interruptions compared with continuous therapy for patients infected with HIV-1: results of the Staccato randomised trial. Lancet 368: 459-465.
12. Kaufmann GR, Perrin L, Pantaleo G, Opravil M, Furrer H, et al. (2003) CD4 T-Lymphocyte Recovery in Individuals With Advanced HIV-1 Infection Receiving Potent Antiretroviral Therapy for 4 Years: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 163: 2187-2195.
13. Treeage Software I (2009) Treeage Pro.
14. Analysis SD (2011) Stata 11.0.
15. Sendi PP, Craig BA, Pfluger D, Gafni A, Bucher HC, (1999) Systematic validation of disease models for pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. J Eval Clin Pract 5: 283-295.
16. Badri M, Maartens G, Mandalia S, Bekker LG, Penrod JR, et al. (2006) Cost-effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. PloS Med 3: e4.
17. Freedberg KA, Losina E, Weinstein MC, Paltiel AD, Cohen CJ, et al. (2001) The cost effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med 344: 824-831.
18. Goldie SJ, Yazdanpanah Y, Losina E, Weinstein MC, Anglaret X, et al. (2006) Cost-effectiveness of HIV treatment in resource-poor settings - the case of Cote d'Ivoire. N Engl J Med 355: 1141-1153.
19. Marseille E, Saba J, Muyingo S, Kahn JG, (2006) The costs and benefits of private sector provision of treatment to HIV-infected employees in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS 20: 907-914.
20. Vijayaraghavan A, Efrusy MB, Mazonson PD, Ebrahim O, Sanne IM, et al. (2007) Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for initiating and monitoring highly active antiretroviral therapy in the developing world. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46: 91-100.
21. Bachmann MO, (2006) Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of early and late prevention of HIV/AIDS progression with antiretrovirals or antibiotics in Southern African adults. AIDS Care 18: 109-120.
22. Bendavid E, Young SD, Katzenstein DA, Bayoumi AM, Sanders GD, et al. (2008) Cost-effectiveness of HIV monitoring strategies in resource-limited settings: a southern African analysis. Arch Intern Med 168: 1910-1918.
23. Cleary SM, McIntyre D, Boulle AM, (2008) Assessing efficiency and costs of scaling up HIV treatment. AIDS 22Suppl 1: S35-42.
24. Rosen S, Long L, Sanne I, (2008) The outcomes and outpatient costs of different models of antiretroviral treatment delivery in South Africa. Trop Med Int Health 13: 1005-1015.
25. Freedberg K (2007) Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in India: starting criteria and second-line therapy. AIDS.
26. Wolf LL, Ricketts P, Freedberg KA, Williams-Roberts H, Hirschhorn LR, et al. (2007) The cost-effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy for treating HIV disease in the Caribbean. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46: 463-471.
27. Rosen S, Fox MP, Gill CJ, (2007) Patient retention in antiretroviral therapy programs in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. PloS Med 4: e298.
28. Rosen S, Long L (2006) How much does it cost to provide antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in Africa? Boston: Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health. 1-11 p.
29. Walensky RP, Wood R, Weinstein MC, Martinson NA, Losina E, et al. (2008) Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: the impact of speed on survival. J Infect Dis 197: 1324-1332.
30. Boulle A, Ford N, (2008) Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in developing countries: what are the benefits and challenges? Postgrad Med J 84: 225-227.
31. Leisegang R, Cleary S, Hislop M, Davidse A, Regensberg L, et al. (2009) Early and late direct costs in a Southern African antiretroviral treatment programme: a retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS Med 6: e1000189.
32. Nachega JB, Leisegang R, Bishai D, Nguyen H, Hislop M, et al. (2010) Association of antiretroviral therapy adherence and health care costs. Ann Intern Med 152: 18-25.
33. Boulle A, Van Cutsem G, Hilderbrand K, Cragg C, Abrahams M, et al. (2010) Seven-year experience of a primary care antiretroviral treatment programme in Khayelitsha, South Africa. AIDS.
34. Cleary S, Silal S, Birch S, Carrara H, Wyk VP-v, et al. (2011) Equity in the use of antiretroviral treatment in the public health care system in urban South Africa. Health Policy 99: 261-266.
35. Rosen S, Ketlhapile M, Sanne I, DeSilva MB (2007) Cost to patients of obtaining treatment for HIV/AIDS in South Africa. July 2007, Vol 97, No 7 SAMJ.