Obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and cardiovascular risk

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 101-106

  Iqbal, Muhammad ^b   Shah, Syed ^b   Fernandez, Sonalis ^b   Karam, Jocelyne ^b   Jean Louis, Girardin ^b   McFarlane, Samy I ^a  

^a SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873504031     PISSN: 19329520     EISSN: 19329563     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12170-008-0020-5     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Callow AD: Cardiovascular disease 2005-the global picture. Vascul Pharmacol 2006, 45: 302-307.
2. Murray CJL, Lopez AD: The Global Burden of Disease and Injury Series, vol 1. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1996.
3. American Heart Association: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2007 Update. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 2007.
4. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, McNamara PM: Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary artery disease: the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1971, 74: 1-12.
5. Klein S, Burke LE, Bray GA, et al.: Clinical implications of obesity with specific focus on cardiovascular disease. A statement for professionals from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation 2004, 110: 2952-2967.
6. Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Manson JE, et al.: Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. N Engl J Med 2000, 343: 16-22.
7. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al.: Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and changes in diet and lifestyle in women. N Engl J Med 2000, 343: 530-537.
8. Kopelman PG: Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 2000, 404: 635-643.
9. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, et al.: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. JAMA 2004, 291: 2847-2850.
10. Wittels EH: Obesity and hormonal factors in sleep and sleep apnea. Med Clin North Am 1985, 69: 1265-1280.
11. Kryger MH: Restrictive lung diseases. In: Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, edn 2. Edited by Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1994: 769-775.
12. Guilleminault C, Tilkian A, Dement WC: The sleep apnea syndrome. Annu Rev Med 1976, 27: 465-484.
13. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J: Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000, 342: 178-184.
14. Peker Y, Kraiczi H, Hedner J, et al.: An independent association between obstructive sleep apnoea and coronary artery disease. Eur Respir J 1999, 14: 179-184.
15. Muller A, Mulhall JP: Cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction. Curr Opin Urol 2006, 16: 435-443.
16. Messerli FH: Cardiopathy of obesity-a not-so-Victorian disease [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1986, 314: 378.
17. Smith HL, Willius FA: Adiposity of the heart. A clinical and pathologic study of one hundred and thirty-six obese patients. Arch Intern Med 1933, 52: 911-931.
18. Ogden CL, Yanovski SZ, Carroll MD, Flegal KM: The epidemiology of obesity. Gastroenterology 2007, 132: 2087-2102.
19. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company: New weight standards for men and women. Stat Bull Metrop Insur Co 1959, 40: 1.
20. National Institutes of Health: Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults-The Evidence Report. Obes Res 1998, 6(Suppl 2): 51S-209S.
21. World Health Organization: The Global Epidemic of Obesity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1997.
22. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, et al.: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA 2006, 295: 1549-1555.
23. Rennie KL, Jebb SA: Prevalence of obesity in Great Britain. Obes Rev 2005, 6: 11-12.
24. Padez C, Fernandes T, Mourao I, et al.: Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 7-9-year-old Portuguese children: trends in body mass index from 1970-2002. Am J Hum Biol 2004, 16: 670-678.
25. Allison DB, Saunders SE: Obesity in North America: an overview. Med Clin North Am 2000, 84: 305-330.
26. Daniels SR, Arnett DK, Eckel RH, et al.: Overweight in children and adolescents. pathophysiology, consequences, prevention, and treatment. Circulation 2005, 111: 1999-2012.
27. Lurbe E, Alvarez V, Redon J: Obesity, body fat distribution, and ambulatory blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Clin Hypertens 2001, 3: 362-367.
28. Lauer RM, Clarke WR: Childhood risk factors for high adult blood pressure: the Muscatine Study. Pediatrics 1989, 84: 633-641.
29. Stevens VJ, Obarzanek E, Cook NR, et al.: Long-term weight loss and changes in blood pressure: results of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. Ann Intern Med 2001, 134: 1-11.
30. El-Atat F, Aneja A, McFarlane S, Sowers J: Obesity and hypertension. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2003, 32: 823-854.
31. Alpert MA, Lambert CR, Panayiotou H, et al.: Relation of duration of morbid obesity to left ventricular mass, systolic function, and diastolic filling, and effect of weight loss. Am J Cardiol 1995, 76: 1194-1197.
32. Wong CY, O'Moore-Sullivan T, Leano R, et al.: Association of subclinical right ventricular dysfunction with obesity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 47: 611-616.
33. Kip KE, Marroquin OC, Kelley DE, et al.: Clinical importance of obesity versus the metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular risk in women: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study. Circulation 2004, 109: 706-713.
34. Fantuzzi G, Mazzone T: Adipose tissue and atherosclerosis: exploring the connection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007, 27: 996-1003.
35. Shah S, Iqbal M, Karam J, et al.: Oxidative stress, glucose metabolism and the prevention of type 2 diabetes: pathophysiological insights. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007, 9: 911-929.
36. Mahoney LT, Burns TL, Stanford W, et al.: Coronary risk factors measured in childhood and young adult life are associated with coronary artery calcification in young adults: the Muscatine Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996, 27: 277-284.
37. Tauman R, Gozal D: Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2006, 7: 247-259.
38. Gastaut H, Tassinari CA, Duron B: Polygraphic study of the episodic diurnal and nocturnal (hypnic and respiratory) manifestations of the Pickwick syndrome. Brain Res 1966, 1: 167-186.
39. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, et al.: The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993, 32: 1230-1235.
40. Gottlieb D, Whitney C, Bonekat W, et al.: Relation of sleepiness to respiratory disturbance index: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999, 159: 502-507.
41. Kripke D, Ancoli-Israel S, Kaluber M, et al.: Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in ages 40-64 years: a population-based survey. Sleep 1997, 20: 65-76.
42. Neven A, Middlekoop H, Kemp K, et al.: The prevalence of clinically significant sleep apneoa syndrome in the Netherlands. Thorax 1998, 53: 638-642.
43. Carpagnano GE, Kharitonov SA, Resta O, et al.: 8-Isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, is increased in exhaled breath condensate of patients with obstructive sleep apnea after night and is reduced by CPAP therapy. Chest 2003, 124: 1386-1392.
44. Yamauchi M, Nakano H, Maekawa J, et al.: Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 2005, 127: 1674-1679.
45. Schultz R, Mahmoudi S, Hattar K, et al: Enhanced release of super oxide from polymorphonuclear neutrophils in obstructive sleep apnea: impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 162: 566-570.
46. Chin K, Nakamura T, Shimizu K, et al: Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on soluble cell adhesion molecules in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Med 2000, 109: 562-567.
47. Ip MS, Lam B, Chan LY, et al: Circulating nitric oxide is suppressed in obstructive sleep apnea and is reversed by nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 162: 2166-2171.
48. Ip MS, Tse HF, Lam B, et al.: Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea and response to treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 169: 348-353.
49. Shamsuzzaman AS, Winnicki M, Lanfranchi P, et al.: Elevated C-reactive protein in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 2002, 105: 2462-2464.
50. El-Solh AA, Mador MJ, Sikka P, et al.: Adhesion molecules in patients with coronary artery disease and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 2002, 121: 1541-1547.
51. Phillips BG, Narkiewicz K, Pesek CA, et al.: Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on endothelin-1 and blood pressure. J Hypertens 1999, 17: 61-66.
52. Somers VK, Dyken ME, Clary MP, et al.: Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Invest 1995, 96: 1897-1904.
53. Ip MS, Lam B, Ng MM, et al.: Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with insulin resistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 165: 670-676.
54. Phillips BG, Kato M, Narkiewicz K, et al.: Increases in leptin levels, sympathetic drive, and weight gain in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000, 279: H234-H237.
55. Leung RS, Bradley TD: Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 164: 2147-2165.
56. Shamsuzzaman AS, Gersh BJ, Somers VK: Obstructive sleep apnea: implications for cardiac and vascular disease. JAMA 2003, 290: 1906-1914.
57. Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, et al.: Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000, 342: 1378-1384.
58. Becker HF, Jerrentrup A, Ploch T, et al.: Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 2003, 107: 68-73.
59. Gami AS, Pressman G, Caples SM, et al.: Association of atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea. Circulation 2004, 110: 364-367.
60. Peker Y, Hedner J, Kraiczi H, et al.: Respiratory disturbance index: an independent predictor of mortality in coronary artery disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 162: 81-86.
61. Peker Y, Carlson J, Hedner J: Increased incidence of coronary artery disease in sleep apnoea: a long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J 2006, 28: 596-602.
62. Jung HH, Han H, Lee JH: Sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, and antioxidant status in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2005, 45: 875-882.
63. Dyken ME, Somers VK, Yamada T, et al.: Investigating the relationship between stroke and obstructive sleep apnea. Stroke 1996, 27: 401-407.
64. Mansfield DR, Gollogly NC, Kaye DM, et al.: Controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004, 169: 361-366.