The cortisol awakening response predicts major depression: Predictive stability over a 4-year follow-up and effect of depression history

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 483-493

  Vrshek Schallhorn, S ^a   Doane, L D ^b   Mineka, S ^a   Zinbarg, R E ^a   Craske, M G ^c   Adam, E K ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

diurnal rhythm; Key words Cortisol awakening response; late adolescence; major depressive disorder; non proportional hazards models; stressful life events

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; RECURRENT DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; SALIVA; SURVIVAL; TIME;

ADOLESCENT; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; SALIVA; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84873378403     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291712001213     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Adam E, Doane L, Zinbarg R, Mineka S, Craske M, Griffith J (2010). Prospective prediction of major depressive disorder from cortisol awakening responses in adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35, 921-931.
2. Adam E, Gunnar M (2001). Relationship functioning and home and work demands predict individual differences in diurnal cortisol patterns in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26, 189-208.
3. Adam E, Hawkley L, Kudielka B, Cacioppo J (2006). Day-today dynamics of experience-cortisol associations in a population-based sample of older adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103, 17058-17063. (Pubitemid 44737377)
4. Boland R, Keller M (2009). Course and outcome of depression. In Handbook of Depression (ed. I. Gotlib and C. Hammen), pp. 23-44.Guilford Press : New York.
5. Carver CS, White TL (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67, 319-333.
6. Chrousos G, Gold P (1992). The concepts of stress and stress system disorders : overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA 267, 1244-1252.
7. Clow A, Hucklebridge F, Stalder T, Evans P, Thorn L (2010). The cortisol awakening response : more than a measure of HPA axis function. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 35, 97-103.
8. Costa PT, Terracciano A, McCrae RR (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures : robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81, 322-331. (Pubitemid 33594918)
9. Cowen P (2010). Not fade away: the HPA axis and depression. Psychological Medicine 40, 1-4.
10. Cox D (1972). Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Methodological) 34, 187-220.
11. Doane LD, Adam EK, Mineka S, Zinbarg R, Craske M, Griffith J (in press). Are flatter diurnal cortisol rhythms associated with major depression and anxiety disorders in late adolescence ? The role of life stress and daily negative emotion. Development and Psychopathology.
12. Dressendörfer R, Kirschbaum C, Rohde W, Stahl F, Strasburger C (1992). Synthesis of a cortisol-biotin conjugate and evaluation as a tracer in an immunoassay for salivary cortisol measurement. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 43, 683-692. (Pubitemid 23002501)
13. Ehlert U, Gaab J, Heinrichs M (2001). Psychoneuroendocrinological contributions to the etiology of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and stress-related bodily disorders : The role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Biological Psychology 57, 141-152. (Pubitemid 32651897)
14. Eysenck SBG, Eysenck HJ, Barrett P (1985). A revised version of the psychoticism scale. Personality and Individual Differences 6, 21-29.
15. First M, Spitzer R, Gibbon M, Williams J (2001). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders-Non-Patient Edition. New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research Department: New York.
16. Fries E, Dettenborn L, Kirschbaum C (2009). The cortisol awakening response (CAR): facts and future directions. International Journal of Psychophysiology 72, 67-73.
17. Gerritsen L, Geerlings M, Beekman A, Deeg D, Penninx B, Comijs H (2010). Early and late life events and salivary cortisol in older persons. Psychological Medicine 40, 1569-1578.
18. Goldberg L (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In Personality Psychology in Europe (ed. I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt and F. Ostendorf), pp. 7-28. Tilburg University Press : Tilburg, The Netherlands.
19. Goodyer I, Croudace T, Dudbridge F, Ban M, Herbert J (2010). Polymorphisms in BDNF (Val66Met) and 5-HTTLPR, morning cortisol and subsequent depression in at-risk adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry 197, 365-371.
20. Goodyer I, Tamplin A, Herbert J, Altham P (2000). Recent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry 177, 499-504. (Pubitemid 32005479)
21. Halligan S, Herbert J, Goodyer I, Murray L (2007). Disturbances in morning cortisol secretion in association with maternal postnatal depression predict subsequent depressive symptomatology in adolescents. Biological Psychiatry 62, 40-46. (Pubitemid 46898229)
22. Hammen C (1991). Generation of stress in the course of unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100, 555-561.
23. Hammen C, Adrian C, Gordon D, Burge D, Jaenicke C, Hiroto D (1987). Children of depressed mothers: maternal strain and symptom predictors of dysfunction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 96, 190-198.
24. Harris T, Borsanyi S, Messari S, Stanford K, Brown G, Cleary S, Shiers H, Herbert J (2000). Morning cortisol as a risk factor for subsequent major depressive disorder in adult women. British Journal of Psychiatry 177, 505-510. (Pubitemid 32005480)
25. Hollingshead A (1975). Four Factor Index of Social Status. Yale University : New Haven, CT.
26. Holsboer F (2000). The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 23, 477-501.
27. Kendler K, Karkowski L, Prescott C (1999). Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 156, 837-841. (Pubitemid 29260336)
28. Kendler K, Kuhn J, Prescott C (2004). The interrelationship of neuroticism, sex, and stressful life events in the prediction of episodes of major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 161, 631-636. (Pubitemid 38445506)
29. Meewisse ML, Reitsma JB, De Vries GJ, Gersons BPR, Olff M (2007). Cortisol and post-traumatic stress disorder in adults : systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry 191, 387-392. (Pubitemid 350069578)
30. Post R (1992). Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 149, 999-1010.
31. Pruessner J, Wolf O, Hellhammer D, Buske-Kirschbaum A, Von Auer K, Jobst S, Kaspers, F, Kirschbaum C (1997). Free cortisol levels after awakening: a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activity. Life Sciences 61, 2539-2549. (Pubitemid 28035578)
32. Saucier G (1994). Mini-markers : A brief version of Goldberg's unipolar big-five markers. Journal of Personality Assessment 63, 506-516.
33. Shirtcliff EA, Essex MJ (2008). Concurrent and longitudinal associations of basal and diurnal cortisol with mental health symptoms in early adolescence. Developmental Psychobiology 50, 690-703. (Pubitemid 352748860)
34. Singer J, Willett J (2003). Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis : Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. Oxford University Press : New York.
35. Wilhelm I, Born J, Kudielka B, Schlotz W, Wü st S (2007). Is the cortisol awakening rise a response to awakening? Psychoneuroendocrinology 32, 358-366. (Pubitemid 46617781)
36. Zinbarg R, Mineka S, Craske M, Griffith J, Sutton J, Rose R, Nazarian M, Mor N, Waters A (2010). The Northwestern-UCLA Youth Emotion Project : associations of cognitive vulnerabilities, neuroticism and gender with past diagnoses of emotional disorders in adolescents. Behaviour Research and Therapy 48, 347-358.