Clozapine's role in the treatment of first-episode schizophrenia

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 170, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 146-151

  Remington, Gary ^a   Agid, Ofer ^a   Foussias, George ^a   Hahn, Margaret ^a   Rao, Naren ^a   Sinyor, Mark ^a  

^a not available ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLORPROMAZINE; CLOZAPINE; FLUPHENAZINE; HALOPERIDOL;

AGRANULOCYTOSIS; ARTICLE; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG USE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FIRST EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REMISSION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SIDE EFFECT; TARDIVE DYSKINESIA; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 84873372804     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: 15357228     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12060778     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Crilly J: The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market: a review and analysis. Hist Psychiatry 2007; 18: 39-60
2. Hippius H: A historical perspective of clozapine. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60(suppl 12): 22-23
3. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H: Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: a double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 789-796
4. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Clinical Practice Guidelines Team for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2005; 39: 1-30
5. Schizophrenia NICE: Core Interventions in the Treatment and Management of Schizophrenia in Adults in Primary and Secondary Care. NICE clinical guideline 82. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2009. Available at http//guidance.nice.org.uk/CG82
6. American Psychiatric Association: Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161(Feb Suppl)
7. Canadian Psychiatric Association: Clinical practice guidelines: treatment of schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 2005; 50(Suppl 1)
8. Canadian Pharmacists Association: Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialities (CPS). Ottawa, Canadian Pharmacists Association, 2012
9. Physicians Desk Reference, 66th ed. Montvale, NJ, Thomson PDR, 2012
10. Conley RR, Kelly DL: Management of treatment resistance in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50: 898-911
11. Mouaffak F, Tranulis C, Gourevitch R, Poirier MF, Douki S, Olié JP, Lôo H, Gourion D: Augmentation strategies of clozapine with antipsychotics in the treatment of ultraresistant schizophrenia. Clin Neuropharmacol 2006; 29: 28-33
12. Sernyak MJ, Rosenheck RA: Antipsychotic use in the treatment of outpatients with schizophrenia in the VA from fiscal years 1999 to 2006. Psychiatr Serv 2008; 59: 567-569
13. Taylor DM, Young C, Paton C: Prior antipsychotic prescribing in patients currently receiving clozapine: a case note review. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 30-34
14. Perkins DO, Gu H, Boteva K, Lieberman JA: Relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in firstepisode schizophrenia: a critical review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 1785-1804
15. Agid O, Arenovich T, Sajeev G, Zipursky RB, Kapur S, Foussias G, Remington G: An algorithm-based approach to first-episode schizophrenia: response rates over 3 prospective antipsychotic trials with a retrospective data analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2011; 72: 1439-1444
16. Boter H, Peuskens J, Libiger J, Fleischhacker WW, Davidson M, Galderisi S, Kahn RS; EUFEST study group: Effectiveness of antipsychotics in first-episode schizophrenia and schiz-ophreniform disorder on response and remission: an open randomized clinical trial (EUFEST). Schizophr Res 2009; 115: 97-103
17. Crespo-Facorro B, Pérez-Iglesias R, Ramirez-Bonilla M, Martínez-García O, Llorca J, Luis Vázquez-Barquero J: A practical clinical trial comparing haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine for the acute treatment of first-episode nonaffective psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 1511-1521
18. Derks EM, Fleischhacker WW, Boter H, Peuskens J, Kahn RS; EUFEST Study Group: Antipsychotic drug treatment in first-episode psychosis: should patients be switched to a different antipsychotic drug after 2, 4, or 6 weeks of nonresponse? J Clin Psychopharmacol 2010; 30: 176-180
19. Emsley R, Oosthuizen PP, Kidd M, Koen L, Niehaus DJ, Turner HJ: Remission in first-episode psychosis: predictor variables and symptom improvement patterns. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 1707-1712
20. Emsley R, Rabinowitz J, Medori R: Time course for antipsychotic treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 743-745
21. Lieberman J, Jody D, Geisler S, Vital-Herne J, Alvir JM, Walsleben J, Woerner MG: Treatment outcome of first episode schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull 1989; 25: 92-96
22. Merlo MC, Hofer H, Gekle W, Berger G, Ventura J, Panhuber I, Latour G, Marder SR: Risperidone, 2 mg/day vs 4 mg/day, in firstepisode, acutely psychotic patients: treatment efficacy and effects on fine motor functioning. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63: 885-891
23. Möller HJ, Riedel M, Jäger M, Wickelmaier F, Maier W, Kühn KU, Buchkremer G, Heuser I, Klosterkötter J, Gastpar M, Braus DF, Schlösser R, Schneider F, Ohmann C, Riesbeck M, Gaebel W: Short-term treatment with risperidone or haloperidol in first-episode schizophrenia: 8-week results of a randomized controlled trial within the German Research Network on Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2008; 11: 985-997
24. Perkins D, Lieberman J, Gu H, Tohen M, McEvoy J, Green A, Zipursky R, Strakowski S, Sharma T, Kahn R, Gur R, Tollefson G; HGDH Research Group: Predictors of antipsychotic treatment response in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and schizophreniform disorders. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 185: 18-24
25. Schennach-Wolff R, Seemüller FH, Mayr A, Maier W, Klingberg S, Heuser I, Klosterkötter J, Gastpar M, Häfner H, Sauer H, Schneider F, Gaebel W, Jäger M, Möller HJ, Riedel M: An early improvement threshold to predict response and remission in first-episode schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 196: 460-466
26. Stauffer VL, Case M, Kinon BJ, Conley R, Ascher-Svanum H, Kollack-Walker S, Kane J, McEvoy J, Lieberman J: Early response to antipsychotic therapy as a clinical marker of subsequent response in the treatment of patients with first-episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2011; 187: 42-48
27. Lieberman JA, Koreen AR, Chakos M, Sheitman B, Woerner M, Alvir JM, Bilder R: Factors influencing treatment response and outcome of first-episode schizophrenia: implications for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 1996; 57(Suppl 9): 5-9
28. Takahashi H, Kamata M, Yoshida K, Ishigooka J, Higuchi H: Switching to olanzapine after unsuccessful treatment with risperidone during the first episode of schizophrenia: an openlabel trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 1577-1582
29. Takahashi H, Yoshida K, Ishigooka J, Higuchi H: Switching to risperidone after unsuccessful treatment of olanzapine in the first-episode schizophrenia: an open trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006; 30: 1067-1072
30. Essock SM, Covell NH, Davis SM, Stroup TS, Rosenheck RA, Lieberman JA: Effectiveness of switching antipsychotic medications. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163: 2090-2095
31. Faries DE, Ascher-Svanum H, Nyhuis AW, Kinon BJ: Clinical and economic ramifications of switching antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2009; 9: 54
32. Rosenheck RA, Davis S, Covell N, Essock S, Swartz M, Stroup S, McEvoy J, Lieberman J: Does switching to a new antipsychotic improve outcomes? Data from the CATIE Trial. Schizophr Res 2009; 107: 22-29
33. Schneider AL, Mosier KE, Tempier RP: Switching antipsychotic medications: a 2-year chart-review study exploring patient characteristics and psychiatric service use of schizophrenia patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2009; 70: 937-939
34. Yang PD, Ji Z: The efficacy and related factors of clozapine on first-episode schizophrenia. Chin J Nerv Ment Dis 1997; 23: 155-158
35. Lieberman JA, Phillips M, Gu H, Stroup S, Zhang P, Kong L, Ji Z, Koch G, Hamer RM: Atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in treatment-naive first-episode schizophrenia: a 52-week randomized trial of clozapine vs chlorpromazine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28: 995-1003
36. Girgis RR, Phillips MR, Li X, Li K, Jiang H, Wu C, Duan N, Niu Y, Lieberman JA: Clozapine v. chlorpromazine in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia: 9-year outcomes of a randomised clinical trial. Br J Psychiatry 2011; 199: 281-288
37. Woerner MG, Robinson DG, Alvir JM, Sheitman BB, Lieberman JA, Kane JM: Clozapine as a first treatment for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 1514-1516
38. Robinson D, Woerner MG, Alvir JM, Bilder R, Goldman R, Geisler S, Koreen A, Sheitman B, Chakos M, Mayerhoff D, Lieberman JA: Predictors of relapse following response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56: 241-247
39. Cohn T, Prud'homme D, Streiner D, Kameh H, Remington G: Characterizing coronary heart disease risk in chronic schizophrenia: high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Can J Psychiatry 2004; 49: 753-760
40. Klemp M, Tvete IF, Skomedal T, Gaasemyr J, Natvig B, Aursnes I: A review and Bayesian meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and adverse effects of 4 atypical neuroleptic drugs compared with haloperidol and placebo. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011; 31: 698-704
41. Zipursky RB, Gu H, Green AI, Perkins DO, Tohen MF, McEvoy JP, Strakowski SM, Sharma T, Kahn RS, Gur RE, Tollefson GD, Lieberman JA: Course and predictors of weight gain in people with firstepisode psychosis treated with olanzapine or haloperidol. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 187: 537-543
42. Allison DB, Newcomer JW, Dunn AL, Blumenthal JA, Fabricatore AN, Daumit GL, Cope MB, Riley WT, Vreeland B, Hibbeln JR, Alpert JE: Obesity among those with mental disorders: a National Institute of Mental Health meeting report. Am J Prev Med 2009; 36: 341-350
43. De Hert M, Correll CU, Bobes J, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Cohen D, Asai I, Detraux J, Gautam S, Möller HJ, Ndetei DM, Newcomer JW, Uwakwe R, Leucht S: Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders, I: prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care. World Psychiatry 2011; 10: 52-77
44. Megna JL, Schwartz TL, Siddiqui UA, Herrera Rojas M: Obesity in adults with serious and persistent mental illness: a review of postulated mechanisms and current interventions. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2011; 23: 131-140
45. Tarsy D, Lungu C, Baldessarini RJ: Epidemiology of tardive dyskinesia before and during the era of modern antipsychotic drugs. Handb Clin Neurol 2011; 100: 601-616
46. Phanthunane P, Vos T, Whiteford H, Bertram M: Cost-effectiveness of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2011; 9: 6
47. Rosenheck R, Cramer J, Allan E, Erdos J, Frisman LK, Xu W, Thomas J, Henderson W, Charney D; Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia: Cost-effectiveness of clozapine in patients with high and low levels of hospital use. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999; 56: 565-572
48. Wheeler A, Humberstone V, Robinson G: Outcomes for schizophrenia patients with clozapine treatment: how good does it get? J Psychopharmacol 2009; 23: 957-965
49. Tang YL, Mao PX, Jiang F, Chen Q, Wang CY, Cai ZJ, Mitchell PB: Clozapine in China. Pharmacopsychiatry 2008; 41: 1-9