Historic preservation's urban renewal roots: Preservation and planning in midcentury Philadelphia

Journal of Urban History

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 193-213

  Ryberg, Stephanie R ^a  

^a CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

historic preservation; Philadelphia; urban renewal

Indexed keywords

POST-WAR; REDEVELOPMENT; URBAN HISTORY; URBAN PLANNING; URBAN RENEWAL;

PENNSYLVANIA; PHILADELPHIA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84873363864     PISSN: 00961442     EISSN: 15526771     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0096144212440177     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Eugenie Ladner Birch and Douglass Roby, "The Planner and the Preservationist: An Uneasy Alliance," Journal of the American Planning Association 50 (1984): 194-207, 199.
2. Charles Haydock, "Plans to Rehabilitate Old Philadelphia," American City 60 (March 1945);
3. "The Philadelphia Cure: Clearing Slums with Penicillin, Not Surgery," Architectural Forum 96 (April 1952): 112-19;
4. "Philadelphia's Hour of Decision," Architectural Forum 96 (June 1952): 118-25;
5. Louis Isadore Kahn, "Toward a Plan for Midtown Philadelphia," Perspecta 2 (1953): 10-27;
6. "Inside Philadelphia: A New Kind of Town," Architectural Forum 101 (September 1954): 140-43;
7. Edwin G. Brumbaugh, "Independence Hall Area: Rebirth of the Old City," Journal of the American Institute of Architects 28 (September 1957): 294-298;
8. Melvin M. Webber, "Planning and Development in Philadelphia," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 26 (1960): 155;
9. Eleanor Smith Morris, "The Planning of Philadelphia," Architectural Design 32 (August 1962): 370-98;
10. "More Integration of Past and Present in Philadelphia," Progressive Architecture 44 (November 1963): 69;
11. Philip Herrara, "Philadelphia: How Far Can Renewal Go?" Architectural Forum 119 (1964): 179-93;
12. Mildred F. Schmertz, "Philadelphia Report: A Long Wait for the Renaissance," Architectural Record 138 (1965): 119-32;
13. "Expressway Threatens Historic Philadelphia," Progressive Architecture 47 (1966): 51;
14. "Toward a Broader National Preservation Program," Historic Preservation 18 (1966): 224-70;
15. Derek Sherborn, "A New Face for Philadelphia," Country Life 142 (1967): 155-161;
16. "Philadelphia Renews Renewal," Architectural Forum 126 (1967): 64-67;
17. "Rehabilitation," Journal of Housing 24 (1967): 199-225;
18. A. E. J. Morris, "Philadelphia: Idea Powered Planning," Built Environment 1 (1976): 148-52;
19. "Philadelphia," Journal of the American Institute of Architects 65 (1976): 31-51;
20. "Philadelphia Story," Progressive Architecture 57 (1976): 155-241.
21. Birch and Roby, "Planner and the Preservationist," 198.
22. Jon C. Teaford, The Rough Road to Renaissance: Urban Revitalization in America, 1940-1985 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990);
23. Robert Hodder, "Savannah's Changing Past: Historic Preservation Planning and the Social Construction of a Historic Landscape, 1955 to 1985," in Mary Corbin Sies and Christopher Silver, eds., Planning the Twentieth-Century American City (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 361-82;
24. Brian Greenfield, "Marketing the Past: Historic Preservation in Providence, Rhode Island," in Max Page and Randall Mason, eds., Giving Preservation a History: Histories of Historic Preservation in the United States (New York: Routledge, 2004), 117-32.
25. John F. Bauman, Public Housing, Race, and Renewal: Urban Planning in Philadelphia, 1920-1974 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987);
26. Teaford, Rough Road to Renaissance;
27. Guian A. McKee, "Liberal Ends through Illiberal Means: Race, Urban Renewal, and Community in the Eastwick Section of Philadelphia, 1949-1990," Journal of Urban History 27 (2001): 547-83;
28. Robert B. Fairbanks, "The Texas Exception: San Antonio and Urban Renewal, 1949-1965," Journal of Planning History 1 (2002): 181-96;
29. Guian A. McKee, "Blue Sky Boys, Professional Citizens, and Knights-in-Shining-Money: Philadelphia's Penn Center Project and the Constraints of Private Development," Journal of Planning History 6 (2007): 48-80;
30. Eric Avila and Mark H. Rose, "Race, Culture, Politics, and Urban Renewal: An Introduction," Journal of Urban History 35 (2009): 335-47;
31. Guian A. McKee, "'I've Never Dealt with a Government Agency Before': Philadelphia's Somerset Knitting Mills Project, the Local State, and the Missed Opportunities of Urban Renewal," Journal of Urban History 35 (2009): 387-409;
32. and Irene V. Holliman, "From Crackertown to Model City? Urban Renewal and Community Building in Atlanta, 1963-1966," Journal of Urban History 35 (2009): 369-86.
33. Teaford, Rough Road to Renaissance, 26.
34. McKee, "'I've Never Dealt with a Government Agency Before,'" 388.
35. Teaford, Rough Road to Renaissance;
36. Alexander von Hoffman, "The Lost History of Urban Renewal," Journal of Urbanism 1 (2008): 281-301;
37. John H. Spiers, "'Planning with People': Urban Renewal in Boston's Washington Park, 1950-1970," Journal of Planning History 8 (2009): 221-47.
38. Teaford, Rough Road to Renaissance, 113.
39. Spiers, "'Planning with People,'" 231.
40. Teaford, Rough Road to Renaissance;
41. Bauman, Public Housing, Race, and Renewal;
42. Andrew Feffer, "Show Down in Center City: Staging Redevelopment and Citizenship in Bicentennial Philadelphia, 1974-1977," Journal of Urban History 30 (2004): 791-825;
43. McKee, "Blue Sky Boys";
44. Carolyn T. Adams, David Bartelt, David Elesh, Ira Goldstein, Nancy Kleniewski, and William Yancey, Philadelphia: Neighborhoods, Division, and Conflict in a Postindustrial City (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991).
45. Teaford, Rough Road to Renaissance, 151.
46. Bauman, Public Housing, Race, and Renewal, 251-52.
47. Teaford, Rough Road to Renaissance;
48. Adams et al., Philadelphia;
49. Thomas J. Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996);
50. Dolores Hayden, Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820-2000 (New York: Pantheon Books, 2003).
51. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Comprehensive Plan: The Physical Development Plan for the City of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1960).
52. "Philadelphia." One of the few alterations was the construction of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, originally proposed in 1892 and constructed in 1917.
53. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Northwest Philadelphia District Plan (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1966);
54. Adams et al., Philadelphia;
55. Bacon, Edmund, "Philadelphia: Development of Projects," Town Planning Institute 36 (1950): 95-98;
56. David A. Wallace, "Renaissancemanship," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 26 (1960): 157-76;
57. Philip B. Berkman, "The Re-Creation of Colonial Philadelphia: Preservation in the Mid-Twentieth Century City and the Destruction of an Historical Context" (senior honors thesis, Department of History, University of Pennsylvania, 2006).
58. Arnold Hirsch, Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940-1960 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983) for a discussion of Chicago's similar agency, founded around the same time.
59. Adams et al., Philadelphia, 104.
60. Bacon, "Philadelphia," 97.
61. Schmertz, "Philadelphia Report";
62. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Northwest Temple Redevelopment Area Plan (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1955).
63. John F. Bauman, "The Paradox of Post-War Urban Planning: Downtown Revitalization Versus Decent Housing for All," in Daniel Schaffer, ed., Two Centuries of American Planning (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), 231-264;
64. Wallace, "Renaissancemanship," 160.
65. Bacon, Edmund, "Downtown Philadelphia: A Lesson in Design for Urban Growth," Architectural Record 129 (1961): 131-146;
66. Bacon, "Philadelphia." 96-97
67. Doug Hassebroek, "Philadelphia's Postwar Moment," Perspecta 30 (1999): 84-91;
68. Alexander Garvin, "Philadelphia's Planner: A Conversation with Edmund Bacon," Journal of Planning History 1 (2002): 58-78;
69. Bacon, "Philadelphia";
70. Bacon, "Downtown Philadelphia";
71. Edmund N. Bacon, "Pei in the Sky and Other Aspects of the Philadelphia Story," Architectural Association Journal 79 (November 1963): 103-12;
72. Edmund N. Bacon, "Time, Turf, Architects and Planners," Architectural Record 159 (1976): 97-102.
73. Adams et al., Philadelphia, 105.
74. McKee, "Liberal Ends through Illiberal Means," 559;
75. also see: Wallace, "Renaissancemanship."
76. Richard C. Collins, Elizabeth B. Waters, and A. Bruce Dotson, America's Downtowns: Growth, Politics and Preservation (New York: Preservation Press, 1995);
77. Berkman, "Re-Creation of Colonial Philadelphia." Although created in 1955, the Philadelphia Historical Commission (PHC) began operations in 1956.
78. Berkman, "Re-Creation of Colonial Philadelphia," xi.
79. Hassebroek, "Philadelphia's Postwar Moment," 88.
80. Bacon, "Downtown Philadelphia," 133;
81. Morris, "Planning of Philadelphia";
82. Stephen G. Thompson, "Philadelphia's Design Sweepstakes," Architectural Forum 109 (December 1958): 94-99.
83. Adams et al., Philadelphia;
84. Bacon, "Downtown Philadelphia";
85. Paul A. Wilhelm, "Industrial Development Planning," Journal of the American Institute of Planners 26 (1960): 216-23;
86. Schmertz, "Philadelphia Report," 128.
87. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Market East Plaza: A New Center for Transportation and Commerce (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1958);
88. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Center City, Philadelphia: Major Elements of the Physical Development Plan for Center City (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1960);
89. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, The Plan for Center City Philadelphia (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1963);
90. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Market East Study (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1963);
91. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, South Triangle Plan, Center City Redevelopment Area (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1963);
92. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Schuylkill River Park, Center City Redevelopment Area (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1964);
93. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Franklin Plan, Center City Redevelopment Area (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1965);
94. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Market West, Center City Redevelopment Area (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1965);
95. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Independence Mall: Center City Redevelopment Area (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1966);
96. and Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Center City Redevelopment Area Plan (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1967).
97. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, South Triangle Plan, 4.
98. Joel Schwartz, The New York Approach: Robert Moses, Urban Liberals, and Redevelopment of the Inner City (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1993).
99. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Haddington Redevelopment Area Plan, 7.
100. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Nicetown Redevelopment Area Plan, 8.
101. Philadelphia City Planning Commission, Germantown: A Planning Study (Philadelphia: Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1956).
102. Germantown Women's Club (6316-6303 Germantown);
103. Mennonite Church (6117 Germantown);
104. Vernon Park and house (already owned by the city);
105. Morris House (5442 Germantown);
106. Grumblethorpe (5269 Germantown);
107. Trinity Lutheran Church (5300 Germantown);
108. Germantown Historical Society (5214 Germantown-semipublic);
109. St. Stephen's Church (5215 Germantown Ave.);
110. Cliveden (6401 Germantown Ave.);
111. Henry S. Churchill and Jack M. Kendree, A Preliminary Study of Germantown (Philadelphia: Concern for Germantown, 1959);
112. Henry J. Magaziner and Andrade Wright, Study of Central Germantown: For the Philadelphia City Planning Commission (Philadelphia: H.J. Magaziner, 1963);
113. and Henry J. Magaziner and Andrade Wright, Areas of Opportunity for Renewal in Germantown (Philadelphia: H.J. Magaziner, 1964).
114. Jane Jacobs, Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage, 1961);
115. Herbert Gans, The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1962);
116. Martin Anderson, The Federal Bulldozer (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1967).
117. U.S. Conference of Mayors, Special Committee on Historic Preservation, With Heritage so Rich (New York: Random House, 1966).
118. "Toward a Broader National Preservation Program," 224.
119. Edmund N. Bacon, "Philadelphia: Development of Projects," Town Planning Institute 36 (February 1950): 98.
120. Philadelphia Historical Commission, Historic Buildings Recommended for Preservation (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Historical Commission, 1959).