State-of-the-art of vanadium redox flow battery: A review on research prospects

International Review of Electrical Engineering

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 5610-5622

  Mohamed, Mohd R ^a   Ahmad, Hamzah ^a   Seman, Mazrul N Abu ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PAHANG   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Energy storage; Hybrid electric vehicle; Redox flow battery; Vanadium

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873261409     PISSN: 18276660     EISSN: 25332244     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. R. Karki, Reliability Focused and Market Driven Growth of Wind Power in Electric Power Systems, International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), vol. 1 n. 1, 2006, pp. 170-177.
2. A.Z. P. Bhusal, M. Eloholma, L. Halonen, Energy-efficient Innovative Lighting and Energy Supply Solutions in Developing Countries, International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), vol. 2 n. 1, 2007, pp. 665-670.
3. H. Al-Fetlawi, A.A. Shah, F.C. Walsh, Non-isothermal modelling of the all-vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 55 n. 1, 2009, pp. 78-89.
4. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Y. Limantari, Kinetics of the chemical dissolution of vanadium pentoxide in acidic bromide solutions, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 34 n. 7, 2004, pp. 681-685.
5. F. Rahman, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Solubility of vanadyl sulfate in concentrated sulfuric acid solutions, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 72 n. 2, 1998, pp. 105-110.
6. Y.K. Gaku Oriji, Takashi Miura, Investigation on V(IV)/V(V) species in a vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 49 n. 19, 2004, pp. 3091-3095.
7. +redox reaction in acidic solutions, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 151 n. 1, 2004, pp. A123-A130.
8. T. Mohammadi, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Characterisation of novel composite membrane for redox flow battery applications, Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 98 n. 1-2, 1995, pp. 77-87.
9. T. Sukkar, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Membrane stability studies for vanadium redox cell applications, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 34 n. 2, 2004, pp. 137-145.
10. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Novel vanadium chloride/polyhalide redox flow battery, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 124, 2003, pp. 299-302.
11. 3+) redox flow battery, Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2009. APPEEC 2009. Asia-Pacific
12. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, C. Menictas, M. Kazacos, Thermal stability of concentrated V(V) electrolytes in the vanadium redox cell, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 143 n. No. 4, 1996, pp. L86-L88.
13. F. Rahman, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Vanadium redox battery: Positive half-cell electrolyte studies, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 189 n. 2, 2009, pp. 1212-1219.
14. M. Kazacos, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Performance characteristics of carbon plastic electrodes in the all-vanadium redox cell, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 136 n. 9, 1989, pp. 2759-2760.
15. A.A. Shah, M.J. Watt-Smith, F.C. Walsh, A dynamic performance model for redox-flow batteries involving soluble species, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 53 n. 27, 2008, pp. 8087-8100.
16. C. Blanc, A. Rufer, Multiphysics and energetic modeling of a vanadium redox flow battery, IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, ICSET2008, Singapore
17. D. You, H. Zhang, J. Chen, A simple model for the vanadium redox battery, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 54 n. 27, 2009, pp. 6827-6836.
18. C. Fabjan, J. Garche, B. Harrer, L. Jörissen, C. Kolbeck, F. Philippi, G. Tomazic, F. Wagner, The vanadium redox-battery: an efficient storage unit for photovoltaic systems, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 47 n. 5, 2001, pp. 825-831.
19. L. Joerissen, J. Garche, C. Fabjan, G. Tomazic, Possible use of vanadium redox-flow batteries for energy storage in small grids and stand-alone photovoltaic systems, Ulm, Germany
20. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, G. Kazacos, G. Poon, H. Verseema, Recent advances with UNSW vanadium-based redox flow batteries, International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 34 n. 2, 2010, pp. 182-189.
21. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Recent progress with the USNW vanadium battery, in http://www.arizonaenergy.org/Analysis/FuelCell/Vanadium%20 Battery/recent_progress_with_the_unsw_va.htm. Retrieved on 24 Feb 2008, accessed on 07 July 2008.
22. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, D. Kasherman, D.R. Hong, M. Kazacos, Characteristics and performance of 1 kW UNSW vanadium redox battery, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 35 n. 4, 1991, pp. 399-404.
23. M. Rychcik, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Characteristics of a new allvanadium redox flow battery, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 22 n. 1, 1988, pp. 59-67.
24. P. Zhao, H. Zhang, H. Zhou, J. Chen, S. Gao, B. Yi, Characteristics and performance of 10 kW class all-vanadium redox-flow battery stack, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 162 n. 2, 2006, pp. 1416-1420.
25. Swanbarton. Ltd, Status of electrical energy storage systems, DTI. Technology, Editor. 2004 available accessed at 24 June 2010, Crown Copyright 2004: UK
26. Isastia, V., Meo, S. Overview on automotive energy storage systems, (2009) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 4 (6), pp. 1122-1144.
27. R. Hebner, J. Beno, A. Walls, Flywheel batteries come around again, Spectrum, IEEE, vol. 39 n. 4, 2002, pp. 46-51.
28. H. Chen, T.N. Cong, W. Yang, C. Tan, Y. Li, Y. Ding, Progress in electrical energy storage system: a critical review, Progress in Natural Science, vol. 19 n. 3, 2009, pp. 291-312.
29. A. Gonzalez, B. Ó. Gallachóir, E. McKeogh, K. Lynch (2004) Study of electricity storage technologies and their potential to address wind energy intermittency in Ireland. Available accessed 15 June 2009.
30. C. Blanc, Modeling of a vanadium redox flow battery electricity storage system, Department, Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne, Lausanne, 2009.
31. N. Koshizuka, F. Ishikawa, H. Nasu, M. Murakami, K. Matsunaga, S. Saito, O. Saito, Y. Nakamura, H. Yamamoto, R. Takahata, Y. Itoh, H. Ikezawa, M. Tomita, Progress of superconducting bearing technologies for flywheel energy storage systems, Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 386, 2003, pp. 444-450.
32. J. Kondoh, I. Ishii, H. Yamaguchi, A. Murata, K. Otani, K. Sakuta, N. Higuchi, S. Sekine, M. Kamimoto, Electrical energy storage systems for energy networks, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 41 n. 17, 2000, pp. 1863-1874.
33. B. Cook, Introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology, Engineering Science And Education Journal, 2002, pp. 205-216.
34. J. A. Smith, M. H. Nehrir, V. Gerez, a.S.R. Shaw, A broad look at the workings, types, and applications of fuel cells, Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting 2002, IEEE, vol. 1, 2002, pp. 70-75.
35. S. Pathak, J.N. Das, J. Rangarajan, S.R. Choudhury, R. Prakash, Development of prototype phosphoric acid fuel cell pick-up electric vehicle, IEEE Conference ICEHV '06.
36. M.C. Pera, D. Hissel, J.M. Kauffmann, Fuel cell systems for electrical vehicles, IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2002. VTC Spring 2002.
37. S. Dhameja, Electric vehicle battery systems,(Newnes Press, 2002).
38. X. He, T. Maxwell, M. Parten, Development of a hybrid electric vehicle with a hydrogen-fueled IC engine, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 55 n. 6, 2006, pp. 1693-1703.
39. S. G. Chalk, J.F. Miller, Key challenges and recent progress in batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage for clean energy systems, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 159 n. 1, 2006, pp. 73-80.
40. J. Larminie, J. Lowry, Electric vehicle technology explained,(John Wiley & Sons, ltd, 2003).
41. I. Husain, Electric and hybrid vehicles: design fundamentals,(CRC Press, 2003).
42. J.J. Romm, The hype about hydrogen: fact and fiction in the race to save the climate,(Island Press, 2004).
43. C. Ponce-de-León, A. Frías-Ferrer, J. González-García, D. A. Szánto, F.C. Walsh, Redox flow cells for energy conversion, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 160 n. 1, 2006, pp. 716-732.
44. M.R. Mohamed, S.M. Sharkh, F.C. Walsh, Redox flow batteries for hybrid electric vehicles: progress and challenges, The 5th International IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC'09), 07-11 September 2009, Dearborn, Michigan
45. P.S. Fedkiw, R.W. Watts, A mathematical model for the iron/chromium redox battery, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 131 n. 4, 1984, pp. 701-709.
46. M. Bartolozzi, Development of redox flow batteries: a historical bibliography, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 27 n. 3, 1989, pp. 219-34.
47. H. Zhou, H. Zhang, P. Zhao, B. Yi, A comparative study of carbon felt and activated carbon based electrodes for sodium polysulfide/bromine redox flow battery, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 51 n. 28, 2006, pp. 6304-6312.
48. J.A. Trainham, J. Newman, A comparison between flow-through and flow-by porous electrodes for redox energy storage, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 26 n. 4, 1981, pp. 455-469.
49. W. Kangro, Couples redox liquides, Proceeding 6th ESRO Summer Srhobf Noordwijk Space Power Systems Energy Storage., The Nertherlands
50. L.H. Thaller, Electrically rechargable redox flow cells, U.S. Patent, Editor. 1976.
51. K. Kinoshita, S.C. Leach, Mass-transfer study of carbon felt, flow-through electrode, Journal Electrochemical Society, vol. 129 n. 09/1982, 1982, pp. 1993-1997.
52. M.-Z. Yang, a. H. Wu, J.R. Selman, A model for bipolar current leakage in cell stacks with separate electrolyte loops, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 19, 1989, pp. 247-254.
53. F.C. Walsh, Electrode materials and membranes. 2010, Southampton Electrochemistry Group: Southampton.
54. H. Kaneko, K. Nozaki, Y. Wada, T. Aoki, A. Negishi, M. Kamimoto, Vanadium redox reactions and carbon electrodes for vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 36 n. 7, 1991, pp. 1191-1196.
55. E. Barrado, R. Pardo, Y. Castrillejo, M. Vega, Electrochemical behaviour of vanadium compounds at a carbon paste electrode, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 427 n. 1-2, 1997, pp. 35-42.
56. W.H. Wang, X.D. Wang, Investigation of Ir-modified carbon felt as the positive electrode of an all-vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 52 n. 24, 2007, pp. 6755-6762.
57. S. Eckroad, Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: An In-Depth Analysis. 2007, Electric Power Research Institute: California.
58. D. Pletcher, R. Wills, A novel flow battery: a lead acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead(II). Part II. Flow cell studies, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 6 n. 8, 2004, pp. 1779-1785.
59. T. Mohammadi, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Preparation of sulfonated composite membrane for vanadium redox flow battery applications, Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 107 n. 1-2, 1995, pp. 35-45.
60. C. Jia, J. Liu, C. Yan, A significantly improved membrane for vanadium redox flow battery, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 195 n. 13, 2010, pp. 4380-4383.
61. B. Tian, C.W. Yan, F.H. Wang, Proton conducting composite membrane from Daramic/Nafion for vanadium redox flow battery, Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 234 n. 1-2, 2004, pp. 51-54.
62. Q. Luo, H. Zhang, J. Chen, P. Qian, Y. Zhai, Modification of Nafion membrane using interfacial polymerization for vanadium redox flow battery applications, Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 311 n. 1-2, 2008, pp. 98-103.
63. F. Walsh, Principles of redox flow batteries for large scale energy storage. 2010, Southampton Electrochemistry Group: Southampton.
64. T. Kaizuka, T. Sasaki, Evaluation of control maintaining electric power quality by use of rechargeable battery system, IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001.
65. S.A. Lone, M.u.-D. Mufti, Integrating a redox flow battery system with a wind-diesel power system, International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, 2006. PEDES '06.
66. S. Miyake, N. Tokuda, Vanadium redox-flow battery for a variety of applications, IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001.
67. S.M. Abu Sharkh, G. Griffiths, Energy storage systems for unmanned underwater vehicles, Underwater Technology, vol. 25 n. 3, 2002, pp. 143-148.
68. G. Charlot, Qualitative inorganic analysis,(Thomas Press, 2007).
69. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, C. Menictas, The vanadium redox battery for emergency back-up applications, 19th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1997. INTELEC 97., 19-23 Oct 1997
70. F. Rahman, I.O. Habiballah, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Electrochemical behavior of vanadium electrolyte for vanadium redox battery-a new technology for large scale energy storage systems, Cigre 2004 Session Proceedings, vol.-n. Session, 2004, pp. 1-8.
71. X.G. Li, K.L. Huang, S.Q. Liu, N. Tan, L.Q. Chen, Characteristics of graphite felt electrode electrochemically oxidized for vanadium redox battery application, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 17 n. 1, 2007, pp. 195-199.
72. J.N. Noack, L. Vorhauser, K. Pinkwart, J. Tuebke, Vanadium redox flow batteries: an in-depth analysis, in Society. 2008, Electric Power Research Institute: California. p. 2010-2010.
73. H. Al-Fetlawi, A.A. Shah, F.C. Walsh, Modelling the effects of oxygen evolution in the all-vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 55 n. 9, 2010, pp. 3192-3205.
74. A.A. Shah, H. Al-Fetlawi, F.C. Walsh, Dynamic modelling of hydrogen evolution effects in the all-vanadium redox flow battery, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 55 n. 3, 2010, pp. 1125-1139.
75. A.A. Ivakin, E.M. Voronova, A spectophotometric study of vanadium (IV) sulfate complexes, Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 18 n. 7, 1973, pp. 956.
76. P. Ridley, Cell data, M.R. Mohamed, Editor. 2010, email communication with Peter Ridley (Re-Fuel Technology Ltd, Finchampstead, Wokingham, UK) on 15 July 2010: Southampton.
77. T. Sukkar, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Water transfer behaviour across cation exchange membranes in the vanadium redox battery, Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 222 n. 1-2, 2003, pp. 235-247.
78. T. Mohammadi, S.C. Chieng, M. Skyllas Kazacos, Water transport study across commercial ion exchange membranes in the vanadium redox flow battery, Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 133 n. 2, 1997, pp. 151-159.
79. C. Sun, J. Chen, H. Zhang, X. Han, Q. Luo, Investigations on transfer of water and vanadium ions across Nafion membrane in an operating vanadium redox flow battery, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 195 n. 3, 2010, pp. 890-897.
80. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Recent progress with the USNW vanadium battery, http://www.arizonaenergy.org/Analysis/FuelCell/Vanadium%20 Battery/recent_progress_with_the_unsw_va.htm, Retrieved on 24 Feb 2008, accessed on 07/07/2008.
81. M. Chen, G.A. Rincon-Mora, Accurate electrical battery model capable of predicting runtime and I-V performance, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 21 n. 2, 2006, pp. 504-511.
82. S. Abu-Sharkh, D. Doerffel, Rapid test and non-linear model characterisation of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 130 n. 1-2, 2004, pp. 266-274.
83. R. Kiessling, J. Mills, A battery model for the monitoring of, and corrective action on, lead/acid electric-vehicle batteries, Journal of Power Sources
84. W.A. Lynch, Z.M. Salameh, Electrical component model for a nickel-cadmium electric vehicle traction battery, Piscataway, NJ, USA
85. R.C. Kroeze, P.T. Krein, Electrical battery model for use in dynamic electric vehicle simulations, IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008. PESC 2008.
86. D.W. Dees, V.S. Battaglia, A. Bélanger, Electrochemical modeling of lithium polymer batteries, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 110 n. 2, 2002, pp. 310-320.
87. R. Rao, S. Vrudhula, D.N. Rakhmatov, Battery modeling for energy aware system design, Computer, vol. 36 n. 12, 2003, pp. 77-87.
88. J. Chahwan, C. Abbey, G. Joos, VRB modelling for the study of output terminal voltages, internal losses and performance, IEEE Canada Electrical Power Conference, 2007. EPC 2007.
89. L. Barote, C. Marinescu, M. Georgescu, VRB modeling for storage in stand-alone wind energy systems, PowerTech, 2009 IEEE Bucharest
90. Y. Hu, S. Yurkovich, Y. Guezennec, R. Bornatico, Modelbased calibration for battery characterization in HEV applications, American Control Conference, 2008
91. S. Lazarou, E. Pyrgioti, A.T. Alexandridis, A simple electric circuit model for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 190 n. 2, 2009, pp. 380-386.
92. D. Yu, S. Yuvarajan, Electronic circuit model for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 142 n. 1-2, 2005, pp. 238-242.
93. D. Pletcher, Z. Hantao, G. Kear, C.T.J. Low, F.C. Walsh, R.G.A. Wills, A novel flow battery-a lead-acid battery based on an electrolyte with soluble lead (II). Part VI. studies of the lead dioxide positive electrode, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 180 n. 1, 2008, pp. 630-4.
94. C. Ponce-de-Leon, G.W. Reade, I. Whyte, S.E. Male, F.C. Walsh, Characterization of the reaction environment in a filterpress redox flow reactor, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 52 n. 19, 2007, pp. 5815-5823.
95. G.J.W. Radford, J. Cox, R.G.A. Wills, F.C. Walsh, Electrochemical characterisation of activated carbon particles used in redox flow battery electrodes, Journal of Power Sources, vol. In Press, Accepted Manuscript.
96. C. Menictas, D.R. Hong, Z.H. Yan, Y.J. Wilson, M. Kazacos, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Status of the vanadium redox battery development program, National Conference Publication-Institution of Engineers, Australia, Sydney, USA
97. M. Kazacos, M. Cheng, M. Skyllas-Kazacos, Vanadium redox cell electrolyte optimization studies, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 20, 1990, pp. 463-467.
98. S.S. Williamson, A. Emadi, Comparative assessment of hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicles based on comprehensive well-to wheels efficiency analysis, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 54 n. 3, 2005, pp. 856-862.
99. M. Salman, M.F. Chang, J.Y. Chen, Predictive energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2005. VPPC'05.
100. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, R.G. Robins, All vanadium redox battery, U.S. Patent, Editor. 1986.
101. A.F. Burke, Batteries and ultracapacitors for electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles, Proceedings of the IEEE
102. J. Van Mierlo, P. Van den Bossche, G. Maggetto, Models of energy sources for EV and HEV: fuel cells, batteries, ultracapacitors, flywheels and engine-generators, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 128 n. 1, 2004, pp. 76-89.