Intensive glucose control in diabetics with an acute myocardial infarction does not improve mortality and increases risk of hypoglycemia-a meta-regression analysis

Current Vascular Pharmacology

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 100-104

  Chatterjee, Saurav ^a   Sharma, Abhishek ^a   Lichstein, Edgar ^a   Mukherjee, Debabrata ^b  

^a MAIMONIDES MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Hypoglycemia; Intensive glycemic control; Meta analysis; Mortality; Myocardial infarction; Regression

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FOLLOW UP; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; META ANALYSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REGRESSION ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 84873111642     PISSN: 15701611     EISSN: 18756212     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157016113804547548     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Sinnaeve PR, Steg PG, Fox KA, et al. GRACE Investigators. Association of elevated fasting glucose with increased short-term and 6-month mortality in ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 402-9.
2. Granger CB, Califf RM, Young S, et al. Outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic agents. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21: 920-5.
3. Hasin T, Hochadel M, Gitt AK, Behar S, Bueno H, Hasin Y. Comparison of treatment and outcome of acute coronary syndrome in patients with vs. patients without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103: 772-8.
4. White WB, Bakris GL, Bergenstal RM, et al. EXamination of cArdiovascular outcoMes with alogliptIN vs. standard of carE in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus andacute coronary syndrome (EXAMINE): a cardiovascular safety study of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes with acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J 2011; 162: 620-6.
5. Czyzk A, Kvolewski A, Szablowska S, Alot A, Kopcznski J. Clinical course of myocardial infarction among diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1980; 3: 526-9.
6. Karlson BW, Herlitz J, Hjalmarson A. Prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Diabetic Med 1993; 10: 449-54.
7. Meigs JB, Singer DE, Sullivan LM, et al. Metabolic control and prevalent cardiovascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM): The NIDDM Patient Outcome Research Team. Am J Med 1997; 102: 38-47.
8. Laakso M. Glycemic control and the risk for coronary heart disease in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Finnish studies. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124(1 Pt 2): 127-30.
9. Adlerberth AM, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Diabetes and longterm risk of mortality from coronary and other causes in middleaged Swedish men. A general population study. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 539-45.
10. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 434-44.
11. Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet 2000; 355: 773-8.
12. Wahab NN, Cowden EA, Pearce NJ, Gardner MJ, Merry H, Cox JL. Is blood glucose an independent predictor of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era? J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 1748-54.
13. Suleiman M, Hammerman H, Boulos M, et al. Fasting glucose is an important independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study. Circulation 2005; 111: 754-60.
14. Stranders I, Diamant M, van Gelder RE, et al. Admission blood glucose level as risk indicator of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 982-8.
15. de Mulder M, Cornel JH, van der Ploeg T, Boersma E, Umans VA. Elevated admission glucose is associated with increased long-term mortality in myocardial infarction patients, irrespective of the initially applied reperfusion strategy. Am Heart J 2010; 160: 412-9.
16. Goyal A, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, et al. Prognostic significance of the change in glucose level in the first 24 h after acute myocardial infarction: results from the CARDINAL study. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 1289-97.
17. Jain SK, Nagi DK, Slavin BM, Lumb PJ, Yudkin JS. Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic subjects suppresses plasminogcn activator inhibitor (PAl-I) activity and proinsulin-like molecules independently of glycaemic control. Diabetic Med 1993; 10: 27-32.
18. Davì G, Catalano I, Averna M, et al. Thromboxane biosynthesis and platelet function in type II diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1769-74.
19. Rodrigues B, McNeill JH. The diabetic heart: metabolic causes for the development of a cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 1992; 26: 913-22.
20. Rackley C, Russel R, Rogers W, Mantle J, McDaniel H, Papapietro S. Clinical experience with glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1981; 102: 1038-49.
21. Vague D, Raccah D, Juhan-Vaguc I. Hemobiology, vascular disease and diabetes with special reference to impaired fibrinolysis. Metabolism 1992; 41 (Suppl): 2-6.
22. Malmberg K, Rydén L, Efendic S, et al. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 57-65.
23. Malmberg K, Rydén L, Wedel H, et al. DIGAMI 2 Investigators. Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 650-61.
24. Cheung NW, Wong VW, McLean M. The Hyperglycemia: Intensive Insulin Infusion in Infarction (HI-5) study: a randomized controlled trial of insulin infusion therapy for myocardial infarction. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 765-70.
25. Marfella R, Di Filippo C, Portoghese M, et al. Tight glycemic control reduces heart inflammation and remodeling during acute myocardial infarction in hyperglycemic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 1425-36.
26. de Mulder M, Oemrawsingh RM, Stam F, Boersma E, Umans VA. Current management of hyperglycemia in acute coronary syndromes: a national Dutch survey. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2009; 8: 66-70.
27. Kosiborod M, Rathore SS, Inzucchi SE, et al. Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes. Circulation 2005; 111: 3078-86.
28. Bolk J, van der Ploeg T, Cornel JH, Arnold AE, Sepers J, Umans VA. Impaired glucose metabolism predicts mortality after a myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2001; 79: 207-14.
29. Norhammar A, Tenerz A, Nilsson G, et al. Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Lancet 2002; 359: 2140-4.
30. Tenerz A, Norhammar A, Silveira A, et al. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction without previously known diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 2770-6.
31. Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC Jr, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2009 Focused Updates: ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (updating the 2004 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (updating the 2005 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2009; 120: 2271-306.
32. Hamsten A, de Faire U, Walldius G, et al. Plasminogen activator in plasma: risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction. Lancet 1987; 2: 3-9.
33. Stone PH, Muller JE, Hartwell T, et al. The effect of diabetes mellitus on prognosis and serial left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: contribution of both coronary disease and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction to the adverse prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 49-57.
34. Barbash GI, White HD, Modan M, van de Werf F. Significance of diabetes mellitus in patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving thrombolytic therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 707-13.
35. Barradas MA, Mikhailidis DP, Dandona P. The effect of nonesterified fatty acids on vascular ADP-degrading enzyme activity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1987; 3: 9-19.
36. Mikhailidis DP, Mikhailidis AM, Barradas MA, Dandona P. Effect of non-esterified fatty acids on the stability of prostacyclin activity. Metabolism 1983; 32: 717-21.
37. Mustard JF, Packham MA. Platelets and diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1977; 297: 1345-7.
38. Groeneveld AB, Beishuizen A, Visser FC. Insulin: a wonder drug in the critically ill? Crit Care 2002; 6: 102-5.
39. Van den Berghe GH. Role of intravenous insulin therapy in critically ill patients. Endocr Pract 2004; 10 (Suppl 2): 17-20.
40. Das UN. Is insulin an antiinflammatory molecule? Nutrition 2001; 17: 409-13.
41. Das UN. Insulin: an endogenous cardioprotector. Curr Opin Crit Care 2003; 9: 375-83.
42. van der Horst IC, Zijlstra F, van 't Hof AW, et al. Zwolle Infarct Study Group. Glucose-insulin-potassium infusion inpatients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: the glucose-insulin-potassium study: a randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 784-91.
43. Parikh SV, Abdullah SM, Keeley EC, et al. Effect of glucoseinsulin-potassium (GIK) infusion on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): insight into the failure of GIK. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2007; 4: 222-5.
44. Díaz R, Goyal A, Mehta SR, et al. Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JAMA 2007; 298: 2399-405.
45. Mehta SR, Yusuf S, Díaz R, et al. CREATE-ECLA Trial Group Investigators. Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the CREATE-ECLA randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 293: 437-46.
46. Heller SR. Cardiac arrhythmias in hypoglycaemia. Diabetes Nutr Metab 2002; 15: 461-5.
47. Lindström T, Jorfeldt L, Tegler L, Arnqvist HJ. Hypoglycaemia and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1992; 9: 536-41.
48. Duh E, Feinglos M. Hypoglycaemia-induced angina pectoris in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 945-6.
49. Pladziewicz DS, Nesto RW. Hypoglycaemia-induced silent myocardial ischaemia. Am J Cardiol 1989; 63: 1531-2.
50. Fisher M. Impact of hypoglycaemia on coronary artery disease and hypertension. Diabetes Nutr Metab 2002; 15: 456-9.
51. Service FJ. Hypoglycemic disorders. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1144-52.
52. Malmberg K. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study Group. BMJ 1997; 314: 1512-5.
53. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al. Cochrane Bias Methods Group; Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011; 343: d5928.
54. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2009; 6: e1000100.
55. Higgins JPT, Green S, Eds. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Wiley, 2008.
56. Hutton RA, Mikhailidis D, Dormandy KM, Ginsburg J. Platelet aggregation studies during transient hypoglycaemia: a potential method for evaluating platelet function. J Clin Pathol 1979; 32: 434-8.
57. Trovati M, Anfossi G, Mularoni E, et al. Desensitization of the platelet aggregation response to adrenaline during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in man. Diabet Med 1990; 7: 414-9.
58. Takeda H, Kishikawa H, Shinohara M, et al. Effect of alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist on platelet activation during insulininduced hypoglycaemia in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1988; 31: 657-63.
59. Mikhailidis DP, Barradas MA, Hutton RA, Jeremy JY, Sabur M, Dandona P. The effect of non-specific beta-blockade on metabolic and haemostatic variables during hypoglycaemia. Diabetes Res 1985; 2: 127-34.
60. Monnier LH, Lachkar H, Richard JL, Colette C, Borgel D, Orsetti A, Mirouze J. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin response to insulininduced hypoglycemia in type I diabetic patients. Diabetes 1984; 33: 907-9.
61. Dalsgaard-Nielsen J, Madsbad S, Hilsted J. Changes in platelet function, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in juvenile diabetics and normal subjects. Thromb Haemost 1982; 47: 254-8.
62. Pinto DS, Kirtane AJ, Pride YB, et al. CLARITY-TIMI 28 Investigators. Association of blood glucose with angiographic and clinical outcomes among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (from the CLARITY-TIMI-28 study). Am J Cardiol 2008; 101: 303-7.