Comparison of ischemic stroke outcomes and patient and hospital characteristics by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status

Stroke

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 469-476

  Hanchate, Amresh D ^a,b   Schwamm, Lee H ^c   Huang, Wei ^d   Hylek, Elaine M ^b,e  

^a VA BOSTON HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

ethnicity; inpatient mortality; ischemic stroke; length of stay; race; risk factors; socioeconomic status

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; ETHNICITY; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HISPANIC; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INCOME; LENGTH OF STAY; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MINORITY GROUP; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL STATUS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; COHORT STUDIES; CONTINENTAL POPULATION GROUPS; ETHNIC GROUPS; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; STROKE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84872955429     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: 15244628     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.669341     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. NHLBI. Morbidity & Mortality: 2009 Chart Book on Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2009.
2. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125:e2-e220.
3. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2010: With Special Feature on Death and Dying. Hyattsville, Maryland: Prevention City; 2011.
4. Broderick JP, Ferioli S. Assessing stroke incidence and mortality across the United States. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:595-596.
5. Howard VJ, Kleindorfer DO, Judd SE, McClure LA, Safford MM, Rhodes JD, et al. Disparities in stroke incidence contributing to disparities in stroke mortality. Ann Neurol. 2011;69:619-627.
6. Kissela B, Schneider A, Kleindorfer D, Khoury J, Miller R, Alwell K, et al. Stroke in a biracial population: the excess burden of stroke among blacks. Stroke. 2004;35:426-431.
7. Kleindorfer D, Broderick J, Khoury J, Flaherty M, Woo D, Alwell K, et al. The unchanging incidence and case-fatality of stroke in the 1990s: a population-based study. Stroke. 2006;37:2473-2478.
8. Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, Wang CH, McGovern PG, Howard G, et al. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke. 1999;30:736-743.
9. Morgenstern LB, Smith MA, Lisabeth LD, Risser JM, Uchino K, Garcia N, et al. Excess stroke in Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic Whites: the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:376-383.
10. White H, Boden-Albala B, Wang C, Elkind MS, Rundek T, Wright CB, et al. Ischemic stroke subtype incidence among whites, blacks, and Hispanics: the Northern Manhattan Study. Circulation. 2005;111:1327-1331.
11. Sacco RL, Boden-Albala B, Gan R, Chen X, Kargman DE, Shea S, et al. Stroke incidence among white, black, and Hispanic residents of an urban community: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:259-268.
12. Schwamm LH, Reeves MJ, Pan W, Smith EE, Frankel MR, Olson D, et al. Race/ethnicity, quality of care, and outcomes in ischemic stroke. Circulation. 2010;121:1492-1501.
13. Xian Y, Holloway RG, Noyes K, Shah MN, Friedman B. Racial differences in mortality among patients with acute ischemic stroke: an observational study. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:152-159.
14. Stansbury JP, Jia H, Williams LS, Vogel WB, Duncan PW. Ethnic disparities in stroke: epidemiology, acute care, and postacute outcomes. Stroke. 2005;36:374-386.
15. Kuhlemeier KV, Stiens SA. Racial disparities in severity of cerebrovascular events. Stroke. 1994;25:2126-2131.
16. Lisabeth LD, Risser JM, Brown DL, Al-Senani F, Uchino K, Smith MA, et al. Stroke burden in Mexican Americans: the impact of mortality following stroke. Ann Epidemiol. 2006;16:33-40.
17. Schoenman JA, Sutton JP, Kintala S, Love D, Maw R. The Value of Hospital Discharge Databases. Chicago, IL: NORC at the University of Chicago; 2005.
18. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Profile of the United States: 2000 (Internet Release). Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau; 2008.
19. American Hospital Association. AHA Annual Survey Database. Chicago, IL: American Hospital Association; 2010.
20. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Guide to Inpatient Quality Indicators: Quality of Care in Hospitals - Volume, Mortality and Utilization. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2011.
21. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, et al American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:e18-e209.
22. Goldstein LB, Samsa GP, Matchar DB, Horner RD. Charlson Index comorbidity adjustment for ischemic stroke outcome studies. Stroke. 2004;35:1941-1945.
23. Federal Registrar. Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Federal Registrar. 1997;62:58781-58790
24. Jha AK, Fisher ES, Li Z, Orav EJ, Epstein AM. Racial trends in the use of major procedures among the elderly. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:683-691.
25. Skinner J, Weinstein JN, Sporer SM, Wennberg JE. Racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in rates of knee arthroplasty among Medicare patients. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1350-1359.
26. Birkmeyer JD, Dimick JB, Birkmeyer NJ. Measuring the quality of surgical care: structure, process, or outcomes? J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198:626-632.
27. Horner RD, Sloane RJ, Kahn KL. Is use of mechanical ventilation a reasonable proxy indicator for coma among Medicare patients hospitalized for acute stroke? Health Serv Res. 1998;32:841-859.
28. Markus HS, Khan U, Birns J, Evans A, Kalra L, Rudd AG, et al. Differences in stroke subtypes between black and white patients with stroke: the South London Ethnicity and Stroke Study. Circulation. 2007;116:2157-2164.
29. Hajat C, Tilling K, Stewart JA, Lemic-Stojcevic N, Wolfe CD. Ethnic differences in risk factors for ischemic stroke: a European case-control study. Stroke. 2004;35:1562-1567.
30. Polsky D, Lave J, Klusaritz H, Jha A, Pauly MV, Cen L, et al. Is lower 30-day mortality posthospital admission among blacks unique to the Veterans Affairs health care system? Med Care. 2007;45:1083-1089.
31. Volpp KG, Stone R, Lave JR, Jha AK, Pauly M, Klusaritz H, et al. Is thirty-day hospital mortality really lower for black veterans compared with white veterans? Health Serv Res. 2007;42:1613-1631.
32. Wolfe CD, Smeeton NC, Coshall C, Tilling K, Rudd AG. Survival differences after stroke in a multiethnic population: follow-up study with the South London stroke register. BMJ. 2005;331:431.
33. Cox AM, McKevitt C, Rudd AG, Wolfe CD. Socioeconomic status and stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:181-188.
34. Saposnik G, Jeerakathil T, Selchen D, Baibergenova A, Hachinski V, Kapral MK; Stroke Outcome Research Canada Working Group. Socioeconomic status, hospital volume, and stroke fatality in Canada. Stroke. 2008;39:3360-3366.
35. Fiscella K, Franks P, Gold MR, Clancy CM. Inequality in quality: addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care. J Am Med Assoc. 2000;283:2579-2584.
36. Gornick ME, Eggers PW, Reilly TW, Mentnech RM, Fitterman LK, Kucken LE, et al. Effects of race and income on mortality and use of services among Medicare beneficiaries. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:791-799.
37. Borrell LN, Diez Roux AV, Rose K, Catellier D, Clark BL; Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Neighbourhood characteristics and mortality in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:398-407.
38. van Straten A, van der Meulen JH, van den Bos GA, Limburg M. Length of hospital stay and discharge delays in stroke patients. Stroke. 1997;28:137-140.
39. Schoenman JA, Sutton JP, Elixhauser A, Love D. Understanding and enhancing the value of hospital discharge data. Med Care Res Rev. 2007;64:449-468.
40. Goldstein LB. Accuracy of ICD-9-CM coding for the identification of patients with acute ischemic stroke: effect of modifier codes. Stroke. 1998;29:1602-1604.
41. Krieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE. Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health. 1997;18:341-378.