Excess Mortality, Causes of Death and Life Expectancy in 270,770 Patients with Recent Onset of Mental Disorders in Denmark, Finland and Sweden

PLoS ONE

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Nordentoft, Merete ^a,b   Wahlbeck, Kristian ^b,d   Hällgren, Jonas ^c   Westman, Jeanette ^b,c   Ösby, Urban ^c   Alinaghizadeh, Hassan ^c   Gissler, Mika ^b,d   Laursen, Thomas Munk ^b,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b NORDIC SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Sweden)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^d NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^e AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENMARK; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; MORTALITY; PERSONALITY DISORDER; POPULATION RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUICIDE; SWEDEN;

CAUSE OF DEATH; DENMARK; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMANS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; REGISTRIES; SWEDEN;

EID: 84872871775     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055176     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Druss BG, Zhao L, Von ES, Morrato EH, Marcus SC, (2011) Understanding Excess Mortality in Persons With Mental Illness: 17-Year Follow Up of a Nationally Representative US Survey. Med Care 49: 599-604.
2. Brown S, (1997) Excess mortality of schizophrenia. A meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 171: 502-508.
3. Kisely S, Smith M, Lawrence D, Maaten S, (2005) Mortality in individuals who have had psychiatric treatment: population-based study in Nova Scotia. Br J Psychiatry 187: 552-558.
4. Lawrence DM, Holman CD, Jablensky AV, Hobbs MS, (2003) Death rate from ischaemic heart disease in Western Australian psychiatric patients 1980-1998. Br J Psychiatry 182: 31-36.
5. Cuijpers P, Smit F, (2002) Excess mortality in depression: a meta-analysis of community studies. J Affect Disord 72: 227-236.
6. Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB, (2007) Increased mortality among patients admitted with major psychiatric disorders: a register-based study comparing mortality in unipolar depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 68: 899-907.
7. Brown S, Inskip H, Barraclough B, (2000) Causes of the excess mortality of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 177: 212-217.
8. Joukamaa M, Heliovaara M, Knekt P, Aromaa A, Raitasalo R, et al. (2001) Mental disorders and cause-specific mortality. Br J Psychiatry 179: 498-502.
9. Saha S, Chant D, McGrath J, (2007) A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time? Arch Gen Psychiatry 64: 1123-1131.
10. Lawrence D, Jablensky AV, Holman CD, Pinder TJ, (2000) Mortality in Western Australian psychiatric patients. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 35: 341-347.
11. Lawrence D, Kisely S, Pais J, (2010) The epidemiology of excess mortality in people with mental illness. Can J Psychiatry 55: 752-760.
12. Hoang U, Stewart R, Goldacre MJ, (2011) Mortality after hospital discharge for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: retrospective study of linked English hospital episode statistics, 1999-2006. BMJ 343: d5422.
13. Laursen TM, Nordentoft M, (2011) Heart disease treatment and mortality in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder- changes in the Danish population between 1994 and 2006. J Psychiatr Res 45: 29-35.
14. Wahlbeck K, Westman J, Nordentoft M, Gissler M, Laursen TM (2011) Outcomes of Nordic mental health systems: life expectancy of patients with mental disorders. Br J Psychiatry.
15. Palmer BA, Pankratz VS, Bostwick JM, (2005) The lifetime risk of suicide in schizophrenia: a reexamination. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 247-253.
16. Nordentoft M, Laursen TM, Agerbo E, Qin P, Hoyer EH, et al. (2004) Change in suicide rates for patients with schizophrenia in Denmark, 1981-97: nested case-control study. BMJ 329: 261-266.
17. Brown S, Kim M, Mitchell C, Inskip H, (2010) Twenty-five year mortality of a community cohort with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 196: 116-121.
18. De Hert M, McKenzie K, Peuskens J, (2001) Risk factors for suicide in young people suffering from schizophrenia: a long-term follow-up study. Schizophr Res 47: 127-134.
19. Mors O, Perto GP, Mortensen PB, (2011) The danish psychiatric central research register. Scand J Public Health 39: 54-57.
20. Juel K, Helweg-Larsen K, (1999) The Danish registers of causes of death. Dan Med Bull 46: 354-357.
21. Keskimaki I, Aro S, (1991) The accuracy of data on diagnoses, procedures and accidents in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Int J Health Services 2: 15-21.
22. Lahti RA, Penttila A (2001) The validity of death certificates: routine validation of death certification and its effects on mortality statistics. Forensic Sci Int 115: 15-32. S0379-0738(00)00300-5 [pii].
23. Socialstyrelsen (2009) Kvalitet och innehåll i patientregistret. Utskrivningar från slutenvården 1964-2007 och besök i specialiserad öppenvård (exklusive primärvårdsbesök) 1997-2007. Stockholm.
24. NOMESCO (2009) Health Statistics in the Nordic Countries 2007. http://nomesco-eng.nom-nos.dk/default.asp?side=189., Accessed December 28, 2012.
25. European Community Health Indicator Monitoring (2011) http://www.healthindicators.eu/healthindicators/object_document/o6109n29136.html.Accessed December 28, 2012.
26. Dutta R, Murray RM, Allardyce J, Jones PB, Boydell J (2010) Early risk factors for suicide in an epidemiological first episode psychosis cohort. Schizophr Res.
27. Qin P, Nordentoft M, (2005) Suicide risk in relation to psychiatric hospitalization: evidence based on longitudinal registers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 427-432.
28. Rantanen H, Koivisto AM, Salokangas RK, Helminen M, Oja H, et al. (2009) Five-year mortality of Finnish schizophrenia patients in the era of deinstitutionalization. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 44: 135-142.
29. Inskip HM, Harris EC, Barraclough B, (1998) Lifetime risk of suicide for affective disorder, alcoholism and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 172: 35-37.
30. Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, (2011) Absolute risk of suicide after first hospital contact in mental disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68: 1058-1064.
31. World Health Organization (2005) Mental health: facing the challenges, building solutions. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
32. Laursen TM, (2011) Life expectancy among persons with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. Schizophr Res 131: 101-104.
33. De Hert M, Correll CU, Bobes J, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Cohen D, et al. (2011) Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care. World Psychiatry 10: 52-77.
34. De Hert M, Dekker JM, Wood D, Kahl KG, Holt RI, et al. (2009) Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in people with severe mental illness position statement from the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), supported by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Psychiatry 24: 412-424.
35. Brown S, Mitchell C (2011) Predictors of death from natural causes in schizophrenia: 10-year follow-up of a community cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol.
36. Brown S, Birtwistle J, Roe L, Thompson C, (1999) The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia. Psychol Med 29: 697-701.
37. Osborn DP, Nazareth I, King MB, (2007) Physical activity, dietary habits and Coronary Heart Disease risk factor knowledge amongst people with severe mental illness: a cross sectional comparative study in primary care. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42: 787-793.
38. Bobes J, Arango C, Garcia-Garcia M, Rejas J, (2010) Healthy lifestyle habits and 10-year cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: an analysis of the impact of smoking tobacco in the CLAMORS schizophrenia cohort. Schizophr Res 119: 101-109.
39. Compton MT, Daumit GL, Druss BG, (2006) Cigarette smoking and overweight/obesity among individuals with serious mental illnesses: a preventive perspective. Harv Rev Psychiatry 14: 212-222.
40. Daumit GL, Goldberg RW, Anthony C, Dickerson F, Brown CH, et al. (2005) Physical activity patterns in adults with severe mental illness. J Nerv Ment Dis 193: 641-646. 00005053-200510000-00001 [pii].
41. Newcomer JW, Sernyak MJ, (2007) Identifying metabolic risks with antipsychotics and monitoring and management strategies. J Clin Psychiatry 68: e17.
42. Daumit GL, Goff DC, Meyer JM, Davis VG, Nasrallah HA, et al. (2008) Antipsychotic effects on estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk in the CATIE schizophrenia study. Schizophr Res 105: 175-187.
43. Green AI, Patel JK, Goisman RM, Allison DB, Blackburn G, (2000) Weight gain from novel antipsychotic drugs: need for action. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 22: 224-235.
44. Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Agerbo E, Gasse C, Mortensen PB, (2009) Somatic hospital contacts, invasive cardiac procedures, and mortality from heart disease in patients with severe mental disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66: 713-720.
45. Kisely S, Smith M, Lawrence D, Cox M, Campbell LA, et al. (2007) Inequitable access for mentally ill patients to some medically necessary procedures. CMAJ 176: 779-784.
46. Osborn DP, Nazareth I, Wright CA, King MB, (2010) Impact of a nurse-led intervention to improve screening for cardiovascular risk factors in people with severe mental illnesses. Phase-two cluster randomised feasibility trial of community mental health teams. BMC Health Serv Res 10: 61.
47. Hansen T, Ingason A, Djurovic S, Melle I, Fenger M, et al. (2011) At-Risk Variant in TCF7L2 for Type II Diabetes Increases Risk of Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry.
48. Dixon LB, Dickerson F, Bellack AS, Bennett M, Dickinson D, et al. (2010) The 2009 schizophrenia PORT psychosocial treatment recommendations and summary statements. Schizophr Bull 36: 48-70.
49. Lindahl ML, Ojehagen A, Berglund M, (2010) Commitment to coercive care in relation to substance abuse reports to the social services. A 2-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry 64: 372-376.
50. Osby U, Brandt L, Correia N, Ekbom A, Sparen P, (2001) Excess mortality in bipolar and unipolar disorder in Sweden. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58: 844-850.
51. Osby U, Correia N, Brandt L, Ekbom A, Sparen P, (2000) Mortality and causes of death in schizophrenia in Stockholm county, Sweden. Schizophr Res 45: 21-28.
52. Kisely S, Campbell LA, Wang Y, (2009) Treatment of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals with psychosis under universal healthcare. Br J Psychiatry 195: 545-550.
53. Lawrence D, Holman CD, Jablensky AV, Threlfall TJ, Fuller SA, (2000) Excess cancer mortality in Western Australian psychiatric patients due to higher case fatality rates. Acta Psychiatr Scand 101: 382-388.
54. Lawrence D, Kisely S, (2010) Inequalities in healthcare provision for people with severe mental illness. J Psychopharmacol 24: 61-68.