Systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of genital warts

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Patel, Harshila ^a   Wagner, Monika ^a   Singhal, Puneet ^b   Kothari, Smita ^b  

^a LA SER Analytics   (Canada)

^b MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Anogenital warts; Condylomata acuminate; Epidemiology; Incidence; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICA; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT; HUMAN; LIFE HISTORY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; POPULATION RISK; RECURRENT INFECTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCHOOL CHILD; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL HEALTH; SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA; SOUTH ASIA; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; WORLD HEALTH; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84872797670     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-39     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Gross G, Pfister H. Role of human papillomavirus in penile cancer, penile intraepithelial squamous cell neoplasias and in genital warts. Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 2004, 193:35-44.
2. Insinga RP, Dasbach EJ, Myers ER. The health and economic burden of genital warts in a set of private health plans in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2003, 36:1397-1403. 10.1086/375074, 12766834.
3. Castellsague X, Ghaffari A, Daniel RW, Bosch FX, Munoz N, Shah KV. Prevalence of penile human papillomavirus DNA in husbands of women with and without cervical neoplasia: a study in Spain and Colombia. J Infect Dis 1997, 176:353-361. 10.1086/514052, 9237700.
4. Tay EH, Garland S, Tang G, Nolan T, Huang LM, Orloski L, Lu S, Barr E. Clinical trial experience with prophylactic HPV 6/11/16/18 VLP vaccine in young women from the Asia-Pacific region. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008, 102:275-283. 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.03.021, 18555997.
5. Giuliano AR, Tortolero-Luna G, Ferrer E, Burchell AN, de Sanjose S, Kjaer SK, Munoz N, Schiffman M, Bosch FX. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection in men, cancers other than cervical and benign conditions. Vaccine 2008, 26(Suppl 10):K17-K28.
6. Lacey CJ, Lowndes CM, Shah KV. Chapter 4: Burden and management of non-cancerous HPV-related conditions: HPV-6/11 disease. Vaccine 2006, 24(Suppl 3):35-41.
7. Arima Y, Winer RL, Feng Q, Hughes JP, Lee SK, Stern ME, O'Reilly SF, Koutsky LA. Development of genital warts after incident detection of human papillomavirus infection in young men. J Infect Dis 2010, 202:1181-1184. 10.1086/656368, 20812849.
8. Anic GM, Lee JH, Stockwell H, Rollison DE, Wu Y, Papenfuss MR, Villa LL, Lazcano-Ponce E, Gage C, Silva RJ, Baggio ML, Quiterio M, Salmeron J, Abrahamsen M, Giuliano AR. Incidence and human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution of genital warts in a multinational cohort of men: The HPV in men study. J Infect Dis 2011, 204:1886-1892. 10.1093/infdis/jir652, 3209812, 22013227.
9. Garland SM, Steben M, Sings HL, James M, Lu S, Railkar R, Barr E, Haupt RM, Joura EA. Natural history of genital warts: analysis of the placebo arm of 2 randomized phase III trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine. J Infect Dis 2009, 199:805-814. 10.1086/597071, 19199546.
10. Graziottin A, Serafini A. HPV infection in women: psychosexual impact of genital warts and intraepithelial lesions. J Sex Med 2009, 6:633-645. 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01151.x, 19170869.
11. Maw RD, Reitano M, Roy M. An international survey of patients with genital warts: perceptions regarding treatment and impact on lifestyle. Int J STD AIDS 1998, 9:571-578. 10.1258/0956462981921143, 9819106.
12. Tzellos TG, Sardeli C, Lallas A, Papazisis G, Chourdakis M, Kouvelas D. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of green tea catechins in the treatment of external anogenital warts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011, 25:345-353. 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03796.x, 21294779.
13. Kodner CM, Nasraty S. Management of genital warts. Am Fam Physician 2004, 70:2335-2342.
14. Brodell LA, Mercurio MG, Brodell RT. The diagnosis and treatment of human papillomavirus-mediated genital lesions. Cutis 2007, 79:5-10.
15. von Krogh G, Lacey CJ, Gross G, Barrasso R, Schneider A. European guideline for the management of anogenital warts. Int J STD AIDS 2001, 12(Suppl 3):40-47.
16. Scheinfeld N, Lehman DS. An evidence-based review of medical and surgical treatments of genital warts. Dermatol Online J 2006, 12:5.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. MMWR 2006, 55(No.RR-11):62-67. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
18. Wiley DJ, Douglas J, Beutner K, Cox T, Fife K, Moscicki AB, Fukumoto L. External genital warts: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clin Infect Dis 2002, 35(Suppl 2):S210-S224.
19. Giuliano AR, Palefsky JM, Goldstone S, Moreira ED, Penny ME, Aranda C, Vardas E, Moi H, Jessen H, Hillman R, Chang YH, Ferris D, Rouleau D, Bryan J, Marshall JB, Vuocolo S, Barr E, Radley D, Haupt RM, Guris D. Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV infection and disease in males. N Engl J Med 2011, 364:401-411. 10.1056/NEJMoa0909537, 3495065, 21288094.
20. Munoz N, Kjaer SK, Sigurdsson K, Iversen OE, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, Perez G, Brown DR, Koutsky LA, Tay EH, Garcia PJ, Ault KA, Garland SM, Leodolter S, Olsson SE, Tang GW, Ferris DG, Paavonen J, Steben M, Bosch FX, Dillner J, Huh WK, Joura EA, Kurman RJ, Majewski S, Myers ER, Villa LL, Taddeo FJ, Roberts C, Tadesse A, et al. Impact of human papillomavirus (HPV)-6/11/16/18 vaccine on all HPV-associated genital diseases in young women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010, 102:325-339. 10.1093/jnci/djp534, 20139221.
21. Johnston A, Fernando D, MacBride-Stewart G. Sexually transmitted infections in New Zealand in 2003. N Z Med J 2005, 118:U1347.
22. Fairley CK, Donovan B. What can surveillance of genital warts tell us?. Sex Health 2010, 7:325-327. 10.1071/SH09145, 20719222.
23. Scarbrough Lefebvre CD, Van KG, Goncalves MA, de Sanjose S. Appraisal of the burden of genital warts from a healthcare and individual patient perspective. Public Health 2011, 125:464-475. 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.01.016, 21722930.
24. Syrjanen KJ. Annual disease burden due to human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 and 11 infections in Finland. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 2009, 107:3-32.
25. Colon-Lopez V, Ortiz AP, Palefsky J. Burden of human papillomavirus infection and related comorbidities in men: implications for research, disease prevention and health promotion among Hispanic men. P R Health Sci J 2010, 29:232-240. 3038604, 20799510.
26. Insinga RP, Dasbach EJ, Elbasha EH. Epidemiologic natural history and clinical management of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Disease: a critical and systematic review of the literature in the development of an HPV dynamic transmission model. BMC Infect Dis 2009, 9:119. 10.1186/1471-2334-9-119, 2728100, 19640281.
27. Pirotta M, Stein AN, Conway EL, Harrison C, Britt H, Garland S. Genital warts incidence and health care resource utilisation in Australia. Sex Transm Infect 2010, 86:181-186. 10.1136/sti.2009.040188, 19965802.
28. Vittori G, Matteelli A, Boselli F, Naldi L. A new approach to estimate Genital Warts incidence and prevalence in the Italian general female population. It J Gynaecol Obstet 2008, 20:33-42.
29. Castellsague X, Cohet C, Puig-Tintore LM, Acebes LO, Salinas J, San Martin M, Breitscheidel L, Remy V. Epidemiology and cost of treatment of genital warts in Spain. Eur J Public Health 2009, 19:106-110.
30. Lin C, Lau JT, Ho KM, Lau MC, Tsui HY, Lo KK. Incidence of genital warts among the Hong Kong general adult population. BMC Infect Dis 2010, 10:272. 10.1186/1471-2334-10-272, 2949760, 20849578.
31. Steben M, Ouhoummane N, Rodier C, Senecal M. Epidemiology of genital warts in Quebec, Canada, 1998-2007. Abstract presented at the 27th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop; 2011 Sept 17-22 2011, Berlin.
32. Marra F, Ogilvie G, Colley L, Kliewer E, Marra CA. Epidemiology and costs associated with genital warts in Canada. Sex Transm Infect 2009, 85:111-115.
33. Kliewer EV, Demers AA, Elliott L, Lotocki R, Butler JR, Brisson M. Twenty-year trends in the incidence and prevalence of diagnosed anogenital warts in Canada. Sex Transm Dis 2009, 36:380-386. 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318198de8c, 19556932.
34. Kraut AA, Schink T, Schulze-Rath R, Mikolajczyk RT, Garbe E. Incidence of anogenital warts in Germany: a population-based cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2010, 10:360. 10.1186/1471-2334-10-360, 3022833, 21182757.
35. Hoy T, Singhal PK, Willey VJ, Insinga RP. Assessing incidence and economic burden of genital warts with data from a US commercially insured population. Curr Med Res Opin 2009, 25:2343-2351. 10.1185/03007990903136378, 19650749.
36. Koshiol JE, Laurent SA, Pimenta JM. Rate and predictors of new genital warts claims and genital warts-related healthcare utilization among privately insured patients in the United States. Sex Transm Dis 2004, 31:748-752. 10.1097/01.olq.0000145851.76025.ad, 15608590.
37. Hillemanns P, Breugelmans JG, Gieseking F, Benard S, Lamure E, Littlewood K, Petry KU. Estimation of the incidence of genital warts and the cost of illness in Germany: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2008, 8:76. 10.1186/1471-2334-8-76, 2438362, 18518976.
38. Desai S, Wetten S, Woodhall SC, Peters L, Hughes G, Soldan K. Genital warts and cost of care in England. Sex Transm Infect 2011, 464-468.
39. van den Broek IV, Verheij RA, van Dijk CE, Koedijk FD, van der Sande MA, van Bergen JE. Trends in sexually transmitted infections in the Netherlands, combining surveillance data from general practices and sexually transmitted infection centers. BMC Fam Pract 2010, 11:39. 10.1186/1471-2296-11-39, 2886004, 20487552.
40. Cassell JA, Mercer CH, Sutcliffe L, Petersen I, Islam A, Brook MG, Ross JD, Kinghorn GR, Simms I, Hughes G, Majeed A, Stephenson JM, Johnson AM, Hayward AC. Trends in sexually transmitted infections in general practice 1990-2000: population based study using data from the UK general practice research database. BMJ 2006, 332:332-334. 10.1136/bmj.38726.404120.7C, 1363910, 16439371.
41. Pasciullo G, Costa S, Salfa MC, Pasqua A. Epidemiology of genital warts reported by general practitioners in Italy. Abstract presented at the 27th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop; 2011 Sept 17-22 2011, Berlin.
42. Sasagawa T, Ito F, Ideta K, Irie T. Estimation of the incidence of HPV related diseases in Japan (J-Hers). Abstract presented at the 27th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop; 2011 Sept 17-22 2011, Berlin.
43. Monsonego J, Breugelmans JG, Bouee S, Lafuma A, Benard S, Remy V. [Anogenital warts incidence, medical management and costs in women consulting gynaecologists in France]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2007, 35:107-113. 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.12.010, 17270482.
44. Nyitray A, Nielson CM, Harris RB, Flores R, Abrahamsen M, Dunne EF, Giuliano AR. Prevalence of and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in heterosexual men. J Infect Dis 2008, 197:1676-1684. 10.1086/588145, 18426367.
45. Vaccarella S, Lazcano-Ponce E, Castro-Garduno JA, Cruz-Valdez A, Diaz V, Schiavon R, Hernandez P, Kornegay JR, Hernandez-Avila M, Franceschi S. Prevalence and determinants of human papillomavirus infection in men attending vasectomy clinics in Mexico. Int J Cancer 2006, 119:1934-1939. 10.1002/ijc.21992, 16708372.
46. Lee CB, Choe HS, Hwang SJ, Lee SJ, Cho YH. Epidemiological characteristics of genital herpes and condyloma acuminata in patients presenting to urologic and gynecologic clinics in Korea. J Infect Chemother 2010, 351-357.
47. Mariani L, Salfa MC, Timelli L, Biasio LR. Prevalence of genital warts in the Italian general female population. Abstract presented at the 27th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop; 2011 Sept 17-22 2011, Berlin.
48. Sellors JW, Mahony JB, Kaczorowski J, Lytwyn A, Bangura H, Chong S, Lorincz A, Dalby DM, Janjusevic V, Keller JL. Prevalence and predictors of human papillomavirus infection in women in Ontario, Canada. Survey of HPV in Ontario Women (SHOW) Group. CMAJ 2000, 163:503-508. 80454, 11006760.
49. Nyári TA, Kalmár L, Deák J, Szollosi J, Farkas I, Kovács L. Prevalence and risk factors of human papilloma virus infection in asymptomatic women in southeastern Hungary. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004, 115:99-100. 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.10.003, 15223174.
50. Jimenez-Vieyra CR. [Prevalence of condyloma acuminata in women who went to opportune detection of cervicouterine cancer]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2010, 78:99-102.
51. Garcia PJC. Reproductive tract infections in rural women from the highlands, jungle, and coastal regions of Peru. Bull World Health Organ 2004, 82:483-492. 2622905, 15508193.
52. Lan PT, Lundborg CS, Phuc HD, Sihavong A, Unemo M, Chuc NT, Khang TH, Mogren I. Reproductive tract infections including sexually transmitted infections: a population-based study of women of reproductive age in a rural district of Vietnam. Sex Transm Infect 2008, 84:126-132. 10.1136/sti.2007.027821, 18003708.
53. Klavs I, Grgic-Vitek M. The burden of genital warts in Slovenia: results from a national probability sample survey. Euro Surveill 2008, 13. pii:19032.
54. Kjaer SK, Tran TN, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, Munk C, Dasbach E, Liaw KL, Nygard J, Nygard M. The burden of genital warts: a study of nearly 70,000 women from the general female population in the 4 Nordic countries. J Infect Dis 2007, 196:1447-1454. 10.1086/522863, 18008222.
55. Brotherton JM, Heywood A, Heley S. The incidence of genital warts in Australian women prior to the national vaccination program. Sex Health 2009, 6:178-184. 10.1071/SH08079, 19653953.
56. Fenton KA, Korovessis C, Johnson AM, McCadden A, McManus S, Wellings K, Mercer CH, Carder C, Copas AJ, Nanchahal K, Macdowall W, Ridgway G, Field J, Erens B. Sexual behaviour in Britain: reported sexually transmitted infections and prevalent genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Lancet 2001, 358:1851-1854. 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06886-6, 11741624.
57. Dinh TH, Sternberg M, Dunne EF, Markowitz LE. Genital warts among 18- to 59-year-olds in the United States, national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2004. Sex Transm Dis 2008, 35:357-360. 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181632d61, 18360316.
58. Matos E, Loria D, Amestoy GM, Herrera L, Prince MA, Moreno J, Krunfly C, van den Brule AJ, Meijer CJ, Munoz N, Herrero R. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among women in Concordia, Argentina: a population-based study. Sex Transm Dis 2003, 30:593-599. 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000085181.25063.6C, 12897679.
59. Syrjanen K, Naud P, Derchain S, Roteli-Martins C, Longatto-Filho A, Tatti S, Branca M, Erzen M, Hammes LS, Matos J, Gontijo R, Sarian L, Braganca J, Arlindo FC, Maeda MY, Lorincz A, Dores GB, Costa S, Syrjanen S. Comparing PAP smear cytology, aided visual inspection, screening colposcopy, cervicography and HPV testing as optional screening tools in Latin America. Study design and baseline data of the LAMS study. Anticancer Res 2005, 25:3469-3480.
60. Blomberg M, Nielson A, Munk C. History of genital warts and self-reported health in 45,000 Danish men and women. Abstract presented at the 26th International Papillomavirus Conference and Clinical Workshop; 2010 July 3-8 2010, Montreal.
61. Parish WL, Hao Y, Laumann EO, Schneider J. Genitourinary symptoms in urban China: a population-based study. Int J STD AIDS 2007, 18:736-740. 10.1258/095646207782212199, 18005506.
62. Wiley DJ, Grosser S, Qi K, Visscher BR, Beutner K, Strathdee SA, Calhoun B, Palella F, Detels R. Validity of self-reporting of episodes of external genital warts. Clin Infect Dis 2002, 35:39-45. 10.1086/340743, 12060873.
63. Drolet M, Brisson M, Maunsell E, Franco EL, Coutlee F, Ferenczy A, Ratnam S, Fisher W, Mansi JA. The impact of anogenital warts on health-related quality of life: a 6-month prospective study. Sex Transm Dis 2011, 38:949-956. 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3182215512, 21934571.
64. Wellings K, Collumbien M, Slaymaker E, Singh S, Hodges Z, Patel D, Bajos N. Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective. Lancet 2006, 368:1706-1728. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69479-8, 17098090.
65. Bosch FX, Burchell AN, Schiffman M, Giuliano AR, de Sanjose S, Bruni L, Tortolero-Luna G, Kjaer SK, Munoz N. Epidemiology and natural history of human papillomavirus infections and type-specific implications in cervical neoplasia. Vaccine 2008, 26(Suppl 10):K1-16.
66. Woodhall SC, Jit M, Soldan K, Kinghorn G, Gilson R, Nathan M, Ross JD, Lacey CJ. The impact of genital warts: loss of quality of life and cost of treatment in eight sexual health clinics in the UK. Sex Transm Infect 2011, 87:458-463. 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050073, 3253069, 21636616.
67. Gottlieb H, Sand C. Patients with condyloma acuminatum - An increasing burden: A characterisation of patients attending an inner-city STD clinic in Copenhagen. Forum for Nord Derm Ven 2003, 8:103-106.
68. Raymakers AJ, Sadatsafavi M, Marra F, Marra CA. Economic and humanistic burden of external genital warts. Pharmacoeconomics 2012, 30:1-16. 10.2165/11591170-000000000-00000, 22201520.
69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. MMWR 2010, 59(No.RR-12):70-74. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
70. Dillner J, Kjaer SK, Wheeler CM, Sigurdsson K, Iversen OE, Hernandez-Avila M, Perez G, Brown DR, Koutsky LA, Tay EH, Garci P, Ault KA, Garland SM, Leodolter S, Olsson SE, Tang GW, Ferris DG, Paavonen J, Lehtinen M, Steben M, Bosch FX, Joura EA, Majewski S, Munoz N, Myers ER, Villa LL, Taddeo FJ, Roberts C, Tadesse A, Bryan JT, et al. Four year efficacy of prophylactic human papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccine against low grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital warts: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010, 341:c3493. 2907480, 20647284.