Medicalisation or customisation? Sleep, enterprise and enhancement in the 24/7 society

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 79, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 40-47

  Williams, Simon J ^a   Coveney, Catherine M ^a   Gabe, Jonathan ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Biomedicalisation; Biopolitics; Customisation; Health; Modafinil; Pharmaceuticals; Sleep; Workplace napping

Indexed keywords

MODAFINIL;

COMPARATIVE STUDY; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; RESEARCH WORK; SLEEP; TREND ANALYSIS;

ALERTNESS; ARTICLE; FATIGUE; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; MEDICALIZATION; NARCOLEPSY; SAFETY; SLEEP; SLEEP DEPRIVATION; SLEEP PATTERN; SLEEP WAKING CYCLE; SOMNOLENCE; TIME; WAKEFULNESS; WORKPLACE;

GREAT BRITAIN; HUMANS; MEDICALIZATION; SLEEP; SOCIAL CONDITIONS; WORKLOAD;

EID: 84872781261     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: 18735347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.07.017     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Alertness Solutions Website, Accessed 16.03.12. http://www.alertsol.com/.
2. Alexander J. US sleep market. Frontiers in Neuroscience 2009, 3(3):496-497. http://www.frontiersin.org.
3. Alhola P., Polo-Kantola P. Sleep deprivation: impact on cognitive performance. Neuropsychiatric Disease & Treatment 2007, 3(5):553-567.
4. Anthony C., Anthony W.C. The art of napping at work 2001, Souvenir Press, London.
5. Arber S., Meadows R. Social and health patterning of sleep quality and duration. Understanding society: Early findings from the first wave of the UK's household longitudinal study 2011, 88-98. ISER, University of Essex, Colchester. S. McFall, C. Garrington (Eds.).
6. Arendt J. Shift work: coping with the biological clock. Occupational Medicine 2010, 60(1):10-20.
7. Barger L.K., Cade B.E., Ayas N.T., et al. Extended work shifts and the risk of motor vehicle crashes among interns. New England Journal of Medicine 2005, 352:125-134.
8. Baxter V., Kroll-Smith S. Normalising the workplace nap: blurring the boundaries between public and private space and time. Current Sociology 2005, 53(1):33-55.
9. Ben-Ari E. Sleep and night-time combat in contemporary armed forces: technology, knowledge and the enhancement of the soldier's body. Night-time and sleep in Asia and the West: Exploring the dark side of life 2003, Routledge Curzon, London. B. Steger, L. Brunt (Eds.).
10. Brown M. Taking care of business: self-help and sleep medicine in American corporate culture. Journal of Medical Humanities 2004, 25(3):173-187.
11. Brunt L., Steger B. Introduction. Worlds of sleep 2008, Frank & Time, Berlin. L. Brunt, B. Steger (Eds.).
12. Bryan M.L. Measuring work: prospects for labour market research. Understanding society: Early findings from the first wave of the UK's household longitudinal study 2011, 35-42. ISER, University of Essex, Colchester. S. McFall, C. Garrington (Eds.).
13. Caldwell, J., Caldwell, L., Smith, J., Alvarado, L., & Heintz, T. (2004). The efficacy of modafinil for sustaining alertness and simulator flight performance in F-117 pilots during 37 hours of continuous wakefulness. Interim Report 2003-4 from the Air Force Research Lab Brooks AFB TX.
14. Cephalon Provigil: Prescribing information December 2010.
15. Chan S., Harris J. Cognitive regeneration or enhancement: the ethical issues. Regenerative Medicine 2006, 1(3):361-366.
16. Chatzitheochari S., Arber S. Lack of sleep, work and the long hours culture: evidence from the UK Time Use Survey. Work, Employment & Society 2009, 23(1):30-48.
17. Chesire W.P. The pharmaceutically enhanced physician. Virtual Mentor: American Medical Association Journal of Ethics 2008, 10(9):594-598.
18. CIRCADIAN Website, Accessed 16.03.12. http://www.circadian.com/.
19. Clarke A., Mamo L., Fishman J.R., Shim J.K., Fosket J.R. Biomedicalization: technoscientific transformations of the health, illness and US biomedicine. American Sociological Review 2003, 68:161-194.
20. Clarke A., Mamo L., Fosket J.R., Fishman J.R., Shim J.K. Biomedicalization. Technoscience. Health and Illness 2010, Duke University Press, Durham NC.
21. Conrad P. Medicalization and social control. Annual Review of Sociology 1992, 18:209-232.
22. Conrad P. The medicalization of society 2007, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
23. Coveney, C. M. (2010). Awakening expectations: Exploring the social and ethical issues surrounding the medical and non-medical use of sleep drugs in the UK. Unpublished Doctorate. Nottingham: University of Nottingham.
24. Coveney C.M. Exploring modafinil use in social context. Sociological reflections on neuroscience 2011, Emerald, Bingley. M.D. Pickersgill, I. van Keulen (Eds.).
25. Czeisler C. Sleep deficit: the performance killer. Harvard Business Review October 2006, Available at. http://hbr.org.
26. Dement W.C., Vaughan C. The promise of sleep: The scientific connection between health, happiness, and a good night's sleep 1999, Macmillan, London.
27. Farah M. Neuroethics: the practical and the philosophical. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2005, 9(1):34-40.
28. Ferguson S., Paech G.M., Dorrian J., Roach G.D., Jay S.M. Performance on a simple response time task: is sleep or work more important for miners?. Applied Ergonomics 2011, 42(2):210-213.
29. Gore R.K., Webb T.S., Hermes E.D.A. Fatigue and stimulant use in military fighter aircrew during combat operations. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 2010, 81:719-727.
30. Greely H., Sahakian B., Harris J., Kessler R.C., Gazzaniga M., Campbell P., et al. Towards responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy. Nature 2008, 456:702-705.
31. Hall W.D., Luke J.C. The enhancement and use of neuropharmaceuticals: more scepticism and caution needed. Addictions 2010, 105:2041-2043.
32. Hancock P. Cultures of sleep: organization and the lure of dormancy. Culture & Organization 2008, 14(4):411-424.
33. Hancock P., Williams S.J., Boden S. Managing sleep? The colonization of everyday/night life. The management of everyday life 2009, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. P. Hancock, M. Tyler (Eds.).
34. Harvey D. The condition of postmodernity 1989, Blackwell, Oxford.
35. Horne J. Sleepfaring 2007, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
36. Horne J. The end of sleep: 'sleep debt' versus biological adaptation of human sleep to waking needs. Biological Psychology 2011, 87(1):1-14.
37. Hyman S.E. Improving our brains?. BioSocieties 2006, 1:103-111.
38. Li Y. Discourse of mid-day napping: a political windsock in contemporary China. Night-time and sleep in Asia and the West: Exploring the dark side of life 2003, Routledge Curzon, London. B. Steger, L. Brunt (Eds.).
39. Lovato N., Lack L. The effects of napping on cognitive functioning. Progress in Brain Research 2010, 185:155-166.
40. Maas J.B. Power sleep: The revolutionary program that prepares your mind for peak performance 1999, Harper Collins, New York.
41. Maas J.B., Robbins R.S. Sleeping for success: Everything you must know about sleep but are too tired to ask 2010, Authorhouse, Bloomington.
42. Maher B. Poll results: look who's doping. Nature 2008, 452:464-465.
43. Martin P. Counting sheep: The science and pleasures of sleep and dreams 2002, HarperCollins, London.
44. Martin P., Pickersgill M., Coveney C.M., Williams S.J. Pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement: interrogating the ethics, addressing the issues. Augmenting cognition 2011, EPFL Press, Lausanne. I. Segev, H. Markram (Eds.).
45. Matteson-Rusby S.E., Pigeon W.R., Gehrman P., Perlis M.L. Why treat insomnia?. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2010, 12(1). PCC.08r00743.
46. Meadows R., Arber S., Venn S., Hislop J. Engaging with sleep: male definitions, understandings and attitudes. Sociology of Health & Illness 2008, 30:696-710.
47. Mednick S.C., Cai D.J., Kanady J., Drummond S.P. Comparing the benefits of caffeine, naps and placebo on verbal, motor and perceptual memory. Behavioural Brain Research 2008, 193:79-86.
48. Mednick S.C., Nakayama K., Cantero J.L., Atienza M., Levin A.A., Pathak N., et al. The restorative benefit of naps on perceptual deterioration. Nature Neuroscience 2002, 5:677-681.
49. Mednick S.C., Nakayama K., Stickgold R. Sleep-dependent learning: a nap is as good as a night. Nature Neuroscience 2003, 6(7):697-698.
50. MetroNaps website, Accessed 16.03.12. http://www.metronaps.co.uk/.
51. Better humans? The politics of human enhancement and life extension 2006, Demos, London. P. Miller, J. Wilsdon (Eds.).
52. MooAllem J. The sleep-industrial complex. The New York Times 2007, Sunday November 18th. Available at. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/health/18iht-18sleept.8377935.html.
53. Müller U., Steffenhagen N., Regenthal R., Bublak P. Effects of modafinil on working memory processes in humans. Psychopharmacology 2004, 117(1-2):161-169.
54. National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America poll 'sleep, performance and the workplace' 2008, Accessed 15.10.11. http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-america-polls/2008-sleep-performance-and-the-workplace.
55. Parsons T. The social system 1951, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.
56. Pigeau R., Naitoh P., Buguet A., McCann C., Baranski J., Taylor M., et al. Modafinil, d-amphetamine and placebo during 64 hours of sustained mental work. I. Effects on mood, fatigue, cognitive performance and body temperature. Journal of Sleep Research 1995, 4:212-228.
57. Quednow B. Ethics of neuroenhancement: a phantom debate. Biosocieties 2010, 5(1):153-156.
58. Randall D.C., Shneerson J.M., Plaha K.K., File S.E. Modafinil affects mood, but not cognitive function, in healthy young volunteers. Human Psychopharmacology 2002, 18(3):163-173.
59. Repantis D., Schlattmann P., Laisney O., Heuser I. Modafinil and methylphenidate for neuroenhancement in healthy individuals: a systematic review. Pharmacological Research 2010, 62(3):187-206.
60. Rose N. The politics of life itself 2007, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
61. Schwartz B. Notes on the sociology of sleep. Sociological Quarterly 1970, 11(4):485-499.
62. Seale C., Boden S., Williams S.J., Lowe P., Steinberg D.L. Media constructions of sleep and sleep disorders: a study of UK national newspapers. Social Science & Medicine 2007, 65:418-430.
63. Smith M.R., Fogg L.F., Eastman C.I. Practical interventions to promote circadian adaptation to permanent night shift work: study 4. Journal of Biological Rhythms 2010, 24(2):161-172.
64. Stampi C. Why we nap: Evolution, chronobiology and functions of ultra-short sleep 1992, Birkhäuser, Boston.
65. Steger B. Negotiating sleep patterns in Japan. Night-time in Asia and the West: Exploring the dark side of life 2003, Routledge Curzon, London. B. Steger, L. Brunt (Eds.).
66. Steger B., Brunt L. Introduction: into the night and the world of sleep. Night-time and sleep in Asia and the West: Exploring the dark side of life 2003, Routledge Curzon, London, pp. 1-23. B. Steger, L. Brunt (Eds.).
67. Stickgold R. Neuroscience: a memory boost while you sleep. Nature 2006, 444(7119):559-560. 30.
68. Stickgold R., Walker M.P. Memory consolidation and reconsolidation: what is the role of sleep?. Trends in Neuroscience 2005, 28(8):408-415.
69. Stoller E.P., Papp K.K., Aikens J.E., Erokwu B., Strohl K.P. Strategies resident-physicians use to manage sleep loss and fatigue. Medical Education Online 2009, eISSN 1087-2981.
70. Thompson C.L., Larkin E.K., Patel S., Berger N.A., Redline S., Li L. Short duration of sleep increases risk of colorectal adenoma. Cancer 2011, 117:841-847.
71. Turner D., Robbins T.W., Clark L., Aron A.R., Dowson J., Sahakian B. Cognitive enhancing effects of modafinil in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 2003, 165(3):260-269.
72. Venn S., Arber S. Day-time sleep and active ageing in later life. Ageing and Society 2011, 31:197-216.
73. Weber M. The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism 1974/1930, Unwin University Books, London.
74. Williams S.J. Sleep and society: Sociological explorations and agendas 2005, Routledge, London.
75. Williams S.J. The politics of sleep: Governing (un)consciousness in the late modern age 2011, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
76. Williams S.J., Boden S. Consumed with sleep? Dormant bodies in consumer culture. Sociological Research Online 2004, 9:2. http://www.socresonline.org.uk/9/2/williams.html.
77. Williams S.J., Meadows R., Arber S. The sociology of sleep. Sleep, health and society: From aetiology to public health 2010, Oxford University Press, Oxford. F.P. Cappuccio, M.A. Miller, S.W. Lockley (Eds.).
78. Williams S.J., Seale C., Boden S., Lowe P., Steinberg D. Waking up to sleepiness: modafinil, the media and the pharmaceuticalisation of everyday/night life. Sociology of Health & Illness 2008, 30(6):839-855.
79. Wittman M., Dinich J., Merrow M., Roenneberg T. Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiology International 2006, 23(1-2):497-509.
80. Wolf-Meyer M. Sleep, signification and the abstract body of allopathic medicine. Body & Society 2008, 14(4):93-114.
81. Wolpe P. Treatment, enhancement and the ethics of neurotherapeutics. Brain & Cognition 2002, 50:387-395.