Wadden Sea tidal basins and the mediating role of the North Sea in ecological processes: Scaling up of management?

Ocean and Coastal Management

Volumn 68, Issue , 2012, Pages 69-78

  Van Beusekom, Justus E E ^a   Buschbaum, Christian ^a   Reise, Karsten ^a  

^a ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALIEN SPECIES; CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING; ECOLOGICAL CHANGES; ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; ECOLOGICAL PROCESS; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; EU LEGISLATION; GLOBAL EFFECTS; GLOBAL FACTORS; HUMAN INTERFERENCE; LOCAL CONDITIONS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; NORTH SEA; RIVER BASINS; SCALING-UP; SEA LEVEL RISE; TIDAL BASIN; WADDEN SEA; WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVES;

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; ECOSYSTEMS; ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS; GLOBAL WARMING; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; RIVER POLLUTION; SEA LEVEL; WATER CONSERVATION;

EUTROPHICATION;

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ECOSYSTEM HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION; EUROPEAN UNION; EUTROPHICATION; GLOBAL WARMING; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; ORGANIC MATTER; RIVER BASIN; SEA LEVEL CHANGE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; NORTH SEA; WADDEN SEA;

EID: 84872653034     PISSN: 09645691     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.05.002     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Airoldi L., Beck M.W. Loss, status and trends for coastal marine habitats of Europe. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. 2007, 45:345-405.
2. Alldredge A.L., Gotschalk C.C. Direct observations on the mass flocculation of diatom blooms: characteristics, settling velocities and formation of diatom aggregates. Deep Sea Res. Pt I: Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 1989, 36:159-171.
3. Andersen T.J., Pejrup M., Nielsen A.A. Long-term and high-resolution measurements of bed level changes in a temperate, microtidal coastal lagoon. Mar. Geol. 2006, 226:115-126.
4. Andersen T.J., Lanuru M., van Bernem C., Pejrup M., Riethmueller R. Erodibility of a mixed mudflat dominated by microphytobenthos and Cerastoderma edule, East Frisian Wadden Sea, Germany. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2010, 87:197-206.
5. Bakker J.F., Kellermann A., Farke H., Laursen K., Knudsen T., Marencic H. Implementation of the Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program (TMAP) 1998, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
6. Barriopedro D., Fischer E.M., Luterbacher J., Trigo R.M., García-Herrera R. The hot summer of 2010: redrawing the temperature record map of Europe. Sci. Total Environ. 2011, 332:220-224.
7. Beddig S., Brockmann U., Dannecker W., Körner D., Pohlmann T., Puls W. Nitrogen fluxes in the German Bight. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 1997, 34:382-394.
8. Beets D.J., van der Spek A.J.F. The Holocene evolution of the barrier and the back-barrier basins of Belgium and the Netherlands as a function of late Weichselian morphology, relative sea-level rise and sediment supply. Geol. Mijnb.-Neth. J. Geosci. 2000, 79:3-16.
9. Beukema J.J., Dekker R. Decline of recruitment success in cockles and other bivalves in the Wadden Sea: possible role of climate change, predation on postlarvae and fisheries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2005, 287:149-167.
10. Beukema J.J., Dekker R. Increasing species richness of the macrozoobenthic fauna on tidal flats of the Wadden Sea by local range expansion and invasion of exotic species. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2011, 65:155-164.
11. Briggs J.C. Marine species invasions in estuaries and harbours. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2012, 449:297-302.
12. Buhs F., Reise K. Epibenthic fauna dredged from tidal channels in the Wadden Sea of Schlewig-Holstein: spatial patterns and a long-term decline. Helgol. Meeresunters. 1997, 51:343-359.
13. Burchard H., Flöser G., Staneva J., Badewien T.H., Riethmüller R. Impact of density gradients on net sediment transport into the Wadden Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38:566-587.
14. Buschbaum C., Gutow L. Mass occurrence of an introduced crustacean (Caprella cf. mutica) in the south-eastern North Sea. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2005, 59:252-253.
15. Buschbaum C., Chapman A.S., Saier B. How an introduced seaweed can affect epibiota diversity in different coastal systems. Mar. Biol. 2006, 148:743-754.
16. Buschbaum C., Reise K. Neues Leben im Weltnaturerbe Wattenmeer. Globalisierung unter Wasser. Biologie Unserer Zeit 2010, 40:202-210.
17. Buschbaum, C., Lakschewitz, D., Reise, K., this volume. Non-native species invading the Wadden Sea ecosystem. Ocean Coast Manage.
18. Cadée G.C. Reappraisal of the production and import of organic matter in the western Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res. 1980, 14:305-322.
19. Cadée G.C. Recurrent and changing seasonal patterns in phytoplankton of the westernmost inlet of the Dutch Wadden Sea from 1969 to 1985. Mar. Biol. 1986, 93:281-289.
20. th century; 30 years monitoring biomass, primary production, and Phaeocystis blooms. J. Sea Res. 2002, 48:97-110.
21. Colebrook J.M. Continuous plankton records: persistence in time-series of annual means of abundance of zooplankton. Mar. Biol. 1981, 61:143-149.
22. Colebrook J.M. Continuous plankton records: relationships between species of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the seasonal cycle. Mar. Biol. 1984, 83:313-323.
23. Colebrook J.M. Continuous plankton records: overwintering and annual fluctuations in the abundance of zooplankton. Mar. Biol. 1985, 84:261-265.
24. CPSL Coastal protection and sea level rise. Wadden Sea Ecosyst. 2005, 21:1-47.
25. CPSL Coastal protection and sea level rise. Wadden Sea Ecosyst. 2010, 28:1-51.
26. CWSS Stade Declaration and Wadden Sea Plan. Ministrial declaration of the Eight Trilateral Governmental Conference on the Protection of the Wadden Sea, October, 1997 1997, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
27. CWSS Wadden Sea Plan 2010. Eleventh Trilateral Governmental Conference on the Protection of the Wadden Sea 2010, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
28. de Jonge V.N. From a defensive to an integrated approach. Water Policy in the Netherlands 2009, 17-46. Resources of the Future, Washington. S. Rijnhard, H. Folmer (Eds.).
29. de Jonge V.N., Essink K., Boddeke R. The Dutch Wadden Sea - a changed ecosystem. Hydrobiologia 1993, 265:45-71.
30. de Jonge V.N., de Jong D.J., van den Bergs J. Reintroduction of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Dutch Wadden Sea; review of research and suggestions for management measures. J. Coast. Conserv. 1996, 2:149-158.
31. Dellwig O., Hinrichs J., Hild A., Brumsack H.-J. Changing sedimentation in tidal flat sediments of the southern North Sea from the Holocene to the present: a geochemical approach. J. Sea Res. 2000, 44:195-208.
32. den Hartog C., Polderman P. Changes in the seagrass populations of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Aquat. Bot. 1975, 1:141-147.
33. Diederich S., Nehls G., van Beusekom J.E.E., Reise K. Introduced Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the northern Wadden Sea: invasion accelerated by warm summers?. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2005, 59:97-106.
34. Doody J.P. Coastal squeeze: a historical perspective. J. Coast. Conserv. 2004, 10:129-138.
35. Edwards M., Richardson A.J. Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch. Nature 2004, 430:881-884.
36. Ehlers J., Kunz H. Morphology of the Wadden Sea: natural processes and human interferences. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management 1993, 65-84.
37. European Commission Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community actions in the field of water policy. Off. J. Eur. Communities 2000, L327. 321.322.312.2000.
38. European Commission Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for Community actions in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive). Off. J. Eur. Communities 2008, L164/119. 125.106.2008.
39. Flemming B.W., Davis R.A.J. Holocene evolution, morphodynamics and sedimentology of the Spiekeroog barrier island system (southern North Sea). Senckenb. Marit. 1994, 25:117-155.
40. Flemming B.W., Nyandwi N. Land reclamation as a cause of fine-grained sediment depletion in backbarrier tidal flats (southern North Sea). Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol. 1994, 28:299-307.
41. Giesen W., van Katwijk M.M., den Hartog C. Eelgrass condition and turbidity in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Aquat. Bot. 1990, 37:71-85.
42. Giesen W., van Katwijk M.M., den Hartog C. Temperature, salinity, insolation and wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera marina L) in the Dutch Wadden Sea in the 1930's. Neth. J. Sea Res. 1990, 25:395-404.
43. 14C-method for estimating primary production in eutrophic Dutch coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1973, 18:494-495.
44. Grunwald M., Dellwig O., Kohlmeier C., Kowalski N., Beck M., Badewien T.H., Kotzur S., Liebezeit G., Brumsack H.-J. Nutrient dynamics in a back barrier tidal basin of the Southern North Sea: time-series, model simulations, and budget estimates. J. Sea Res. 2010, 64:199-212.
45. Hagmeier A., Kändler R. Neue Untersuchungen im nordfriesischen Wattenmeer und auf den fiskalischen Austernbänken. Wiss. Meeresunters. (Helgol.) 1927, 16:1-99.
46. Häkkinen S., Rhines P.B., Worthen D.L. Atmospheric blocking and Atlatic multidecadal ocean variability. Science 2011, 334:655-659.
47. Hoegh-Guldberg O., Bruno J.F. The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems. Science 2010, 328:1523-1528.
48. Hofstede J.L.A. Regional differences in the morphologic behaviour of four German Wadden Sea barriers. Quatern. Int. 1999, 56:99-106.
49. Hoselmann C., Streif H. Holocene sea-level rise and its effect on the mass balance of coastal deposits. Quatern. Int. 2004, 112:89-103.
50. IPCC Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Summary for Policymakers, p. 18.
51. Joint I., Pomroy A. Phytoplankton biomass and production in the southern North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1993, 99:169-182.
52. Kastler T., Michaelis H. The decline of seagrasses, Zostera marina and Zostera noltii, in the Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony. Senckenb. Marit. 1999, 29:77-80.
53. Kochmann J., Buschbaum C., ReiseVolkenborn N., Reise K. Shift from native mussels to alien oysters: differential effects of ecosystem engineers. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. 2008, 364:1-10.
54. Kraan C., Dekinga A., Piersma T. Now an empty mudflat: past and present benthic abundances in the western Dutch Wadden Sea. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2011, 65:51-58.
55. Lancelot C., Billen G., Sournia A., Weisse T., Colijn F., Davies M.J.W., Wassman P. Phaeocystis blooms and nutrient enrichment in the continental coastal zones of the North Sea. Ambio 1987, 16:38-46.
56. Loebl M., Colijn F., van Beusekom J.E.E., Baretta-Bekker J.G., Lancelot C., Philippart C.J.M., Rousseau V., Wiltshire K.H. Recent patterns in potential phytoplankton limitation along the Northwest European continental coast. J. Sea Res. 2009, 61:34-43.
57. Loebl M., van Beusekom J.E.E., Reise K. Spread of the neophyte Spartina anglica recently enhanced by increasing temperatures?. Aquat. Ecol. 2006, 40:315-324.
58. Lotze H.K. Radical changes in the Wadden Sea fauna and flora over the last 2000 years. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2005, 59:71-83.
59. Lotze H.K., Reise K., Worm B., van Beusekom J.E.E., Busch M., Ehlers A., Heinrich D., Hoffmann R.C., Holm P., Jensen C., Knottnerus O.S., Langjanki N., Prummel W., Vollmer M., Wolff W.J. Human transformation of the Wadden Sea ecosystem through time: a synthesis. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2005, 59:84-95.
60. Marencic H., de Vlas J. Quality Status Report 2009, Wadden Sea Ecosystem. No. 25 2009, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
61. Markert A., Wehrmann A., Kröncke I. Recently established Crassostrea-reefs versus native Mytilus-beds: differences in ecosystem engineering affects the macrofaunal communities (Wadden Sea of Lower Saxony, southern German Bight). Biol. Invasions 2010, 12:15-32.
62. McQuatters-Gollop A., Raitsos D.E., Edwards M., Pradhan Y., Mee L.D., Lavender S.J., Attrill M.J. A long-term chlorophyll data set reveals regime shift in North Sea phytoplankton biomass unconnected to nutrient trends. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2007, 52:635-648.
63. McQuatters-Gollop A., Gilbert A.J., Mee L.D., Vermaat J.E., Artioli Y., Humborg C., Wulff F. How well do ecosystem indicators communicate the effects of anthropogenic eutrophication?. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2009, 82:583-596.
64. McQuatters-Gollop A., Vermaat J.E. Covariance among North Sea ecosystem state indicators during the past 50 years - contrasts between coastal and open waters. J. Sea Res. 2011, 65:284-292.
65. Möbius K. Die Austern und die Austernwirthschaft 1877, Hempel & Parey, Berlin.
66. Möbius K. über die Tiere der schleswig-holsteinischen Austernbänke, ihre physikalischen und biologischen Lebensverhältnisse. Sber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1893, 7:33-58.
67. Nehls G., Diederich S., Thieltges D.W., Strasser M. Wadden Sea mussel beds invaded by oysters and slipper limpets: competition or climate control?. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2006, 60:135-143.
68. Nienburg W. Zur ökologie der Flora des Wattenmeeres. I. Der Königshafen by List auf Sylt. Wiss. Meeresunters. (Kiel) 1927, 20:146-196.
69. Oost A.P., de Boer P.L. Sedimentology and development of barrier islands, ebb-tidal deltas, inlets and backbarrier areas of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Senckenb. Marit. 1994, 24:65-115.
70. Otto L., Zimmerman J., Furnes G., Mork M., Saetre R., Becker G. Review of the physical oceanography of the North Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res. 1990, 26:161-238.
71. Pedersen J.B.T., Bartholdy J. Budgets for fine-grained sediment in the Danish Wadden Sea. Mar. Geol. 2006, 235:101-117.
72. Philippart C.J.M. Effect of periphyton grazing by Hydrobia ulvae on the growth of Zostera noltii on a tidal flat in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Mar. Biol. 1995, 122:431-437.
73. Philippart C.J.M., Beukema J.J., Cadée G.C., Dekker R., Goedhart P.W., Iperen J.M.v., Leopold M.F., Herman P.M.J. Impact of nutrients on coastal communities. Ecosystems 2007, 10:95-118.
74. Polte P., Buschbaum C. Native pipefish (Entelurus Aequareus) promoted by the introduced seaweed Sargassum muticum in the northern Wadden Sea. Aquat. Biol. 2008, 3:11-18.
75. Postma H. Hydrography of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Arch. Néerl. Zool. 1954, 10:405-511.
76. Postma H. Exchange of materials between the North Sea and the Wadden Sea. Mar. Geol. 1981, 40:199-215.
77. Postma H. Introduction to the symposium on organic matter in the Wadden Sea. Neth. Inst. Sea Res. Publ. Ser. 1984, 10:15-22.
78. Reid P.C., Lancelot C., Gieskes W.W.C., Hagmeier E., Weichart G. Phytoplankton of the North Sea and its dynamics: a review. Neth. J. Sea Res. 1990, 26:295-331.
79. Reise K. More sand to the shorelines of the Wadden Sea. Harmonizing coastal defense with habitat dynamics. Marine Science Frontiers for Europe 2003, 203-216. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo. G. Wefer, F. Mantoura (Eds.).
80. Reise K. Coast of change: habitat loss and transformations in the Wadden Sea. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2005, 59:9-21.
81. Reise K., Buhs F. Reply to the comment of Damm and Neudecker (1999): long-term decline in epibenthic fauna of tidal channels near the island of Sylt in the northern Wadden Sea. Helgol. Mar. Res. 1999, 53:143-145.
82. Reise K., van Beusekom J.E.E. Interactive effects of global and regional change on a coastal ecosystem. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2008, 62:85-91.
83. Reise K., Herre E., Sturm M. Mudflat biota since the 1930's: change beyond return?. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2008, 62:13-22.
84. Reise K., Baptist M., Burbridge P., Dankers N.M.J.A., Fischer L., Flemming B.W., Oost A.P., Smit C. The Wadden Sea - a universally outstanding tidal wetland. Wadden Sea Ecosyst. 2010, 29:7-24.
85. Rullkötter J. The back-barrier tidal flats in the southern North Sea - a multidisciplinary approach to reveal the main driving forces shaping the system. Ocean Dyn. 2009, 59:157-165.
86. Simberloff D., Von Holle B. Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown?. Biol. Invasions 1999, 1:21-32.
87. Staats N., de Deckere E., Kornman B., van der Lee W., Termaat R., Terwindt J., de Winder B. Observations on suspended matter (SPM) and microalgae in the Dollard Estuary, The Netherlands: importance of late winter ice cover of the intertidal flats. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2001, 53:297-306.
88. Staneva J., Stanev E.V., Wolf J.-O., Badewein T., Reuter R., Flemming B. Hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics in the German Bight. A focus on observations and numerical modelling in the East Frisian Wadden Sea. Cont. Shelf Res. 2009, 29:302-319.
89. Strasser M., Dekker R., Essink K., Gunther C.P., Jaklin S., Kröncke I., Madsen P.B., Michaelis H., Vedel G. How predictable is high bivalve recruitment in the Wadden Sea after a severe winter?. J. Sea Res. 2003, 49:47-57.
90. Thieltges D.W., Strasser M., van Beusekom J.E.E., Reise K. Too cold to prosper - winter mortality prevents population increase of the introduced American slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata in northern Europe. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 2004, 311:375-391.
91. Tian T., Merico A., Su J., Staneva J., Wiltshire K., Wirtz K. Importance of resuspended sediment dynamics for the phytoplankton spring bloom in a coastal marine ecosystem. J. Sea Res. 2009, 62:214-228.
92. van Bennekom A.J., Wetsteijn F.J. The winter distribution of nutrients in the southern bight of the North Sea (1961-1978) and in the estuaries of the Scheldt and the Rhine/Meuse. Neth. J. Sea Res. 1990, 25:75-87.
93. Van Beusekom J.E.E., Brockmann U.H. Transformation of phosphorus in the Elbe estuary. Estuaries 1998, 21:518-526.
94. van Beusekom J.E.E., Brockmann U.H., Hesse K.J., Hickel W., Poremba K., Tillmann U. The importance of sediments in the transformation and turnover of nutrients and organic matter in the Wadden Sea and German Bight. Germ. J. Hydrogr. 1999, 51:245-266.
95. van Beusekom J.E.E., de Jonge V.N. Long-term changes in Wadden Sea nutrient cycles: importance of organic matter import from the North Sea. Hydrobiologia 2002, 475/476:185-194.
96. van Beusekom J.E.E., Reise K. Editorial: long-term ecological change in the northern Wadden Sea. Helgol. Mar. Res. 2008, 62:1-2.
97. van Beusekom J.E.E., Diel-Christiansen S. Global change and the biogeochemistry of the North Sea: the possible role of phytoplankton and phytoplankton grazing. Int. J. Earth Sci. 2009, 98:269-280.
98. van Beusekom J.E.E., Bot P., Carstensen J., Goebel J., Lenhart H., Pätsch J., Petenati T., Raabe T., Reise K., Wetsteijn B. Eutrophication. Thematic Report No. 6. Quality Status Report 2009, Wadden Sea Ecosystem. No 25 2009, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. H. Marencic, J. de Vlas (Eds.).
99. van Beusekom J.E.E., Loebl M., Martens P. Distant riverine nutrient supply and local temperature drive the long-term phytoplankton development in a temperate coastal basin. J. Sea Res. 2009, 61:26-33.
100. van Beusekom J.E.E., Buschbaum C., Loebl M., Martens P., Reise K. Long term ecological change in the northern Wadden Sea. Long-Term Ecological Research: Between Theory and Application 2010, Springer, Heidelberg. F. Müller, C. Baessler, H. Schubert, S. Klotz (Eds.).
101. van Beusekom J.E.E., de Jonge V.N. Dissolved organic phosphorus: an indicator of organic matter turnover?. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2012, 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.12.004.
102. Van Goor M.A., Zitman T.J., Wang Z.B., Stive M.J.F. Impact of sea-level rise on the equilibrium state of tidal inlets. Mar. Geol. 2003, 202:211-227.
103. van Katwijk M.M., Vergeer L.T.H., Schmitz G.H.W., Roelofs J.G.M. Ammonium toxicity in eelgrass Zostera marina. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1997, 157:159-173.
104. van Katwijk M.M., Schmitz G.H.W., Gasseling A.P., van Avesaath P.H. Effects of salinity and nutrient load and their interaction on Zostera marina. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1999, 190:155-165.
105. Van Koningsveld M., Mulder J.P.M., Stive M.J.F., Van der Valk L., Van der Weck A.W. Living with sea-level rise and climate change: a case study of the Netherlands. J. Coast. Res. 2008, 24:367-379.
106. van Straaten L.M.J.U., Kuenen P.H. Accumulation of fine-grained sediments in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Geol. Mijnb. 1957, 19:319-354.
107. Verwey J. On the ecology of cockle and mussel in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Arch. Néerl. Zool. 1952, 10:171-239.
108. Wahl T., Jensen J., Frank T., Haigh I.D. Improved estimates of mean sea level changes in the German Bight over the last 166 years. Ocean Dyn. 2011, 61:701-715.
109. Weijerman M., Lindeboom H.J., Zuur A. Regime shifts in marine ecosystems of the North Sea and Wadden Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2005, 289:21-39.
110. Wiersma A.P., Oost A.P., van der Berg M.W., Vos P.C., Marges V., de Vries S. Geomorphology. Thematic Report No. 9. Quality Status Report 2009, Wadden Sea Ecosystem. No. 25 2009, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. H. Marencic, J. de Vlas (Eds.).
111. Wiltshire K.H., Malzahn A.M., Wirtz K., Greve W., Janisch S., Mangelsdorf P., Manly B.F.J., Boersma M. Resilience of North Sea phytoplankton spring bloom dynamics: an analysis of long-term data at Helgoland Roads. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2008, 53:1294-1302.
112. Witte S., Buschbaum C., van Beusekom J.E.E., Reise K. Does climatic warming explain why an introduced barnacle finally takes over after a lag of more than 50 years?. Biol. Invasions 2010, 12:3579-3589.
113. Wohlenberg E. Beobachtungen über das Seegras Zostera marina L. und seine Erkrankung im nordfriesischen Wattenmeer. Nordelbingen 1935, 11:1-19.
114. Wohlenberg E. Die Wattenmeer-Lebensgemeinschaften im Königshafen von Sylt. Helgol. Wiss. Meeresunters. 1937, 1:1-92.
115. Wolff W.J., Binsbergen M. Het beheer van de Wadden. De visie van de Werkgroep Waddengebied 1985, Stichting Veth tot Steun aan Waddenonderzoek, Arnhem, 64 pp.
116. Wolff W.J., Bakker J.P., Laursen K., Reise K. Wadden Sea quality status report - synthesis report 2010. Wadden Sea Ecosyst. 2010, 29:27-74.
117. Zhang X., Sorteberg A., Zhang J., Gerdes R., Comiso J.C. Recent radical shifts of atmospheric circulations and rapid changes in Arctic climate system. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L22701.