Why the factorial structure of the SCL-90-R is unstable: Comparing patient groups with different levels of psychological distress using Mokken Scale Analysis

Psychiatry Research

Volumn 200, Issue 2-3, 2012, Pages 819-826

  Paap, Muirne C S ^a,b   Meijer, Rob R ^c   Cohen Kettenis, Peggy T ^d   Richter Appelt, Hertha ^e   de Cuypere, Griet ^f   Kreukels, Baudewijntje P C ^d   Pedersen, Geir ^a   Karterud, Sigmund ^b   Malt, Ulrik F ^a   Haraldsen, Ira R ^a  

^a OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^d VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^e UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

^f GHENT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Depression; Gender identity disorder; Item response theory; Personality disorder; Questionnaire evaluation; Validity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISTRESS SYNDROME; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER; HOSTILITY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOKKEN SCALE ANALYSIS; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; PARANOIA; PHOBIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX RATIO; SOMATIZATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; SYMPTOM CHECKLIST 90;

ADULT; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOMETRICS; SELF REPORT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 84872412714     PISSN: 01651781     EISSN: 18727123     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.012     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised) (DSM-III-R) 1987, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
2. APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) (DSM-IV) 1994, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
3. Armour C., Elhai J.D., Layne C.M., Shevlin M., Duraković-Belko E., Djapo N., Pynoos R.S. Gender differences in the factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war-exposed adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2011, 25:604-611.
4. Arrindell W.A., Barelds D.P., Janssen I.C., Buwalda F.M., van der Ende J. Invariance of SCL-90-R dimensions of symptom distress in patients with peri partum pelvic pain (PPPP) syndrome. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2006, 45:377-391.
5. Arrindell W.A., Boomsma A., Ettema H., Stewart R. Nog meer steun voor het multidimensionale karakter van de SCL-90-R [Even more support for the multidimensional nature of the SCL-90-R]. De Psycholoog 2004, 39:368-371.
6. Arrindell W.A., Boomsma A., Ettema H., Stewart R. Verdere steun voor het multidimensionale karakter van de SCL-90-R [Further support for the multidimensional nature of the SCL-90-R]. De Psycholoog 2004, 39:195-201.
7. Bernaards C.A., Sijtsma K. Influence of simple imputation and EM methods on factor analysis when item nonresponse in questionnaire data is nonignorable. Multivariate Behavioral Research 2000, 35:321-364.
8. Cyr J.J., McKenna-Foley J.M., Peacock E. Factor structure of the SCL-90-R: is there one?. Journal of Personality Assessment 1985, 49:571-578.
9. Derogatis L.R. SCL-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual 1994, National Computer Systems, Minneapolis, MN.
10. Elliott R., Fox C.M., Beltyukova S.A., Stone G.E., Gunderson J., Zhang X. Deconstructing therapy outcome measurement with rasch analysis of a measure of general clinical distress: the Symptom Checklist-90-revised. Psychological Assessment 2006, 18:359-372.
11. Hafkenscheid A. Hoe multidimensionaal is de Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) nu eigenlijk? [How multidimensional is the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) really?]. De Psycholoog 2004, 39:191-194.
12. Hafkenscheid A., Maassen G., Veeninga A. The dimensions of the Dutch SCL-90: more than one, but how many?. Netherlands Journal of Psychology 2007, 63:25-30.
13. Haraldsen I.R., Dahl A.A. Symptom profiles of gender dysphoric patients of transsexual type compared to patients with personality disorders and healthy adults. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2000, 102:276-281.
14. Holi M.M., Sammallahti P.R., Aalberg V.A. A Finnish validation study of the SCL-90. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1998, 97:42-46.
15. Karterud S., Pedersen G., Bjordal E., Brabrand J., Friis S., Haaseth O., Haavaldsen G., Irion T., Leirvag H., Torum E., Urnes O. Day treatment of patients with personality disorders: experiences from a Norwegian treatment research network. Journal of Personality Disorders 2003, 17:243-262.
16. Karterud S., Pedersen G., Friis S., Urnes Ø., Irion T., Brabrand J., Falkum L.R., Leirvåg H. The Norwegian network of psychotherapeutic day hospitals. Therapeutic Communities 1998, 19:15-28.
17. Kreukels B.P.C., Haraldsen I.R., De Cuypere G., Richter-Appelt H., Gijs L., Cohen Kettenis P.T. A European network for the investigation of gender incongruence: the ENIGI initiative. European Psychiatry 2010, 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.009.
18. Leinonen E., Niemi H. The influence of educational information on depressed outpatients treated with escitalopram: a semi-naturalistic study. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2007, 61:109-114.
19. Meijer R.R., Baneke J.J. Analyzing psychopathology items: a case for nonparametric item response theory modeling. Psychological Methods 2004, 9:354-368.
20. Meijer R.R., de Vries R.M., van Bruggen V. An evaluation of the brief symptom inventory-18 using item response theory: which items are most strongly related to psychological distress?. Psychological Assessment 2011, 23:193-202.
21. Meijer, R.R., Egberink, I.J.L. Investigating Invariant Item Ordering in Personality and Clinical Scales: Some empirical findings and a Discussion. Educational and Psychological Measurement,, in press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164411429344.
22. Meyer-Bahlburg H. From mental disorder to iatrogenic hypogonadism: dilemmas in conceptualizing gender identity variants as psychiatric conditions. Archives of Sexual Behavior 2010, 39:461-476.
23. Mokken R.J. A Theory and Procedure of Scale Analysis 1971, Mouton, The Hague.
24. Mokken R.J. Nonparametric models for dichotomous responses. Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory 1997, 351-367. Springer, New York. W.J. van der Linden, R.K. Hambleton (Eds.).
25. Molenaar I.W. Nonparametric models for polytomous responses. Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory 1997, 369-380. Springer, New York. W.J. van der Linden, R.K. Hambleton (Eds.).
26. Molenaar I.W., Sijtsma K. MSP5 for Windows. iecProGAMMA 2000, Groningen, The Netherlands.
27. Olsen L.R., Mortensen E.L., Bech P. The SCL-90 and SCL-90R versions validated by item response models in a Danish community sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2004, 110:225-229.
28. Paap M.C.S., Kreukels B.P.C., Cohen-Kettenis P.T., Richter-Appelt H., de Cuypere G., Haraldsen I.R. Assessing the utility of diagnostic criteria: a multisite study on gender identity disorder. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2011, 8:180-190.
29. Paap M.C.S., Meijer R.R., van Bebber J., Pedersen G., Karterud S., Hellem F.M., Haraldsen I.R. A study of the dimensionality and measurement precision of the SCL-90-R using item response theory. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 2011, 20:e39-e55.
30. Schmitz N., Hartkamp N., Kiuse J., Franke G.H., Reister G., Tress W. The Symptom Check-List-90-R (SCL-90-R): a German validation study. Quality of Life Research 2000, 9:185-193.
31. Schwarzwald J., Weisenberg M., Solomon Z. Factor invariance of SCL-90-R: the case of combat stress reaction. Psychological Assessment 1991, 3:385-390.
32. Sheehan, D.V., Lecrubier, Y., 1994. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). University of South Florida Institute fore Research in Psychiatry/INSERM-HÔpital de la Salpétrière, Tampa, FL/Paris.
33. Sijtsma K., Emons W.H., Bouwmeester S., Nyklicek I., Roorda L.D. Nonparametric IRT analysis of Quality-of-Life Scales and its application to the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-Bref). Quality of Life Research 2008, 17:275-290.
34. Sijtsma K., Meijer R.R., van der Ark L.A. Mokken scale analysis as time goes by: an update for scaling practitioners. Personality and Individual Differences 2011, 50:31-37.
35. Sijtsma K., Molenaar I.W. Introduction to Nonparametric Item Response Theory 2002, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
36. Sijtsma K., van der Ark L.A. Investigation and treatment of missing item scores in test and questionnaire data. Multivariate Behavioral Research 2003, 38:505-528.
37. SPSS SPSS for Windows, Rel. 16.0.1 2007, SPSS Inc., Chicago.
38. van Ginkel J.R., van der Ark L.A. SPSS syntax for missing value imputation in test and questionnaire data. Applied Psychological Measurement 2005, 29:152-153.
39. Vassend O., Skrondal A. The problem of structural indeterminacy in multidimensional symptom report instruments. The case of SCL-90-R. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1999, 37:685-701.
40. WHO The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines 1992, World Health Organization, Geneva.
41. Wismeijer A.A.J. Dimensionality analysis of the thought suppression inventory: combining EFA, MSA, and CFA. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2011.
42. Wismeijer A.A.J., Sijtsma K., van Assen M.A.L.M., Vingerhoets A.J.J.M. A comparative study of the dimensionality of the self-concealment scale using principal components analysis and Mokken scale analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment 2008, 90:323-334.