Appearance-based interventions to reduce ultraviolet exposure and/or increase sun protection intentions and behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analyses

British Journal of Health Psychology

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 182-217

  Williams, Alison L ^a   Grogan, Sarah ^a   Clark Carter, David ^a   Buckley, Emily ^a  

^a STAFFORDSHIRE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIOR; CUTANEOUS PARAMETERS; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; MALE; META ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; SUNLIGHT; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; INTENTION; MALE; SKIN AGING; SUNLIGHT; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

MLCS; MLOWN;

EID: 84872375028     PISSN: 1359107X     EISSN: 20448287     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02089.x     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Azjen, I., (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. doi 10.1016/0749-5978(91) 90020-T
2. Ajzen, I., &, Fishbein, M., (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
3. Barron, D. A., Kreiger, S., Butler, H. A., Mahler, H. I., Kulik, J. A., Dykstra, J. L.,., Gerrard, M., (2007). Motivating safer sun protection behaviours through an appearance-based intervention in two distinct regions. Annals of Behavioural Medicine, 33, 205-235.
4. Baumann, S., (2008). The moral underpinnings of beauty: A meaning-based explanation for light and dark complexions in advertising. Poetics, 36, 2-23. doi: 10.1016/j.poetic.2007.11.002
5. Becker, H. M., (1974). The health belief model and personal health behaviour. Thorofare, NJ: Slack.
6. Borland, R., Hill, D., &, Noy, S., (1990). Being Sunsmart: Changes in community awareness and reported behaviour following a primary prevention program for skin cancer control. Behaviour Change, 7, 126-135.
7. Borland, R. M., Hocking, B., Godkin, G. A., Gibbs, A. F., &, Hill, D. J., (1991). The impact of a skin cancer control education package for outdoor workers. The Medical Journal of Australia, 154, 686-688.
8. Brooks, K., Brooks, D., Dajani, Z., Swetter, S. M., Powers, E., &, Pagoto, S., (2006). Use of artificial tanning products among young adults. Academy of Dermatology, 54, 1060-1066. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.01.014
9. Cancer Research UK (2011). Skin Cancer-UK Mortality Statistics. Retrieved from http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/skin/mortality/
10. Charles, P., Giraudeau, B., Dechartres, A., Baron, G., &, Ravaud, P., (2009). Reporting of sample size calculation in randomised controlled trials: Review. British Medical Journal, 338, b1732.
11. Clark-Carter, D., (2010). Quantitative psychological research. Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
12. Cohen, J., (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
13. Dissel, M., Rotterdam, S., Altmeyer, P., &, Gambichler, T., (2009). Indoor tanning in North Rhine-Westphalia Germany: A self-reported survey. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 25, 94-100.doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2009.00417.x
14. Dixon, H., Dobbinson, S., Wakefield, M., Jamsen, K., &, McLeod, K., (2008). Portrayal of tanning, clothing fashion and shade use in Australian women's magazines, 1987-2005. Health Education Research, 23, 791-802. doi: 10.1093/her/cym057
15. Dodd, L. J., &, Forshaw, M. J., (2010). Assessing the efficacy of appearance-focused interventions to prevent skin cancer: A systematic review of the literature. Health Psychology Review, 4, 93-111. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2010. 485393
16. Ezzedine, K., Malvy, D., Mauger, E., Nageotte, O., Galan, P., Hercberg, S., &, Guinot, C., (2008). Artificial and natural ultraviolet radiation exposure: Beliefs and behaviour of 7200 French adults. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venerology, 22, 189-194. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083. 2007.02367.x
17. Festinger, L., (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140. doi: 10.1177/001872675400700202
18. Geller, A. C., Colditz, G., Oliveria, S., Emmons, K., Jorgensen, C., &, Aweh, G. N., (2002). Use of sunscreen, sunburning rates, and tanning bed use among more than 10,000 US children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 109, 1009-1014.doi: 10.1542/peds.109.6.1009
19. Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Mahler, H. I. M., &, Kulik, J. A., (2007). Long-term effects of appearance-based interventions on sun protection behaviours. Health Psychology, 26, 350-360. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.26.3.350
20. Gibbons, F. X., &, Gerrard, M., (1997). Health images and their effects on health behavior. In, B. P. Buunk, &, F. X. Gibbons, (Eds.), Health, coping, and well-being (pp. 63-94). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
21. Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Lane, D. J., Mahler, H. I. M., &, Kulik, J. A., (2005). Using UV photography to reduce use of tanning booths: A test of cognitive mediation. Health Psychology, 24, 358-363. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24. 4.358
22. Girgis, A., Sanson-Fisher, R. W., &, Watson, A., (1994). A workplace intervention for measuring outdoor workers' use of solar protection. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 77-81. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.84.1.77
23. Grubbs, L. M., &, Tabano, M., (2000). Use of sunscreen in health care professionals. The health belief model. Cancer Nursing, 23, 164-167. doi: 10.1097/00002820-200006000-00002
24. Hevy, D., Pertl, M., Thomas, K., Mahler, L., Craig, A., &, Ni Chuinneagain, S., (2010). Body consciousness moderates the effect of message framing on intentions to use sunscreen. Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 553-560. doi: 10.1177/1359105309355335
25. Hillhouse, J. J., Adler, C. M., Drinnon, J., &, Turrisi, R., (1997). Application of Azjen's theory of planned behavior to predict sunbathing, tanning salon use, and sunscreen use intentions and behaviors. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 20, 365-378.
26. Hillhouse, J. J., &, Turrisi, R., (2002). Examination of the efficacy of an appearance-focused intervention to reduce UV exposure. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 25, 395-409. doi: 10.1023/A:1015870516460
27. Hillhouse, J. J., Turrisi, R., Holwiski, F., &, McVeigh, S., (1999). An examination of psychological variables relevant to artificial tanning tendencies. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 1-2.
28. Hillhouse, J., Turrisi, R., Stapleton, J., &, Robinson, J., (2008). A randomised controlled trial of an appearance-focussed intervention to prevent skin cancer. Cancer, 113, 3257-3266. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23922
29. Hillhouse, J., Turrisi, R., Stapleton, J., &, Robinson, J., (2010). Effect of seasonal affective disorder and pathological tanning motives on efficacy of an appearance-focused intervention to prevent skin cancer. Archives of Dermatology, 145, 484-491.
30. Hoegh, H. J., Davis, B. D., &, Manthe, A. F., (1999). Sun avoidance practices among non-Hispanic white Californians. Health Education and Behaviour, 26, 360-368. doi: 10.1177/109019819902600306
31. Ismail, K., Winkley, K., &, Rabe-Hesketh, S., (2004). Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet, 36, 1589-1597. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16202-8
32. Jaccard, J., (1981). Attitudes and behavior: Implications for attitudes toward behavioural alternatives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 286-307. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(81)90029-9
33. Jackson, K. M., &, Aiken, L. S., (2006). Evaluation of a multi-component appearance-based sun-protective intervention for young women: Uncovering the mechanisms of program efficacy. Health Psychology, 25, 34-46. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.34
34. Jones, J. L., &, Leary, M. R., (1994). Effects of appearance-based admonitions against sun exposure on tanning intentions in young adults. Health Psychology, 13, 86-90. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.13.1.86
35. Kahneman, D., &, Tversky, A., (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decisions under risk. Econometrica, 47, 313-327.
36. Kollias, N., Gillies, R., &, Cohen-Goihman, C., (1997). Fluorescence photography in the evaluation of hyperpigmentation in photodamaged skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 36, 226-230. doi: 10.1016/S0190- 9622(97)70285-8
37. Lechner, L., &, de Vries, H., (2002). Sunbed use at home: Risk behaviour and psychosocial determinants. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 11, 333-341. doi: 10.1097/00008469-200208000-00004
38. Mahler, H. I. M., Beckerley, S. E., &, Vogel, M. T., (2010a). Effects of media images on attitudes towards tanning. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32, 118-127. doi: 10.1080/01973531003738296
39. Mahler, H. I. M., Fitzpatrick, B., Parker, P., &, Lapin, A., (1997). The relative effects of a health-based versus an appearance-based intervention designed to increase sunscreen use. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11, 426-429.
40. Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Butler, H. A., Gerrard, M., &, Gibbons, F. X., (2008). Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention. Social Science and Medicine, 67, 321-329. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.037
41. Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Gerrard, M., &, Gibbons, F. X., (2006). Effects of two appearance-based interventions on the sun protection behaviours of southern California beach patrons. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28, 263-272. doi: 10.1207/s15324834basp2803 -5
42. Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Gerrard, M., &, Gibbons, F. X., (2007). Long-term effects of appearance-based interventions on sun protection behaviours. Health Psychology, 26, 350-360. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.26.3.350
43. Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Gerrard, M., &, Gibbons, F. X., (2010b). Effects of upward and d ownward social comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention: A randomized, controlled experiment. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 33, 496-507. doi: 10.1007/s10865-010-9279-3
44. Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., &, Harrell, J., (2003). Effects of appearance-based interventions on sun protection intentions and self-reported behaviours. Health Psychology, 22, 199-209. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.26.3.350
45. Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Harrell, J., Correa, A., Gibbons, F. X., &, Gerrard, M., (2005). Effects of UV photographs, photoaging information, and use of sunless tanning lotion on sun protection behaviours. Archives of Dermatology, 141, 373-380.
46. McClendon, B. T., &, Prentice-Dunn, S., (2001). Reducing skin cancer risk: An intervention based on protection motivation theory. Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 321-328.
47. Mermelstein, R. J., &, Riesenberg, L. A., (1992). Changing knowledge and attitudes about skin cancer risk factors in adolescents. Health Psychology, 11, 371-376. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.11.6.371
48. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., &, Altman, D. G., (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6, e1000097.
49. National Health Service (2011). Keep Skin Safe in the Sun. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/skin/Pages/Sunsafe.aspx
50. Novick, M., (1997). To burn or not to burn: Use of computer-enhanced stimuli to encourage application of sunscreens. Cutis, 60, 105-108.
51. Olson, A., Gaffney, C. A., Starr, P., &, Dietrich, A. J., (2008). The impact of an appearance-based educational intervention on adolescent intention to use sunscreen. Health Education Research, 23, 763-769. doi: 10.1093/her/cym005
52. Pagoto, S. L., McChargue, D., &, Fuqua, R. W., (2003). Effects of a multicomponent intervention on motivation and sun protection behaviors among midwestern beachgoers. Health Psychology, 22, 429-433. doi: 10.1037/0278-61338. 22.4.429
53. Pagoto, S. L., Schneider, K. L., &, Oleski, J., (2010). The sunless study a beach randomized trial of a skin cancer prevention intervention promoting sunless tanning. Archives of Dermatology, 146, 979-984.
54. PRISMA (2011). Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Retrieved from http://www.prisma-statement.org/index.htm
55. Prochaska, J. O., &, DiClemente, C. C., (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consultant Clinical Psychology, 51, 390-395.
56. Roberts, D. C., &, Black, D., (2009). Comparison of interventions to reduce sun exposure. Behavioural Medicine, 35, 67-76.
57. Rogers, R. W., (1983). Cognitive and physiological processes in fear appeals and attitude change: A revised theory of protection motivation. In, J. R. Cacioppo, &, R. E. Petty, (Eds.), Social psychology: A sourcebook (pp. 153-176). New York: Guilford Press.
58. Rosenthal, R., (1991). Meta-analytic procedures for social research. London: Sage.
59. Rossi, J. S., Blais, L. M., &, Weinstock, M. A., (1994). The Rhode Island Sun Smart Project: Skin cancer prevention reaches the beaches. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 672-674. doi: 10.1016/S0738-081X(98)00013-3
60. Stock, M. L., Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Dykstra, D., Mahler, H., Walsh, A., &, Kulikm, S., (2009). Sun protection intervention for highway workers: Long-term efficacy of UV photography and skin cancer information on men's protective cognitions and behaviour. Annals of Behavioural Medicine, 38, 225-236. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9151-2
61. Stoebner-Delbarre, A., Thezenas, S., Kuntz, C., Nguyen, C., Giordanella, J. P., Sancho-Garnier, H., &, Guillot, B., (2005). Sun exposure and sun protection behavior and attitudes among the French population. Annales de Deratologie et de Venereologie, 132, 652-657. doi: 10.1016/S0151-9638(05)79412-6
62. Turrisi, R., Hillhouse, J., &, Gebert, C., (1998). Examination of cognitive variables relevant to sunbathing. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 21, 299-313. doi: 10.1023/A:1018773101658
63. Weinstock, M. A., Rossi, J. S., Redding, C. A., &, Maddock, J. E., (2002). Randomized controlled community trial of the efficacy of a multicomponent stage-matched intervention to increase sun protection among beachgoers. Preventive Medicine, 35, 584-592. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2002.1114
64. World Health Organization (2010). Ultraviolet Radiation and the INTERSUN Program. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/uv/faq/skincancer/en/index1.html