Chronic fatigue syndrome

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 110, Issue , 2013, Pages 303-314

  Moss Morris, Rona ^a   Deary, Vincent ^b   Castell, Bronwyn ^c  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872353986     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52901-5.00025-3     Document Type: Chapter

References (136)

1. Ablashi D. Summary: Viral studies of chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994, 18:S130-S133.
2. Beck A., Rush A., Shaw B., et al. Cognitive Therapy of Depression 1979, Guilford Press, New York.
3. Baker R., Shaw E. Diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy): summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2007, 335:446-448.
4. Bazelmans E., Prins J., Bleijenberg G. Cognitive behaviour therapy for relatively active and for passive chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Cogn Behav Pract 2006, 13:157-166.
5. Bentall R., Powell P., Nye F., et al. Predictors or response to treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 2002, 181:248-252.
6. Berelowitz G., Burgess A., Thanabalasingham T., et al. Post-hepatitis syndrome revisited. J Viral Hepat 1995, 2:133-138.
7. Blacker C., Greenwood D., Wesnes K., et al. Effect of galantamine hydrobromide in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004, 292:1195-1204.
8. Buchwald D., Ashley R., Pearlman T., et al. Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Med Virol 1996, 50:25-30.
9. Buchwald D., Rea T., Katon W., et al. Acute infectious mononucleosis: characteristics of patients who report failure to recover. Am J Med 2000, 109:531-537.
10. Buchwald D., Herrell R., Ashton S., et al. A twin study of chronic fatigue. Psychosom Med 2001, 63:936-943.
11. Cairns R., Hotopf M. A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Occup Med 2005, 55:20-31.
12. Cameron B., Bharadwaj M., Burrows J., et al. Prolonged illness following infectious mononucleosis is associated with altered immunity but not elevated viral load. J Infect Dis 2006, 193:664-671.
13. Candy B., Chalder T., Cleare A., et al. A randomised controlled trial of a psycho-educational intervention to aid recovery in infectious mononucleosis. J Psychosom Res 2004, 57:89-94.
14. Carruthers B., Jain A., De Meirleir K., et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical working case definition, diagnostic and treatment protocols. J Chronic Fatigue Syndr 2003, 11:7-114.
15. Castell B., Kazantzis N., Moss-Morris R. Cognitive behavior therapy and graded exercise for chronic fatigue syndrome: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 2011, 18:311-324.
16. Chalder T. Cognitive behavioural treatment for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Br J Ther Rehabil 1997, 4:655-658.
17. Chalder T (1998). Factors contributing to the development and maintenance of fatigue in primary care. PhD thesis. University of London, London.
18. Chalder T., Deale A., Wessely S. Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. Difficult Problems in Psychiatry 1999, 135-153. Martin Dunitz, London. M. Lader, D. Naber (Eds.).
19. Chalder T., Deary V., Hussein K., et al. Family focused cognitive behaviour therapy versus behaviourally oriented psycho-education for chronic fatigue syndrome in 11-18 year olds: a randomised controlled treatment trial. Psychol Med 2010, 40:1269-1279.
20. Chambers D., Bagnall A., Hempel S., et al. Interventions for the treatment, management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: an updated systematic review. J R Soc Med 2006, 99:506-520.
21. Chen R., Liang F., Moriya J., et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome and the central nervous system. J Int Med Res 2008, 36:867-874.
22. Cho H., Skowera A., Cleare A., et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: an update focusing on phenomenology and pathophysiology. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2006, 19:67-73.
23. Clark C., Buchwald D., MacIntyre A., et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a step toward agreement. Lancet 2002, 359:97-98.
24. Clarke L., White P. The role of deconditioning and therapeutic exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). J Ment Health 2005, 14:237-253.
25. Cleare A. Hydrocortisone treatment in CFS. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2002, 5:S3-S5.
26. Cleare A. The HPA axis and the genesis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2004, 15:55-59.
27. Cleare A., Heap E., Malhi G., et al. Low-dose hydrocortisone in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised crossover trial. Lancet 1999, 353:455-458.
28. Cope H., David A., Pelosi A., et al. Predictors of chronic "postviral" fatigue. Lancet 1994, 344:864-868.
29. Dantzer R. Somatisation: a psychoneuroimmune perspective. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005, 30:947-952.
30. Deale A., Chalder T., Marks I., et al. Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 1997, 154:408-414.
31. Deale A., Husain K., Chalder T., et al. Long-term outcome of cognitive behavior therapy versus relaxation therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a 5-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158:2038-2042.
32. Deary V., Chalder T. Personality and perfectionism in chronic fatigue syndrome: a closer look. Psychol Health 2010, 25:465-475.
33. Deary V., Chalder T., Sharpe M. The cognitive behavioural model of medically unexplained symptoms: a theoretical and empirical review. Clin Psychol Rev 2007, 27:781-797.
34. Dennison L., Stanbrook R., Moss-Morris R., et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy and psycho-education for chronic fatigue syndrome in young people: reflections from the families' perspective. Br J Health Psychol 2010, 15:167-183.
35. Dowrick C., Ring A., Humphris G., et al. Normalisation of unexplained symptoms by general practitioners: a functional typology. Br J Gen Pract 2004, 54:165-170.
36. Edmonds M., McGuire H., Price J. Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004, 3. CD003200.
37. Epstein K. The chronically fatigued patient. Med Clin North Am 1995, 79:315-327.
38. Euba R., Chalder T., Deale A., et al. A comparison of the characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome in primary and tertiary care. Br J Psychiatry 1995, 67:1-6.
39. Fries E., Hesse J., Hellhammer J., et al. A new view on hypocortisolism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005, 30:1010-1016.
40. Fukuda K., Straus S., Hickie I., International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group, et al. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Ann Intern Med 1994, 121:953-959.
41. Fulcher K., White P. Randomised controlled trial of graded exercise in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ 1997, 314:1647-1652.
42. Gaab J., Engert V., Heitz V., et al. Associations between neuroendocrine responses to the Insulin Tolerance Test and patient characteristics in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2004, 56:419-424.
43. Gaab J., Rohleder N., Heitz V., et al. Stress-induced changes in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005, 30:188-198.
44. Gerrity T., Papanicolaou D., Amsterdam J., et al. Immunologic aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome. Report on a Research Symposium convened by The CFIDS Association of America and co-sponsored by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. Neuroimmunomodulation 2004, 11:351-357.
45. Gold P., Chrousos G. Organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in melancholic and atypical depression: high vs low CRH/NE states. Mol Psychiatry 2002, 7:254-275.
46. Gordon B., Knapman L., Lubitz L. Graduated exercise training and progressive resistance training in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil 2010, 24:1072-1079.
47. Harvey S., Wadsworth M., Wessely S., et al. Etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: testing popular hypotheses using a National Birth Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2008, 70:488-495.
48. Hatcher S., House A. Life events, difficulties and dilemmas in the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study. Psychol Med 2003, 33:1185-1192.
49. Heim C., Wagner D., Maloney E., et al. Early adverse experience and risk for chronic fatigue syndrome: results from a population-based study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006, 63:1258-1266.
50. Heim C., Nater U., Maloney E., et al. Childhood trauma and risk for chronic fatigue syndrome: association with neuroendocrine dysfunction. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009, 66:72-80.
51. Hickie I., Davenport T., Wakefield D., et al. Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2006, 333:575.
52. Hofmann S., Sawyer A., Witt A., et al. The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol 2010, 78:169-183.
53. Hotchin N., Read R., Smith D., et al. Active Epstein-Barr virus infection in postviral fatigue syndrome. J Infect 1989, 18:143-150.
54. Hotopf M., Noah N., Wessely S. Chronic fatigue and minor psychiatric morbidity after viral meningitis: a controlled study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996, 60:504-509.
55. Hou R., Moss-Morris R., Bradley B., et al. Attentional bias towards health-threat information in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2008, 65:47-50.
56. Ilardi S., Craighead W. The role of non-specific factors in cognitive behaviour therapy for depression. Clin Psychol Sci Prac 1994, 1:138-156.
57. International Statistical Classification of Diseases Related Health Problems 10th Revision 2007, http://www.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online/.
58. Jason L., Richman J., Rademaker A., et al. A community-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Intern Med 1999, 159:2129-2137.
59. Jason L., Torres-Harding S., Friedberg F., et al. Non-pharmacologic interventions for CFS: a randomized trial. J Clin Psychol Med S 2007, 14:275-296.
60. Kato K., Sullivan P., Evengard B., et al. Premorbid predictors of chronic fatigue. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006, 63:1267-1272.
61. Kawai K., Kawai A. Studies on the relationship between chronic fatigue syndrome and Epstein-Barr virus in Japan. Intern Med 1992, 31:313-318.
62. Kempke S., Goossens L., Luyten P., et al. Predictors of outcome in a multi-component treatment program for chronic fatigue syndrome. J Affect Disord 2010, 126:174-179.
63. Kirmayer L., Groleau D., Looper K., et al. Explaining medically unexplained symptoms. Can J Psychiatry 2004, 49:649-651.
64. Knoop H. Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: where to go from here?. Clin Psychol Sci Prac 2011, 18:325-330.
65. Knoop H., van der Meer J., Bleijenberg G. Guided self-instructions for people with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2008, 193:340-341.
66. Knoop H., Prins J., Moss-Morris R., et al. The central role of cognitive processes in the perpetuation of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2010, 68:489-494.
67. Komaroff A., Buchwald D. Symptoms and signs of chronic fatigue syndrome. Rev Infect Dis 1991, 13:S8-S11.
68. Kuyken W., Padesky C., Dudley R. The science and practice of case conceptualization. Behav Cogn Psychoth 2008, 36:757-768.
69. Landay A., Jessop C., Lennette E., et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical condition associated with immune activation. Lancet 1991, 338:701-712.
70. Lehman A., Lehman D., Hemphill K., et al. Illness experience, depression, and anxiety in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2002, 52:461-465.
71. Levy J. Viral studies of chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994, 18(Suppl 1):S117-S120.
72. Lewis D., Mayberg H., Fischer M., et al. Monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome: regional cerebral blood flow SPECT. Radiology 2001, 219:766-773.
73. Lloyd A., Hales J., Gandevia S. Muscle strength, endurance and recovery in the post-infection fatigue syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988, 51:1316-1322.
74. Lloyd A., Hickie I., Boughton C., et al. Prevalence of chronic fatigue in an Australian population. Med J Aust 1990, 153:522-528.
75. Looper K., Kirmayer L. Perceived stigma in functional somatic syndromes and comparable medical conditions. J Psychosom Res 2004, 57:373-378.
76. MacDonald K., Osterholm M., LeDell K., et al. A case-controlled study to assess possible triggers and cofactors in chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med 1996, 100:548-554.
77. Maher-Edwards L., Fernie B., Murphy G., et al. Meta-cognitions and negative emotions as predictors of symptom severity in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2010, 70:311-317.
78. Malouff J., Thorsteinsson E., Rooke S., et al. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2008, 28:736-745.
79. McKenzie R., O'Fallon A., Dale J., et al. Low dose hydrocortisone for treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998, 285:1061-1066.
80. Morriss R., Wearden A., Battersby L. The relation of sleep difficulties to fatigue, mood and disability in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 1997, 42:597-605.
81. Moss-Morris R. The role of illness beliefs and behaviours in the development and perpetuation of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Ment Health 2005, 14:223-235.
82. Moss-Morris R., Chalder T. Illness perceptions and levels of disability in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2003, 55:305-308.
83. Moss-Morris R., Petrie K. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (The Experience of Illness) 2000, Routledge, London.
84. Moss-Morris R., Spence M. To "lump" or to "split" the functional somatic syndromes: can infectious and emotional risk factors differentiate between the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome?. Psychosom Med 2006, 68:463-469.
85. Moss-Morris R., Sharon C., Tobin R., et al. A randomized controlled graded exercise trial for chronic fatigue syndrome: outcomes and mechanisms of change. J Health Psychol 2005, 10:245-259.
86. Moss-Morris R., Spence M., Hou R. The pathway from glandular fever to chronic fatigue syndrome: can the cognitive behavioural model provide the map?. Psychol Med 2011, 41:1099-1108.
87. Moss-Morris R., Weinman J., Petrie K.J., et al. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Psychology and Health 2002, 17:1-16.
88. Nijs J., Almond D., de Becker P., et al. Can exercise limits prevent post-exertional malaise in chronic fatigue syndrome? An uncontrolled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil 2008, 22:426-435.
89. Noonan M., Lindner H., Walker K. Chronic fatigue syndrome severity and depression: the role of secondary beliefs. J Rational-Emotive Cogn-Behav Ther 2009, 28:73-86.
90. O'Dowd H., Gladwell P., Rogers C., et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised controlled trial of an outpatient group programme. Health Technol Assess 2006, 10:1-121.
91. Powell P., Bentall R., Nye F., et al. Randomised controlled trial of patient education to encourage graded exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ 2001, 322:387.
92. Price J., Mitchell E., Tidy E., et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome in adults. [update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; 2: CD001027]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, 3. CD001027.
93. Prins J., Bleijenberg G., Bazelmans E., et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001, 357:841-847.
94. Prins J., Bos E., Huibers M., et al. Social support and the persistence of complaints in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychother Psychosom 2004, 73:174-182.
95. Quarmby L., Rimes K., Deale A., et al. Cognitive-behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: comparison of outcomes within and outside the confines of a randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2007, 45:1085-1094.
96. Raine R., Carter S., Sensky T., et al. General practitioners' perceptions of chronic fatigue syndrome and beliefs about its management, compared with irritable bowel syndrome. Qualitative study. BMJ 2004, 328:1354-1357.
97. Reyes M., Nisenbaum R., Hoaglin D., et al. Prevalence and incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome in Wichita, Kansas. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163:1530-1536.
98. Rimes KA., Wingrove J. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with chronic fatigue syndrome still experiencing excessive fatigue after cognitive behaviour therapy: a pilot randomized study. Clin Psychol Psychot 2011, 10.1002/cpp. 793.
99. Roberts A., Wessely S., Chalder T., et al. Salivary cortisol response to awakening in chronic fatigue syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 2004, 184:136-141.
100. Salit I. Precipitating factors for the chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychiatr Res 1997, 31:59-65.
101. Salmon P., Dowrick C., Ring A., et al. Voiced but unheard agendas: qualitative analysis of the psychosocial cues that patients with unexplained symptoms present to general practitioners. Br J Gen Pract 2004, 54:171-176.
102. Schur E., Afari N., Goldberg J., et al. Twin analyses of fatigue. Twin Res Hum Genet 2007, 10:729-733.
103. Sharpe M., Archard L., Banatvala J., et al. A report-chronic fatigue syndrome: guidelines for research. J R Soc Med 1991, 84:118-121.
104. Sharpe M., Hawton K., Simkin S., et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for the chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMJ 1996, 312:22-26.
105. Steincamp J. Overload: Beating M.E. The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1989, Fontana, London.
106. Straus S., Dale J., Tobi M., et al. Acyclovir treatment of the chronic fatigue syndrome: lack of efficacy in a placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:1692-1698.
107. Stulemeijer M., de Jong L., Fiselier T., et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2005, 330:14.
108. Surawy C., Hackmann A., Hawton K., et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a cognitive approach. Behav Res Ther 1995, 33:535-544.
109. Surawy C., Roberts J., Silver A. The effect of mindfulnes training on mood and measures of fatigue, activity, and quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome on a hospital waiting list: a series of exploratory studies. Behav Cogn Psychother 2005, 33:103-109.
110. Tanriverdi F., Karaca Z., Unluhizarci K., et al. The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome. Stress 2007, 10:13-25.
111. Taylor R., Jason L. Sexual abuse, physical abuse, chronic fatigue, and chronic fatigue syndrome: a community-based study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2001, 189:709-715.
112. Torres-Harding S., Sorenson M., Jason L., et al. The associations between basal salivary cortisol and illness symptomatology in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Appl Biobehav Res 2008, 13:157-180.
113. Unger E., Nisenbaum R., Moldofsky H., et al. Sleep assessment in a population-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Neurol 2006, 4:6-14.
114. Van Den Eede F., Moorkens G., Van Houdenhove B., et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsychobiology 2007, 55:112-120.
115. Van Den Eede F., Moorkens G., Hulstijn W., et al. Combined dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing factor test in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychol Med 2008, 38:963-973.
116. Van Houdenhove B., Neerinckx E., Onghena P., et al. Premorbid "overactive" lifestyle in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia: an etiological factor or proof of good citizenship?. J Psychosom Res 2001, 51:571-576.
117. Van Houdenhove B., Neerinckx E., Onghena P., et al. Daily hassles reported by chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia patients in tertiary care: a controlled quantitative and qualitative study. Psychother Psychosom 2002, 71:207-213.
118. Viner R., Hotopf M. Childhood predictors of self reported chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in adults: national birth cohort study. BMJ 2004, 329:941.
119. Vollmer-Conna U., Hickie I., Hadzi-Pavlovic D., et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin is ineffective in the treatment of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med 1997, 103:38-43.
120. Wallman K., Sacco P. Sense of effort during a fatiguing exercise protocol in chronic fatigue syndrome. Res Sports Med 2007, 15:47-59.
121. Wearden A., Morriss R., Mullis R., et al. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial of fluoxetine and graded exercise for chronic fatigue syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 1998, 172:485-490.
122. Wearden A., Dowrick C., Chew-Graham C., et al. Nurse led, home-based self help treatment for patients in primary care with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010, 340:c1777.
123. Weatherley-Jones E., Nicholl J.P., Thomas K.J., et al. A randomised, controlled, triple-blind trial of the efficacy of homeopathic treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2004, 56:189-197.
124. Wells A. Detached mindfulness in cognitive therapy: a metacognitive analysis and ten techniques. J Rational-Emotive Cogn-Behav Therapy 2005, 23:337-355.
125. Wessely S. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a twentieth century illness?. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997, 23:17-34.
126. Wessely S., Powell R. Fatigue syndromes: a comparison of chronic "postviral" fatigue with neuromuscular function. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989, 52:940-948.
127. Wessely S., David A., Butler S., et al. Management of chronic (post-viral) fatigue syndrome. J R Coll Gen Pract 1989, 39:26-29.
128. Wessely S., Chalder T., Hirsch S., et al. Postinfectious fatigue: prospective cohort study in primary care. Lancet 1995, 345:1333-1338.
129. Wessely S., Chalder T., Hirsch S., et al. The prevalence and morbidity of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective primary care study. Am J Public Health 1997, 87:1449-1455.
130. White C., Schweitzer R. The role of personality in the development and perpetuation of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 2000, 48:515-524.
131. White P., Thomas J., Kangro H., et al. Predictions and associations of fatigue syndromes and mood disorders that occur after infectious mononucleosis. Lancet 2001, 358:1946-1954.
132. White P., Goldsmith K., Johnson A., et al. Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial. Lancet 2011, 377:823-836.
133. Wiborg J., Knoop H., Stulemeijer M., et al. How does cognitive behaviour therapy reduce fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome? The role of physical activity. Psychol Med 2010, 40:1281-1287.
134. Wiborg J., Knoop H., Prins J., et al. Does a decrease in avoidance behaviour and focusing on fatigue mediate the effect of cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome?. J Psychosom Res 2011, 70:306-310.
135. Wildman M., Smith E., Groves J., et al. Chronic fatigue following infection by Coxiella burnetii (Q fever): ten-year follow-up of the 1989 UK outbreak cohort. Q J Med 2002, 95:527-538.
136. Zachrisson O., Regland B., Jahreskog M., et al. Treatment with staphylococcus toxoid in fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pain 2002, 6:455-466.