Ethical concerns for maternal surrogacy and reproductive tourism

Journal of Medical Ethics

Volumn 38, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 742-745

  Deonandan, Raywat ^a   Green, Samantha ^a   Van Beinum, Amanda ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; CUSTODY; DEVELOPED COUNTRY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EMBRYO TRANSFER; ETHICS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HUMAN; INDIA; INFANT; INFORMED CONSENT; LEGAL ASPECT; MATERNAL WELFARE; MEDICAL TOURISM; METHODOLOGY; MOTHER; NEWBORN; PATIENT ADVOCACY; POVERTY; PREGNANCY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; STANDARD; VULNERABLE POPULATION;

ADULT; CHILD; CHILD CUSTODY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COMMERCE; DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; EMBRYO TRANSFER; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIA; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFORMED CONSENT; MATERNAL WELFARE; MEDICAL TOURISM; PATIENT ADVOCACY; POVERTY; PREGNANCY; SURROGATE MOTHERS; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS;

EID: 84872268089     PISSN: 03066800     EISSN: 14734257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2012-100551     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Ferraretti AP, Pennings G, Gianaroli L, et al. Cross-border reproductive care: a phenomenon expressing the controversial aspects of reproductive technologies. Reprod BioMed Online 2010;20:261-6.
2. Fontanella-Khan A. India, the Rent-a-Womb Capital of the World: the country's booming 1market for surrogacy. Slate Magazine 23 Aug 2010. http://www.slate.com/id/2263136/
3. Brenhouse H. India's Rent-a-Womb Industry Faces New Restrictions. Time Magazine, USA. (Updated 5 Jun 2010; cited 1 Feb 2011). http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1993665,00.html
4. Nygren K, Adamson D, Zegers-Hochschild F, et al. Cross-border fertility care-International Committee Monitoring assisted reproductive technologies global survey: 2006 data and estimates. Fertil & Steril 2010;94:e4-10.
5. Johnston J. The ethics of outsourcing surrogate motherhood to India. Medscape J Med 2008;10:52.
6. Bardale R. Made in India? Ethics of outsourcing surrogate motherhood to India. Indian J Med Ethics 2009;6:56-7.
7. Qadeer I. Social and ethical basis of legislation on surrogacy: need for debate. Indian J Med Ethics 2009;6:28-31.
8. Parks JA. Care ethics and the global practice of commercial surrogacy. Bioethics 2010;24:333-40.
9. Pennings G, de Wert G, Shenfield F, et al. ESHRE Task Force on Ethics and Law 15: Cross-Border Reproductive Care. Hum Reprod 2008;23:2182-4.
10. Humbyrd C. Fair trade international surrogacy. Dev World Bioeth 2009;9:111-18.
11. Tieu MM. Altruistic surrogacy: the necessary objectification of surrogate mothers. J Med Ethics 2009;35:171-5.
12. Widdows H. Localized past, globalized future: towards an effective bioethical framework using examples from population genetics and medical tourism. Bioethics 2011;25:83-91.
13. American Medical Association. (Homepage on the Internet). Patient Physician Relationship Topics: Informed Consent. (Updated 1995; cited 1 Feb 2011). http://bit.ly/MWSguk
14. Krogstad DJ, Diop S, Diallo A, et al. Informed consent in international research: the rationale for different approaches. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010;83:743-7.
15. Gong G, Kosoko-Lasaki S, Haynatzki G, et al. Ethical, legal and social issues of genetic studies with African immigrants as research subjects. J Natl Med Assoc 2008;100:1073-7.
16. Lycett E. Surrogacy. In: Bentley G, Mace R, eds. Substitute Parents: Biological and Social Perspectives on Alloparenting in Human Societies. USA: Berghahn Books, 2009.
17. Hochschild A. Childbirth at the Global Crossroads. (Available on the Internet). The American Prospect. (Updated 5 Oct 2009; cited 1 Feb 2011). http://bit.ly/1GnVmK
18. Michigan Legislature. Surrogate Parenting Act (Act 199 of 1988). (Available on the Internet). Government of the State of Michigan. (Updated 198; cited 1 Feb 2011). http://1.usa.gov/PkGpSH
19. Ramasubramanian H. United Kingdom High Court rules on commercial surrogacy contracts. (Homepage on the Internet). Indian Surrogacy Law Centre. (Cited 1 Feb 2011). http://blog.indiansurrogacylaw.com
20. Min JK, Hughes E, Young D, et al. Joint Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada-Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee: elective single embryo transfer following in vitro fertilization. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2010;32:363-77.
21. Schieve LA, Meikle SF, Ferre C, et al. Low and very low birth weight in infants conceived with use of assisted reproductive technology. N Engl J Med 2002;346:731-7.
22. Hurst T, Shafir E, Lancaster P. Assisted conception Australia and New Zealand 1996. Assisted reproduction series no. 3. Sydney (AU): AIHW National Perinatal Statistics Unit, 1997.
23. Deech R. Reproductive tourism in Europe: infertility and human rights. Global Governance 2003;9:425-32.
24. Storrow RF. Quests for conception: fertility tourists, globalization, and feminist legal theory. Hastings Law J 2005;57:295-330.
25. Mulay S, Gibson E. Marketing of Assisted Human Reproduction and the Indian state. Development 2006;49:84-93.