Tumors of Miscellaneous Type or Uncertain Lineage

Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology: A Volume in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series, Expert Consult - Online and Print

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 276-305

  Folpe, Andrew L ^a  

^a Division of Anatomic Pathology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872267075     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-06688-7.00014-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (122)

1. Kindblom L.G., Stener B., Angervall L. Intramuscular myxoma. Cancer 1974, 34:1737-1744.
2. Meis J.M., Enzinger F.M. Juxta-articular myxoma: a clinical and pathologic study of 65 cases. Human Pathol 1992, 23:639-646.
3. Wirth W.A., Leavitt D., Enzinger F.M. Multiple intramuscular myxomas. Another extraskeletal manifestation of fibrous dysplasia. Cancer 1971, 27:1167-1173.
4. Allen P.W., Dymock R.B., MacCormac L.B. Superficial angiomyxomas with and without epithelial components. Report of 30 tumors in 28 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 1988, 12:519-530.
5. Calonje E., Guerin D., McCormick D., et al. Superficial angiomyxoma: clinicopathologic analysis of a series of distinctive but poorly recognized cutaneous tumors with tendency for recurrence. Am J Surg Pathol 1999, 23:910-917.
6. Carney J.A. The Carney complex (myxomas, spotty pigmentation, endocrine overactivity, and schwannomas). Dermatol Clin 1995, 13:19-26.
7. Carney J.A., Gordon H., Carpenter P.C., et al. The complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, and endocrine overactivity. Medicine (Baltimore) 1985, 64:270-283.
8. Fletcher C.D., Tsang W.Y., Fisher C., et al. Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva. A benign neoplasm distinct from aggressive angiomyxoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1992, 16:373-382.
9. Laskin W.B., Fetsch J.F., Mostofi F.K. Angiomyofibroblastomalike tumor of the male genital tract: analysis of 11 cases with comparison to female angiomyofibroblastoma and spindle cell lipoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1998, 22:6-16.
10. Nucci M.R., Fletcher C.D. Vulvovaginal soft tissue tumours: update and review. Histopathology 2000, 36:97-108.
11. Nucci M.R., Granter S.R., Fletcher C.D. Cellular angiofibroma: a benign neoplasm distinct from angiomyofibroblastoma and spindle cell lipoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1997, 21:636-644.
12. Silverman J.S., Albukerk J., Tamsen A. Comparison of angiomyofibroblastoma and aggressive angiomyxoma in both sexes: four cases composed of bimodal CD34 and factor XIIIa positive dendritic cell subsets. Pathol Res Pract 1997, 193:673-682.
13. Zamecnik M., Michal M. Comparison of angiomyofibroblastoma and aggressive angiomyxoma in both sexes: four cases composed of bimodal CD34 and factor XIIIa positive dendritic cell subsets [Letter]. Pathol Res Pract 1998, 194:736-738.
14. Fetsch J.F., Laskin W.B., Lefkowitz M., et al. Aggressive angiomyxoma: a clinicopathologic study of 29 female patients. Cancer 1996, 78:79-90.
15. Iezzoni J.C., Fechner R.E., Wong L.S., et al. Aggressive angiomyxoma in males. A report of four cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1995, 104:391-396.
16. Nucci M.R., Fletcher C.D. Vulvovaginal soft tissue tumours: Update and review. Histopathology 2000, 36:97-108.
17. Steeper T.A., Rosai J. Aggressive angiomyxoma of the female pelvis and perineum. Report of nine cases of a distinctive type of gynecologic soft-tissue neoplasm. Am J Surg Pathol 1983, 7:463-475.
18. Tsang W.Y., Chan J.K., Lee K.C., et al. Aggressive angiomyxoma. A report of four cases occurring in men. Am J Surg Pathol 1992, 16:1059-1065.
19. Enzinger F.M., Weiss S.W., Liang C.Y. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts. A clinicopathological analysis of 59 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1989, 13:817-827.
20. Folpe A.L., Weiss S.W. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases with emphasis on atypical and malignant variants. Am J Surg Pathol 2003, 27:421-431.
21. Kilpatrick S.E., Ward W.G., Mozes M., et al. Atypical and malignant variants of ossifying fibromyxoid tumor. Clinicopathologic analysis of six cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1995, 19:1039-1046.
22. Miettinen M., Finnell V., Fetsch J.F. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts-a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 104 cases with long-term follow-up and a critical review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2008, 32:996-1005.
23. Zamecnik M., Michal M., Simpson R.H., et al. Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts: a report of 17 cases with emphasis on unusual histological features. Ann Diagn Pathol 1997, 1:73-81.
24. Folpe A.L., Weiss S.W. Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor: analysis of 41 cases supporting evolution from a distinctive precursor lesion. Am J Surg Pathol 2004, 28:1417-1425.
25. Marshall-Taylor C., Fanburg-Smith J.C. Hemosiderotic fibrohistiocytic lipomatous lesion: ten cases of a previously undescribed fatty lesion of the foot/ankle. Mod Pathol 2000, 13:1192-1199.
26. Smith M.E., Fisher C., Weiss S.W. Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor of soft parts. A low-grade neoplasm resembling neurilemoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1996, 20:21-29.
27. Folpe A.L., Fanburg-Smith J.C., Billings S.D., et al. Most osteomalacia-associated mesenchymal tumors are a single histopathologic entity: an analysis of 32 cases and a comprehensive review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2004, 28:1-30.
28. Shimada T., Mizutani S., Muto T., et al. Cloning and characterization of FGF23 as a causative factor of tumor-induced osteomalacia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98:6500-6505.
29. Weidner N., Santa Cruz D. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. A polymorphous group causing osteomalacia or rickets. Cancer 1987, 59:1442-1454.
30. Williams K., Flanagan A., Folpe A., et al. Lymphatic vessels are present in phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours. Virchows Arch 2007, 451:871-875.
31. Bonetti F., Martignoni G., Colato C., et al. Abdominopelvic sarcoma of perivascular epithelioid cells. Report of four cases in young women, one with tuberous sclerosis. Mod Pathol 2001, 14:563-568.
32. Bonetti F., Pea M., Martignoni G., et al. Clear cell tumor of the lung is a lesion strictly related to angiomyolipoma-the concept of a family of lesions characterized by the presence of the perivascular epithelioid cells (PEC). Pathology 1994, 26:230-236.
33. Folpe A.L., McKenney J.K., Li Z., et al. Clear cell myomelanocytic tumor of the thigh: report of a unique case. Am J Surg Pathol 2002, 26:809-812.
34. Folpe A.L., Mentzel T., Lehr H.A., et al. Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms of soft tissue and gynecologic origin: a clinicopathologic study of 26 cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2005, 29:1558-1575.
35. Hornick J.L., Fletcher C.D. PEComa: what do we know so far?. Histopathology 2006, 48:75-82.
36. Hornick J.L., Fletcher C.D. Sclerosing PEComa: clinicopathologic analysis of a distinctive variant with a predilection for the retroperitoneum. Am J Surg Pathol 2008, 32:493-501.
37. Kenerson H., Folpe A.L., Takayama T.K., et al. Activation of the mTOR pathway in sporadic angiomyolipomas and other perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms. Hum Pathol 2007, 38:1361-1371.
38. Lehman N.L. Malignant PEComa of the skull base. Am J Surg Pathol 2004, 28:1230-1232.
39. Mentzel T., Reibhauer S., Rutten A., et al. Cutaneous clear cell myomelanocytic tumour: a new member of the growing family of perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas). Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of seven cases. Histopathology 2005, 46:498-504.
40. Pea M., Martignoni G., Bonetti F., et al. Tumors characterized by the presence of HMB45-positive perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC): a novel entity in surgical pathology. Electron J Pathol Histol 1997, 3:28-40.
41. Pea M., Martignoni G., Zamboni G., et al. Perivascular epithelioid cell [Letter]. Am J Surg Pathol 1996, 20:1149-1153.
42. Tazelaar H.D., Batts K.P., Srigley J.R. Primary extrapulmonary sugar tumor (PEST): a report of four cases. Mod Pathol 2001, 14:615-622.
43. Vang R., Kempson R.L. Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the uterus: a subset of HMB-45-positive epithelioid mesenchymal neoplasms with an uncertain relationship to pure smooth muscle tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2002, 26:1-13.
44. Weinreb I., Howarth D., Latta E., et al. Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas): four malignant cases expanding the histopathological spectrum and a description of a unique finding. Virchows Arch 2007, 450:463-470.
45. Zamboni G., Pea M., Martignoni G., et al. Clear cell sugar tumor of the pancreas. A novel member of the family of lesions characterized by the presence of perivascular epithelioid cells. Am J Surg Pathol 1996, 20:722-730.
46. Chase D.R., Enzinger F.M. Epithelioid sarcoma. Diagnosis, prognostic indicators, and treatment. Am J Surg Pathol 1985, 9:241-263.
47. Chase D.R., Enzinger F.M., Weiss S.W., et al. Keratin in epithelioid sarcoma. An immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol 1984, 8:435-441.
48. Enzinger F.M. Epithelioid sarcoma: a sarcoma simulating a granuloma or a carcinoma. Cancer 1970, 26:1029-1041.
49. Guillou L., Wadden C., Coindre J.M., et al. Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma, a distinctive aggressive neoplasm showing rhabdoid features. Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of a series. Am J Surg Pathol 1997, 21:130-146.
50. Halling A.C., Wollan P.C., Pritchard D.J., et al. Epithelioid sarcoma: a clinicopathologic review of 55 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 1996, 71:636-642.
51. Hoot A.C., Russo P., Judkins A.R., et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of hSNF5/INI1 distinguishes renal and extra-renal malignant rhabdoid tumors from other pediatric soft tissue tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2004, 28:1485-1491.
52. Laskin W.B., Miettinen M. Epithelioid sarcoma: new insights based on an extended immunohistochemical analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003, 127:1161-1168.
53. Lin L., Skacel M., Sigel J.E., et al. Epithelioid sarcoma: an immunohistochemical analysis evaluating the utility of cytokeratin 5/6 in distinguishing superficial epithelioid sarcoma from spindled squamous cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2003, 30:114-117.
54. Miettinen M., Fanburg-Smith J.C., Virolainen M., et al. Epithelioid sarcoma: an immunohistochemical analysis of 112 classical and variant cases and a discussion of the differential diagnosis. Hum Pathol 1999, 30:934-942.
55. Modena P., Lualdi E., Facchinetti F., et al. SMARCB1/INI1 tumor suppressor gene is frequently inactivated in epithelioid sarcomas. Cancer Res 2005, 65:4012-4019.
56. Argani P., Lal P., Hutchinson B., et al. Aberrant nuclear immunoreactivity for TFE3 in neoplasms with TFE3 gene fusions: a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical assay. Am J Surg Pathol 2003, 27:750-761.
57. Christopherson W.M., Foote F.W., Stewart F.W. Alveolar soft-part sarcomas; structurally characteristic tumors of uncertain histogenesis. Cancer 1952, 5:100-111.
58. Evans H.L. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma. A study of 13 typical examples and one with a histologically atypical component. Cancer 1985, 55:912-917.
59. Folpe A.L., Deyrup A.T. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma: a review and update. J Clin Pathol 2006, 59:1127-1132.
60. Font R.L., Jurco S., Zimmerman L.E. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma of the orbit: a clinicopathologic analysis of seventeen cases and a review of the literature. Hum Pathol 1982, 13:569-579.
61. Ladanyi M., Antonescu C.R., Drobnjak M., et al. The precrystalline cytoplasmic granules of alveolar soft part sarcoma contain monocarboxylate transporter 1 and CD147. Am J Pathol 2002, 160:1215-1221.
62. Ladanyi M., Lui M.Y., Antonescu C.R., et al. The der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25) of human alveolar soft part sarcoma fuses the TFE3 transcription factor gene to ASPL, a novel gene at 17q25. Oncogene 2001, 20:48-57.
63. Lieberman P.H., Brennan M.F., Kimmel M., et al. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma. A clinico-pathologic study of half a century. Cancer 1989, 63:1-13.
64. Lieberman P.H., Foote F.W., Stewart F.W., et al. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma. JAMA 1966, 198:1047-1051.
65. Matsuno Y., Mukai K., Itabashi M., et al. Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases. Acta Pathol Jpn 1990, 40:199-205.
66. Sciot R., Dal Cin P., De Vos R., et al. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma: evidence for its myogenic origin and for the involvement of 17q25. Histopathology 1993, 23:439-444.
67. Wang N.P., Bacchi C.E., Jiang J.J., et al. Does alveolar soft-part sarcoma exhibit skeletal muscle differentiation? An immunocytochemical and biochemical study of myogenic regulatory protein expression. Mod Pathol 1996, 9:496-506.
68. Collini P., Sampietro G., Bertulli R., et al. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity in 41 cases of ES/PNET confirmed by molecular diagnostic studies. Am J Surg Pathol 2001, 25:273-274.
69. de Alava E., Gerald W.L. Molecular biology of the Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor family. J Clin Oncol 2000, 18:204-213.
70. de Alava E., Pardo J. Ewing tumor: tumor biology and clinical applications. Int J Surg Pathol 2001, 9:7-17.
71. Ewing J. Diffuse endothelioma of bone. Proc NY Soc Pathol 1921, 21:17-24.
72. Folpe A.L., Goldblum J.R., Rubin B.P., et al. Morphologic and immunophenotypic diversity in Ewing family tumors: a study of 66 genetically confirmed cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2005, 29:1025-1033.
73. Folpe A.L., Hill C.E., Parham D.M., et al. Immunohistochemical detection of FLI-1 protein expression: a study of 132 round cell tumors with emphasis on CD99-positive mimics of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Am J Surg Pathol 2000, 24:1657-1662.
74. Gu M., Antonescu C.R., Guiter G., et al. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity in Ewing's sarcoma: prevalence in 50 cases confirmed by molecular diagnostic studies. Am J Surg Pathol 2000, 24:410-416.
75. Hisaoka M., Tsuji S., Morimitsu Y., et al. Molecular detection of EWS-FLI1 chimeric transcripts in Ewing family tumors by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction: application to archival paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. APMIS 1999, 107:577-584.
76. La T.H., Meyers P.A., Wexler L.H., et al. Radiation therapy for Ewing's sarcoma: results from Memorial Sloan-Kettering in the modern era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006, 64:544-550.
77. Nascimento A.G., Unii K.K., Pritchard D.J., et al. A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases of large-cell (atypical) Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Am J Surg Pathol 1980, 4:29-36.
78. Parham D.M., Hijazi Y., Steinberg S.M., et al. Neuroectodermal differentiation in Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors does not predict tumor behavior. Hum Pathol 1999, 30:911-918.
79. Raney R.B., Asmar L., Newton W.A., et al. Ewing's sarcoma of soft tissues in childhood: a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, 1972 to 1991. J Clin Oncol 1997, 15:574-582.
80. Rossi S., Orvieto E., Furlanetto A., et al. Utility of the immunohistochemical detection of FLI-1 expression in round cell and vascular neoplasm using a monoclonal antibody. Mod Pathol 2004, 17:547-552.
81. Shing D.C., McMullan D.J., Roberts P., et al. FUS/ERG gene fusions in Ewing's tumors. Cancer Res 2003, 63:4568-4576.
82. Soule E.H., Newton W., Moon T.E., et al. Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma: a preliminary review of 26 cases encountered in the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Cancer 1978, 42:259-264.
83. Verrill M.W., Judson I.R., Harmer C.L., et al. Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor in adults: are they different from Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor in children?. J Clin Oncol 1997, 15:2611-2621.
84. Wilkins R.M., Pritchard D.J., Burgert E.O., et al. Ewing's sarcoma of bone. Experience with 140 patients. Cancer 1986, 58:2551-2555.
85. Zucman J., Delattre O., Desmaze C., et al. Cloning and characterization of the Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma t(11;22) translocation breakpoints. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1992, 5:271-277.
86. Albritton K.H., Randall R.L. Prospects for targeted therapy of synovial sarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2005, 27:219-222.
87. an de Rijn M., Barr F.G., Xiong Q.B., et al. Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma: an analysis of clinical, pathologic, and molecular genetic features. Am J Surg Pathol 1999, 23:106-112.
88. Bergh P., Meis-Kindblom J.M., Gherlinzoni F., et al. Synovial sarcoma: identification of low and high risk groups. Cancer 1999, 85:2596-2607.
89. Coindre J.M., Hostein I., Benhattar J., et al. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are t(X;18)-negative sarcomas. Molecular analysis of 25 cases occurring in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients, using two different RT-PCR-based methods of detection. Mod Pathol 2002, 15:589-592.
90. Crew A.J., Clark J., Fisher C., et al. Fusion of SYT to two genes, SSX1 and SSX2, encoding proteins with homology to the Kruppel-associated box in human synovial sarcoma. EMBO J 1995, 14:2333-2340.
91. Fisher C. Synovial sarcoma: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of epithelial differentiation in monophasic and biphasic tumors. Human Pathol 1986, 17:996-1008.
92. Folpe A.L., Schmidt R.A., Chapman D., et al. Poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma: immunohistochemical distinction from primitive neuroectodermal tumors and high-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 1998, 22:673-682.
93. Guillou L., Benhattar J., Bonichon F., et al. Histologic grade, but not SYT-SSX fusion type, is an important prognostic factor in patients with synovial sarcoma: a multicenter, retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22:4040-4050.
94. Guillou L., Wadden C., Kraus M.D., et al. S-100 protein reactivity in synovial sarcomas: a potentially frequent diagnostic pitfall. Immunohistochemical analysis of 100 cases. Applied Immunohistochemistry 1996, 4:167-175.
95. Krane J.F., Bertoni F., Fletcher C.D. Myxoid synovial sarcoma: an underappreciated morphologic subset. Mod Pathol 1999, 12:456-462.
96. Ladanyi M. Fusions of the SYT and SSX genes in synovial sarcoma. Oncogene 2001, 20:5755-5762.
97. Ladanyi M., Antonescu C.R., Leung D.H., et al. Impact of SYT-SSX fusion type on the clinical behavior of synovial sarcoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 243 patients. Cancer Res 2002, 62:135-140.
98. Mirra J.M., Wang S., Bhuta S. Synovial sarcoma with squamous differentiation of its mesenchymal glandular elements. A case report with light-microscopic, ultramicroscopic, and immunologic correlation. Am J Surg Pathol 1984, 8:791-796.
99. Pappo A.S., Fontanesi J., Luo X., et al. Synovial sarcoma in children and adolescents: The St Jude Children's Research Hospital experience. J Clin Oncol 1994, 12:2360-2366.
100. Pelmus M., Guillou L., Hostein I., et al. Monophasic fibrous and poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma: immunohistochemical reassessment of 60 t(X;18)(SYT-SSX)-positive cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2002, 26:1434-1440.
101. Smith T.A., Machen S.K., Fisher C., et al. Usefulness of cytokeratin subsets for distinguishing monophasic synovial sarcoma from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Am J Clin Pathol 1999, 112:641-648.
102. Surace C., Panagopoulos I., Palsson E., et al. A novel FISH assay for SS18-SSX fusion type in synovial sarcoma. Lab Invest 2004, 84:1185-1192.
103. Terry J., Saito T., Subramanian S., et al. TLE1 as a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for synovial sarcoma emerging from gene expression profiling studies. Am J Surg Pathol 2007, 31:240-246.
104. Adsay V., Cheng J., Athanasian E., et al. Primary desmoplastic small cell tumor of soft tissues and bone of the hand. Am J Surg Pathol 1999, 23:1408-1413.
105. Barnoud R., Sabourin J.C., Pasquier D., et al. Immunohistochemical expression of WT1 by desmoplastic small round cell tumor: a comparative study with other small round cell tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2000, 24:830-836.
106. Bertoldin R., Drei N., D'Inca G., et al. A paratesticular localization of desmoplastic small cell tumor. A case report. Tumori 1996, 82:497-498.
107. Charles A.K., Moore I.E., Berry P.J. Immunohistochemical detection of the Wilms' tumour gene WT1 in desmoplastic small round cell tumour. Histopathology 1997, 30:312-314.
108. Cummings O.W., Ulbright T.M., Young R.H., et al. Desmoplastic small round cell tumors of the paratesticular region. A report of six cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1997, 21:219-225.
109. de Alava E., Ladanyi M., Rosai J., et al. Detection of chimeric transcripts in desmoplastic small round cell tumor and related developmental tumors by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A specific diagnostic assay. Am J Pathol 1995, 147:1584-1591.
110. Dorsey B.V., Benjamin L.E., Rauscher F., et al. Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round-cell tumor: expansion of the pathologic profile. Mod Pathol 1996, 9:703-709.
111. Gerald W.L., Ladanyi M., de Alava E., et al. Clinical, pathologic, and molecular spectrum of tumors associated with t(11;22)(p13;q12): desmoplastic small round-cell tumor and its variants. J Clin Oncol 1998, 16:3028-3036.
112. Gerald W.L., Miller H.K., Battifora H., et al. Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round-cell tumor. Report of 19 cases of a distinctive type of high-grade polyphenotypic malignancy affecting young individuals. Am J Surg Pathol 1991, 15:499-513.
113. Gerald W.L., Rosai J. Desmoplastic small cell tumor with multi-phenotypic differentiation. Zentralblatt fur Pathologie 1993, 139:141-151.
114. Gerald W.L., Rosai J., Ladanyi M. Characterization of the genomic breakpoint and chimeric transcripts in the EWS-WT1 gene fusion of desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 92:1028-1032.
115. Hill D.A., Pfeifer J.D., Marley E.F., et al. WT1 staining reliably differentiates desmoplastic small round cell tumor from Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor. An immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic study. Am J Clin Pathol 2000, 114:345-353.
116. Ladanyi M., Gerald W. Fusion of the EWS and WT1 genes in the desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Cancer Res 1994, 54:2837-2840.
117. Ordi J., de Alava E., Torne A., et al. Intraabdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor with EWS/ERG fusion transcript. Am J Surg Pathol 1998, 22:1026-1032.
118. Ordonez N.G. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: I: a histopathologic study of 39 cases with emphasis on unusual histological patterns. Am J Surg Pathol 1998, 22:1303-1313.
119. Ordonez N.G. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: II: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study with emphasis on new immunohistochemical markers. Am J Surg Pathol 1998, 22:1314-1327.
120. Schwarz R.E., Gerald W.L., Kushner B.H., et al. Desmoplastic small round cell tumors: prognostic indicators and results of surgical management. Ann Surg Oncol 1998, 5:416-422.
121. Sebire N.J., Gibson S., Rampling D., et al. Immunohistochemical findings in embryonal small round cell tumors with molecular diagnostic confirmation. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005, 13:1-5.
122. Tison V., Cerasoli S., Morigi F., et al. Intracranial desmoplastic small-cell tumor. Report of a case. Am J Surg Pathol 1996, 20:112-117.