메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 674-686

Moving from efficacy to effectiveness in cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis: A randomized clinical practice trial

Author keywords

CBT; clinical practice; effectiveness; psychosis; schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELUSION; DEPRESSION; EFFECT SIZE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; OUTPATIENT CARE; PSYCHOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; THERAPY EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGY;

EID: 84872236782     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: 19392117     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0028665     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (67)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 84870465485 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Author
    • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
    • (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 2
    • 0027737477 scopus 로고
    • Rating depression in schizophrenia. A comparison of a self-report and an observer report scale
    • doi:10.1097/00005053-199309000-00006
    • Addington, D., Addington, J., & Maticka-Tyndale, E. (1993). Rating depression in schizophrenia. A comparison of a self-report and an observer report scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 561-565. doi:10.1097/00005053-199309000-00006
    • (1993) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.181 , pp. 561-565
    • Addington, D.1    Addington, J.2    Maticka-Tyndale, E.3
  • 4
    • 3042520639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized comparison of group cognitive-behavioural therapy and group psychoeducation in patients with schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00300.x
    • Bechdolf, A., Knost, B., Kuntermann, C., Schiller, S., Klosterkötter, J., Hambrecht, M., & Pukrop, R. (2004). A randomized comparison of group cognitive-behavioural therapy and group psychoeducation in patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110, 21-28. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00300.x
    • (2004) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.110 , pp. 21-28
    • Bechdolf, A.1    Knost, B.2    Kuntermann, C.3    Schiller, S.4    Klosterkötter, J.5    Hambrecht, M.6    Pukrop, R.7
  • 6
    • 0031906637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia: A study of the validity of a French-language version in a population of schizophrenic patients
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09960.x
    • Bernard, D., Lançon, C., Auquier, P., Reine, G., & Addington, D. (1998). Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia: A study of the validity of a French-language version in a population of schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 97, 36-41. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09960.x
    • (1998) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.97 , pp. 36-41
    • Bernard, D.1    Lançon, C.2    Auquier, P.3    Reine, G.4    Addington, D.5
  • 10
    • 34848839198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials: Bridging the gap between efficacy and effectiveness
    • doi:10.1080/09540260701563320
    • Depp, C., & Lebowitz, B. D. (2007). Clinical trials: Bridging the gap between efficacy and effectiveness. International Review of Psychiatry, 19, 531-539. doi:10.1080/09540260701563320
    • (2007) International Review of Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 531-539
    • Depp, C.1    Lebowitz, B.D.2
  • 11
    • 63349109679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An effectiveness trial of cognitive behaviour therapy in a representative sample of outpatients with psychosis
    • doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2009.tb00456.x
    • Farhall, J., Freeman, N. C., Shawyer, F., & Trauer, T. (2009). An effectiveness trial of cognitive behaviour therapy in a representative sample of outpatients with psychosis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48, 47-62. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2009.tb00456.x
    • (2009) British Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 47-62
    • Farhall, J.1    Freeman, N.C.2    Shawyer, F.3    Trauer, T.4
  • 12
    • 34547145165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences
    • doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
    • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. doi: 10.3758/BF03193146
    • (2007) Behavior Research Methods , vol.39 , pp. 175-191
    • Faul, F.1    Erdfelder, E.2    Lang, A.-G.3    Buchner, A.4
  • 13
    • 0034991433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comorbid conditions in schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1097/00001504-200101000-00004
    • Fenton, W. S. (2001). Comorbid conditions in schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 14, 17-23. doi:10.1097/00001504-200101000-00004
    • (2001) Current Opinion in Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 17-23
    • Fenton, W.S.1
  • 16
    • 1842428207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to treatment with antipsychotic medication and health care costs among medical beneficiaries with schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.4.692
    • Gilmer, T. P., Dolder, C. R., Lacro, J. P., Folsom, D. P., Lindamer, L., Garcia, P., & Jeste, D. V. (2004). Adherence to treatment with antipsychotic medication and health care costs among medical beneficiaries with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 692-699. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.4.692
    • (2004) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 692-699
    • Gilmer, T.P.1    Dolder, C.R.2    Lacro, J.P.3    Folsom, D.P.4    Lindamer, L.5    Garcia, P.6    Jeste, D.V.7
  • 17
    • 0027215612 scopus 로고
    • Assessing levels of adaptive functioning: The Role Functioning Scale
    • doi:10.1007/BF00756338
    • Goodman, S. H., Sewell, D. R., Cooley, E. L., & Leavitt, N. (1993). Assessing levels of adaptive functioning: The Role Functioning Scale. Community Mental Health Journal, 29, 119-131. doi:10.1007/BF00756338
    • (1993) Community Mental Health Journal , vol.29 , pp. 119-131
    • Goodman, S.H.1    Sewell, D.R.2    Cooley, E.L.3    Leavitt, N.4
  • 18
    • 84856740864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive therapy for low-functioning patients with schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.129
    • Grant, P. M., Huh, G. A., Perivoliotis, D., Stolar, N. M., & Beck, A. T. (2012). Randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive therapy for low-functioning patients with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 121-127. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.129
    • (2012) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 121-127
    • Grant, P.M.1    Huh, G.A.2    Perivoliotis, D.3    Stolar, N.M.4    Beck, A.T.5
  • 20
    • 0021131781 scopus 로고
    • Psychotherapy outcome research: Methods for reporting variability and evaluating clinical significance
    • doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(84)80002-7
    • Jacobson, N. S., Follette, W. C., & Revenstorf, D. (1984). Psychotherapy outcome research: Methods for reporting variability and evaluating clinical significance. Behavior Therapy, 15, 336-352. doi:10.1016/S0005- 7894(84)80002-7
    • (1984) Behavior Therapy , vol.15 , pp. 336-352
    • Jacobson, N.S.1    Follette, W.C.2    Revenstorf, D.3
  • 21
    • 0023606101 scopus 로고
    • The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261
    • Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261-276. doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261
    • (1987) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.13 , pp. 261-276
    • Kay, S.R.1    Fiszbein, A.2    Opler, L.A.3
  • 22
    • 33748485348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic validity of assessment scales for depression in patients with schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.10.002
    • Kim, S.-W., Kim, S.-J., Yoon, B.-H., Kim, J.-M., Shin, I.-S., Hwang, M. Y., & Yoon, J.-S. (2006). Diagnostic validity of assessment scales for depression in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 144, 57-63. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.10.002
    • (2006) Psychiatry Research , vol.144 , pp. 57-63
    • Kim, S.-W.1    Kim, S.-J.2    Yoon, B.-H.3    Kim, J.-M.4    Shin, I.-S.5    Hwang, M.Y.6    Yoon, J.-S.7
  • 25
    • 80052250357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative symptoms of schizophrenia as primary target of cognitive behavioral therapy: Results of the randomized clinical TONES study
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr073
    • Klingberg, S., Wölwer, W., Engel, C., Wittorf, A., Herrlich, J., Meisner, C., Wiedemann, G. (2011). Negative symptoms of schizophrenia as primary target of cognitive behavioral therapy: Results of the randomized clinical TONES study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, S98-S110. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr073
    • (2011) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.37
    • Klingberg, S.1    Wölwer, W.2    Engel, C.3    Wittorf, A.4    Herrlich, J.5    Meisner, C.6    Wiedemann, G.7
  • 26
    • 0042978712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapse prevention in schizophrenia with newgeneration antipsychotics: A systematic review and exploratory metaanalysis of randomized, controlled trials
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1209
    • Leucht, S., Barnes, T. R. E., Kissling, W., Engel, R. R., Correll, C., & Kane, J. M. (2003). Relapse prevention in schizophrenia with newgeneration antipsychotics: A systematic review and exploratory metaanalysis of randomized, controlled trials. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1209-1222. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1209
    • (2003) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 1209-1222
    • Leucht, S.1    Barnes, T.R.E.2    Kissling, W.3    Engel, R.R.4    Correll, C.5    Kane, J.M.6
  • 28
    • 61849146184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die Erfassung von Wahn und Halluzinationen in der Normalbevölkerung
    • Deutsche Adaptationen des Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) und der Launay Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS-R) [The assessment of delusions and hallucinations in the normal population: German adaptations of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) and the Launay Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS-R)] doi:10.1026/0012-1924.55.1.29
    • Lincoln, T. M., Keller, E., & Rief, W. (2009). Die Erfassung von Wahn und Halluzinationen in der Normalbevölkerung. Deutsche Adaptationen des Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) und der Launay Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS-R) [The assessment of delusions and hallucinations in the normal population: German adaptations of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) and the Launay Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS-R)]. Diagnostica, 55, 29-40. doi:10.1026/0012-1924.55.1.29
    • (2009) Diagnostica , vol.55 , pp. 29-40
    • Lincoln, T.M.1    Keller, E.2    Rief, W.3
  • 29
    • 80052216057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative symptoms and social cognition: Identifying targets for psychological interventions
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr066
    • Lincoln, T. M., Mehl, S., Kesting, M.-L., & Rief, W. (2011). Negative symptoms and social cognition: Identifying targets for psychological interventions. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, S23-S32. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr066
    • (2011) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.37
    • Lincoln, T.M.1    Mehl, S.2    Kesting, M.-L.3    Rief, W.4
  • 30
    • 54349125593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wirksamkeit kognitiver Interventionen für Schizophrenie. Eine Meta-Analyse [Effectiveness of cognitive interventions for schizophrenia. A meta-analysis]
    • doi:10.1026/0033-3042.59.4.217
    • Lincoln, T. M., Suttner, C., & Nestoriuc, Y. (2008). Wirksamkeit kognitiver Interventionen für Schizophrenie. Eine Meta-Analyse [Effectiveness of cognitive interventions for schizophrenia. A meta-analysis]. Psychologische Rundschau, 59, 217-232. doi:10.1026/0033-3042.59.4.217
    • (2008) Psychologische Rundschau , vol.59 , pp. 217-232
    • Lincoln, T.M.1    Suttner, C.2    Nestoriuc, Y.3
  • 32
    • 82955185134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive therapy for people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis not taking antipsychotic medication: An exploratory trial
    • doi: 10.1017/S0033291711001899
    • Morrison, A. P., Hutton, P., Wardle; M., Spencer, H., Barratt, S., Brabban, A., Turkington, D. (2012). Cognitive therapy for people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis not taking antipsychotic medication: An exploratory trial. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1049-1056. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711001899.
    • (2012) Psychological Medicine , vol.42 , pp. 1049-1056
    • Morrison, A.P.1    Hutton, P.2    Wardle, M.3    Spencer, H.4    Barratt, S.5    Brabban, A.6    Turkington, D.7
  • 33
    • 3042522671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delivering cognitive therapy to people with psychosis in a community health setting: An effectiveness study
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00299.x
    • Morrison, A. P., Renton, J. C., Williams, S., Dunn, H., Knight, A., Kreutz, M., . . . Dunn, G. (2004). Delivering cognitive therapy to people with psychosis in a community health setting: An effectiveness study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110, 36-44. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00299.x
    • (2004) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.110 , pp. 36-44
    • Morrison, A.P.1    Renton, J.C.2    Williams, S.3    Dunn, H.4    Knight, A.5    Kreutz, M.6    Dunn, G.7
  • 34
    • 23844530700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia in a healthy control group: Psychometric properties and reference values
    • doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.04.005
    • Müller, M. J., Brening, H., Gensch, C., Klinga, J., Kienzle, B., & Müller, K.-M. (2005). The Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia in a healthy control group: Psychometric properties and reference values. Journal of Affective Disorders, 88, 69-74. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.04.005
    • (2005) Journal of Affective Disorders , vol.88 , pp. 69-74
    • Müller, M.J.1    Brening, H.2    Gensch, C.3    Klinga, J.4    Kienzle, B.5    Müller, K.-M.6
  • 36
    • 0344200092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia: Development and interrater reliability of a German version (CDSS-G)
    • doi: 10.1016/S0022-3956(99)00018-7
    • Müller, M. J., Marx-Dannigkeit, P., Schlösser, R., Wetzel, H., Addington, D., & Benkert, O. (1999). The Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia: Development and interrater reliability of a German version (CDSS-G). Journal of Psychiatric Research, 33, 433-443. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3956(99)00018-7
    • (1999) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.33 , pp. 433-443
    • Müller, M.J.1    Marx-Dannigkeit, P.2    Schlösser, R.3    Wetzel, H.4    Addington, D.5    Benkert, O.6
  • 37
    • 0032715636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of delusional ideation in the normal population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al Delusions Inventory)
    • doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401
    • Peters, E. R., Joseph, S. A., & Garety, P. A. (1999). Measurement of delusional ideation in the normal population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory). Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 553-576. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401
    • (1999) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.25 , pp. 553-576
    • Peters, E.R.1    Joseph, S.A.2    Garety, P.A.3
  • 38
    • 77956304126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis in a routine clinical service
    • doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01572.x
    • Peters, E., Landau, S., McCrone, P., Cooke, M., Fisher, P., Steel, C., . . . Kuipers, E. (2010). A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis in a routine clinical service. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 122, 302-318. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01572.x
    • (2010) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , vol.122 , pp. 302-318
    • Peters, E.1    Landau, S.2    McCrone, P.3    Cooke, M.4    Fisher, P.5    Steel, C.6    Kuipers, E.7
  • 39
    • 0042709230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive therapy for schizophrenia: A preliminary randomized trial
    • doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00308-0
    • Rector, N. A., Seeman, M. V., & Segal, Z. V. (2003). Cognitive therapy for schizophrenia: A preliminary randomized trial. Schizophrenia Research, 63, 1-11. doi:10.1016/S0920-9964(02)00308-0
    • (2003) Schizophrenia Research , vol.63 , pp. 1-11
    • Rector, N.A.1    Seeman, M.V.2    Segal, Z.V.3
  • 40
    • 35748929934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis in clinical and research settings
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ps.58.10.1297
    • Rollinson, R., Haig, C., Warner, R., Garety, P., Kuipers, E., Freeman, D., . . . Fowler, D. (2007). The application of cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis in clinical and research settings. Psychiatric Services, 58, 1297-1302. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.58.10.1297
    • (2007) Psychiatric Services , vol.58 , pp. 1297-1302
    • Rollinson, R.1    Haig, C.2    Warner, R.3    Garety, P.4    Kuipers, E.5    Freeman, D.6    Fowler, D.7
  • 41
    • 77950189829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.c1332
    • Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. British Medical Journal, 340, c332. doi:10.1136/bmj.c1332
    • (2010) British Medical Journal , vol.340
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Altman, D.G.2    Moher, D.3
  • 42
    • 16344391767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the Global Assessment of Functioning and other DSM axes in routine clinical work
    • doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.4.439
    • Tungström, S., Söderberg, P., & Armelius, B.-Å. (2005). Relationship between the Global Assessment of Functioning and other DSM axes in routine clinical work. Psychiatric Services, 56, 439-443. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.4.439
    • (2005) Psychiatric Services , vol.56 , pp. 439-443
    • Tungström, S.1    Söderberg, P.2    Armelius, B.-Å.3
  • 43
    • 17144382810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical medication: Randomised controlled trial
    • doi:10.1192/bjp.186.4.324
    • Valmaggia, L. R., Van der Gaag, M., Tarrier, N., Pijnenborg, M., & Sloof, C. J. (2005). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical medication: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 324-330. doi:10.1192/bjp.186.4.324
    • (2005) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.186 , pp. 324-330
    • Valmaggia, L.R.1    Van Der Gaag, M.2    Tarrier, N.3    Pijnenborg, M.4    Sloof, C.J.5
  • 45
    • 66349088528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closing the efficacy-effectiveness gap: Translating both the what and the how from randomized controlled trials to clinical practice
    • doi:10.4088/JCP.08com04901
    • Weiss, A. P., Guidi, J., & Fava, M. (2009). Closing the efficacy-effectiveness gap: Translating both the what and the how from randomized controlled trials to clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70, 446-449. doi:10.4088/JCP.08com04901
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 446-449
    • Weiss, A.P.1    Guidi, J.2    Fava, M.3
  • 46
    • 0029148776 scopus 로고
    • Bridging the gap between laboratory and clinic in child and adolescent psychotherapy
    • doi:10.1037/0022-006X.63.5.688
    • Weisz, J. R., Donenberg, G. R., Han, S. S., & Weiss, B. (1995). Bridging the gap between laboratory and clinic in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 688-701. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.63.5.688
    • (1995) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 688-701
    • Weisz, J.R.1    Donenberg, G.R.2    Han, S.S.3    Weiss, B.4
  • 48
    • 67349115287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of baseline symptoms and insight on the therapeutic alliance early in the treatment of schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy .2008 12.015
    • Wittorf, A., Jakobi, U., Bechdolf, A., Müller, B., Sartory, G., Wagner, M., . . . Klingberg, S. (2009). The influence of baseline symptoms and insight on the therapeutic alliance early in the treatment of schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 24, 259-267. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy .2008.12.015
    • (2009) European Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 259-267
    • Wittorf, A.1    Jakobi, U.2    Bechdolf, A.3    Müller, B.4    Sartory, G.5    Wagner, M.6    Klingberg, S.7
  • 49
    • 44949167544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: Effect sizes, clinical models, and methodological rigor
    • doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm114
    • Wykes, T., Steel, C., Everitt, B., & Tarrier, N. (2008). Cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: Effect sizes, clinical models, and methodological rigor. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 523-537. doi:10.1093/schbul/ sbm114
    • (2008) Schizophrenia Bulletin , vol.34 , pp. 523-537
    • Wykes, T.1    Steel, C.2    Everitt, B.3    Tarrier, N.4
  • 50
    • 68049083725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia
    • doi:10.1080/00048670902873672
    • Xiao, W., Liu, H., Zhang, H., Liu, Q., Fu, P., Chen, J., . . . Shu, L. (2009). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 548-553. doi:10.1080/00048670902873672
    • (2009) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 548-553
    • Xiao, W.1    Liu, H.2    Zhang, H.3    Liu, Q.4    Fu, P.5    Chen, J.6    Shu, L.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.