Measurement of delusional ideation in the normal population: Introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions Inventory)

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 553-576

  Peters, Emmanuelle R ^a   Joseph, Stephen A ^b   Garety, Philippa A ^c  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^c ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Delusions; Questionnaire; Schizotypy

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELUSION; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; RELIABILITY;

EID: 0032715636     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033401     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-III-R: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed., revised. Washington, DC: The Association, 1987.
2. Bentall, R.P.; Kaney, S.; and Dewey, M.E. Paranoia and social reasoning: An attribution theory analysis. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30:13-23, 1991.
3. Birchwood, M., and Macmillan, F. Early intervention in schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27:374-378, 1993.
4. Bleuler, E. [1911]. Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. Translated by J. Zinkin. New York, NY: International Universities Press, Inc., 1950.
5. Brett-Jones, J.; Garety, P.A.; and Hemsley, D.R. Measuring delusional experiences: A method and its application. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26:257-265, 1987.
6. Cannon, T.D.; Mednick, S.A.; and Parnas, J. Antecedents of predominantly negative- and predominantly positive-symptom schizophrenia in a high-risk population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47:622-632, 1990.
7. Cattell, R.B. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1:140-161, 1966.
8. Chadwick, P.D.J., and Birchwood, M. The omnipotence of voices: A cognitive approach to auditory hallucinations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164:190-201, 1994.
9. Chadwick, P.D.J., and Lowe, C.F. A cognitive approach to measuring and modifying delusions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32 (3):355-367, 1994.
10. Chadwick, P.K. Borderline: A Psychological Study of Paranoia and Delusional Thinking. London: Routledge, 1992.
11. Chapman, L.J., and Chapman, J.P. Scales for rating psychotic and psychotic-like experiences as continua. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 6:476-489, 1980.
12. Chapman, L.J., and Chapman, J.P. The genesis of delusions. In: Oltmanns, T.F., and Maher, B.A., eds. Delusional Beliefs. New York, NY: Wiley, 1988. pp. 167-184.
13. Chapman, L.J., Chapman, J.P., and Raulin, M.L. Body-image aberration in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87:399-407, 1978.
14. Claridge, G.S. The schizophrenias as nervous types. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112:1-17, 1972.
15. Claridge, G.S. Psychoticism. In: Lynn, R., ed. Dimensions of Personality: Papers in Honour of H.J. Eysenck. Oxford, England: Pergamon, 1981.
16. Claridge, G.S. "The schizophrenias as nervous types" revisited. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151:735-743, 1987.
17. Claridge, G.S. Single indicator of risk for schizophrenia: Probable fact or likely myth? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20(1): 151-168, 1994.
18. Claridge, G.S., and Broks, P. Schizotypy and hemisphere function: I. Theoretical considerations and the measurement of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 5:633-648, 1984.
19. Claridge, G.S., and Hewitt, J.K. A biometrical study of schizotypy in a normal population. Personality and Individual Differences, 8 (3):303-312, 1987.
20. Claridge, G.A.; McCreery, C.; Mason, O.; Bentall, R.; Boyle, M.; Slade, P.; and Popplewell, D. The factor structure of "schizotypal" traits: A large replication study. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35:103-117, 1996.
21. Eckblad, M., and Chapman, L.J. Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51:215-225, 1983.
22. Eysenck, H.J. The definition and measurement of psychoticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 13:757-785, 1992.
23. Fenigstein, A., and Vanable, P.A. Paranoia and self-consciousness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62:129-138, 1992.
24. Foulds, G.A., and Bedford, A. Hierarchy of classes of personal illness. Psychological Medicine, 5:181-192, 1975.
25. Frith, C.D. The positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia reflect impairments in the perception and initiation of action. Psychological Medicine, 17:631-648, 1987.
26. Garety, P.A.; Everitt, B.S.; and Hemsley, D.R. The characteristics of delusions: A cluster analysis of deluded subjects. European Archives of Psychiatric and Neurological Science, 237:112-114, 1988.
27. Garety, P.; Fowler, D.; Kuipers, E.; Freeman, D.; Dunn, G.; Bebbington, P.; Hadley, C.; and Jones, S. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. II: Predictors of outcome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171:420-426, 1997.
28. Garety, P.A., and Hemsley, D.R. Characteristics of delusional experience. European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Science, 236:294-298, 1987.
29. Garety, P.A., and Hemsley, D.R. Delusions: Investigations Into the Psychology of Delusional Reasoning. Maudsley Monographs 36. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1994.
30. Garety, P.A.; Hemsley, D.R.; and Wessely, S. Reasoning in deluded schizophrenic and paranoid patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179:194-201, 1991.
31. Gottesman, I.I. Schizophrenia Genesis: The Origins of Madness. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman & Company, 1991.
32. Grove, W.M.; Lebow, B.S.; Clementz, B.A.; Cerri, A.; Medus, C.; and Iacono, W.G. Familial prevalence and coaggregation of schizotypy indicators: A multitrait family study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100 (2):115-121, 1991.
33. Hallet, S.; Quinn, D.; and Hewitt, J. Defective interhemispheric integration and anomalous language lateralization in children at risk for schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174:418-427, 1986.
34. Harrow, M.; Rattenbury, F.; and Stoll, F. Schizophrenic delusions: An analysis of their persistence, of related pre-morbid ideas and three major dimensions. In: Oltmanns, T.F., and Maher, B.A., eds. Delusional Beliefs. New York, NY: Wiley, 1998. pp. 184-212.
35. Kaiser, H.F. The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 23:187-200, 1958.
36. Kendler, K.S., and Hewitt, J.K. The structure of self-report schizotypy in twins. Journal of Personality Disorders, 6:1-17, 1992.
37. Krawiecka, M.; Goldberg, D.; and Vaughan, M. A standardised psychiatric assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 55:299-308, 1977.
38. Kuipers, E.; Fowler, D.; Garety, P.; Chisholm, D.; Freeman, D.; Dunn, G.; Bebbington, P.; and Hadley, C. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. III. Follow-up and economic evaluation at 18 months. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173:61-68, 1998.
39. Kuipers, E.; Garety, P.; Fowler, D.; Dunn, G.; Bebbnington, P.; Freeman, D.; and Hadley, D. London-East Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. I: Effects of the treatment phase. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171:319-327, 1997.
40. Launay, G., and Slade, P.D. The measurement of hallucinatory predisposition in male and female prisoners. Personality and Individual Differences, 2:221-234, 1981.
41. Maxwell, A.E. Multivariate Analysis in Behavioural Research. London, England: Chapman & Hall, 1977.
42. Meehl, P.E. Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. American Psychologist, 17:827-838, 1962.
43. Rado, S. Dynamics and classification of disordered behaviour. American Journal of Psychiatry, 110:406-416, 1953.
44. Raine, A. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ): A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17:555-565, 1991.
45. Raine, A. Sex differences in schizotypal personality in a nonclinical population. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101:361-364, 1992.
46. Roberts, D., and Claridge, G. A genetic model compatible with a dimensional view of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158:451-456, 1991.
47. Schneider, K. Clinical Psychopathology. Translated by M.W. Hamilton. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton, 1959.
48. Shapiro, M.B. A method of measuring psychological changes specific to the individual psychiatric patient. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 34:151-155, 1961.
49. Varma, S.L., and Sharma, I. Psychiatric morbidity in the first-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162:672-678, 1993.
50. Wing, J.K.; Cooper, J.E.; and Sartorius, N. Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1974.