Defining the impact of individual sample variability on routine immunoassay of serum free light chains (sFLC) in multiple myeloma

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

Volumn 171, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 201-209

  Murng, S H K ^a   Follows, L ^a   Whitfield, P ^a   Snowden, J A ^b,c   Swallow, K ^a   Green, K ^a   Sargur, R ^a   Egner, W ^a  

^a NORTHERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL HALLAMSHIRE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antigens; Epitopes; Immunoglobulins; Leukaemia; Lymphoma; Myeloma; Paraprotein

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN KAPPA CHAIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA CHAIN;

ACCURACY; ANALYZER; ARTICLE; DILUTION; HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; LIGHT CHAIN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SERUM FREE LIGHT CHAIN ASSAY;

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS, ROUTINE; HUMANS; IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; OBSERVER VARIATION; REFERENCE VALUES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 84872158694     PISSN: 00099104     EISSN: 13652249     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/cei.12011     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bird JM, Owen RG, D'Sa S etal. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma 2011. Br J Haematol 2011; 154:32-75.
2. Durie BG, Harousseau JL, Miguel JS etal. International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma [Erratum appears in Leukemia 2007; 21:1134; Erratum appears in Leukemia 2006; 20:2220]. Leukemia 2006; 20:1467-1473.
3. Vercammen M. Effect of sample dilution on serum free light chain concentration by immunonephelometric assay. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1798-1804.
4. Tate JR, Mollee P, Dimeski G, Carter AC, Gill D. Analytical performance of serum free light-chain assay during monitoring of patients with monoclonal light-chain diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 376:30-36.
5. Levinson SS. Hook effect with lambda free light chain in serum free light chain assay. Clinica Chimica Acta 2010; 411:1834-1836.
6. Briand PY, Decaux O, Caillon H, Grosbois B, Le Treut A, Guenet L. Analytical performance of the serum free light chain assay. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:73- 79.
7. Bosmann M, Kossler J, Stolz H, Walter U, Knop S, Steigerwald U. Detection of serum free light chains: the problem with AgXs. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:1419-1422.
8. McCudden CR, Voorhees PM, Hammett-Stabler CA. A case of hook effect in the serum free light chain assay using the Olympus AU400e. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:121-124.
9. Daval S, Tridon A, Mazeron N, Ristori JM, Evrard B. Risk of AgXs in serum free light chain measurements. Clin Chem 2007; 53:1985-1986.
10. Levinson SS. Polyclonal free light chain of Ig may interfere with interpretation of monoclonal free light chain kappa/lamda ratio. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2010; 40:348-353.
11. Kroger N, Asenova S, Gerritzen A, Bacher U, Zander A. Questionable role of free light chain assay ratio to determine stringent complete remission in multiple myeloma patients. Blood 2010; 115:3413-3414.
12. Vermeersch P, Vercammen M, Holvoet A, Vande Broek I, Delforge M, Bossuyt X. Use of interval-specific likelihood ratios improves clinical interpretation of serum FLC results for the diagnosis of malignant plasma cell disorders [Erratum appears in Clin Chim Acta 2010;411:613 (Note: Broeck, Isabelle Vande corrected to Vande Broek, Isabelle)]. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 410:54-58.
13. de Kat Angelino CM, Raymakers R, Teunesen MA, Jacobs JF, Klasen IS. Overestimation of serum kappa free light chain concentration by immunonephelometry. Clin Chem 2010; 56:1188-1190.
14. Nakano T, Miyazaki S, Takahashi H etal. Immunochemical quantification of free immunoglobulin light chains from an analytical perspective. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44:522-532.
15. Vavrova J, Maisnar V, Tichy M etal. Interlaboratory study of free monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain quantification. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:89-92.
16. Pattenden RJ, Rogers SY, Wenham PR. Serum free light chains; the need to establish local reference intervals. Ann Clin Biochem 2007; 44:512-515.
17. Kuhnemund A, Liebisch P, Bauchmuller K etal. 'Light-chain escape-multiple myeloma' - escape phenomenon from plateau phase: report of the largest patient series using LC-monitoring. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:477-484.
18. Giarin MM, Giaccone L, Sorasio R etal. Serum free light chain ratio, total kappa/lambda ratio, and immunofixation results are not prognostic factors after stem cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Clin Chem 2009; 55:1510-1516.
19. Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Katzmann JA etal. Immunoglobulin free light chain ratio is an independent risk factor for progression of smoldering (asymptomatic) multiple myeloma. Blood 2008; 111:785-789.
20. Dispenzieri A, Zhang L, Katzmann JA etal. Appraisal of immunoglobulin free light chain as a marker of response. Blood 2008; 111:4908-4915.
21. de Larrea CF, Cibeira MT, Elena M etal. Abnormal serum free light chain ratio in patients with multiple myeloma in complete remission has strong association with the presence of oligoclonal bands: implications for stringent complete remission definition. Blood 2009; 114:4954-4956.
22. Snozek CL, Katzmann JA, Kyle RA etal. Prognostic value of the serum free light chain ratio in newly diagnosed myeloma: proposed incorporation into the international staging system. Leukemia 2008; 22:933-937.
23. Mosbauer U, Ayuk F, Schieder H, Lioznov M, Zander AR, Kroger N. Monitoring serum free light chains in patients with multiple myeloma who achieved negative immunofixation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2007; 92:275-276.
24. Kyrtsonis MC, Vassilakopoulos TP, Kafasi N etal. Prognostic value of serum free light chain ratio at diagnosis in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2007; 137:240-243.
25. Dispenzieri A, Kyle R, Merlini G etal. International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for serum-free light chain analysis in multiple myeloma and related disorders. Leukemia 2009; 23:215-224.
26. Wood PB, McElroy YG, Stone MJ. Comparison of serum immunofixation electrophoresis and free light chain assays in the detection of monoclonal gammopathies. Clin Lymph Myeloma Leuk 2010; 10:278-280.
27. Shaheen SP, Levinson SS. Serum free light chain analysis may miss monoclonal light chains that urine immunofixation electrophoreses would detect. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 406:162-166.
28. Katzmann JA. Long-term biological variation of serum protein electrophoresis M-spike, urine M-spike, and monoclonal serum free light cahin quantification: implications for monitoring monoclonal gammopathies. Clin Chem 2011; 57:1-6.