Annealing and thickness related performance and degradation of polymer solar cells

Microelectronics Reliability

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 123-128

  Zhao, Zhouying ^a   Rice, Lynn ^a   Efstathiadis, Harry ^a   Haldar, Pradeep ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORBANCES; ACTIVE LAYER; BULK HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS; CHARGE CARRIER GENERATION; DEVICE PERFORMANCE; DISSOCIATION PROBABILITY; EFFECTIVE CHARGE; FABRICATED DEVICE; MAXIMUM POWER; METHYL ESTERS; MORPHOLOGY CONTROL; PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE CARRIERS; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); POLYMER SOLAR CELLS; RECOMBINATION LOSS; REGIO-REGULAR; SERIES RESISTANCES; SLOW DRYING; THERMAL-ANNEALING;

DISSOCIATION; ELECTRIC RESISTANCE; HETEROJUNCTIONS; MORPHOLOGY; PHASE SEPARATION; SOLAR CELLS;

ANNEALING;

EID: 84872109769     PISSN: 00262714     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.microrel.2012.08.002     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. N.S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A.J. Heeger, and F. Wudl Photoinduced electron transfer from a conducting polymer to buckminsterfullerene Science 258 1992 1474 1476
2. G. Yu, J. Gao, J.C. Hummelen, F. Wudl, and A.J. Heeger Polymer photovoltaic cells: enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions Science 270 1995 1789 1791
3. C.J. Brabec, N.S. Sariciftci, and J.C. Hummelen Plastic solar cells Adv Funct Mater 11 2001 15 26
4. M. Al-Ibrahim, O. Ambacher, S. Sensfuss, and G. Gobsch Effects of solvent and annealing on the improved performance of solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene):fullerene Appl Phys Lett 86 2005 201120/1-3
5. W. Ma, C. Yang, X. Gong, K. Lee, and A.J. Heeger Thermally stable, efficient polymer solar cells with nanoscale control of the interpenetrating network morphology Adv Funct Mater 15 2005 1617 1622
6. T. Xiao, W. Cui, J. Anderegg, J. Shinar, and R. Shinar Simple routes for improving polythiophene:fullerene-based organic solar cells Org Electron 12 2011 257 262
7. G. Li, V. Shrotriya, J. Huang, Y. Yao, T. Moriarty, and K. Emery High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends Nat Mater 4 2005 864 868
8. Y. Zhao, Z. Xie, Y. Qu, Y. Geng, and L. Wang Solvent-vapor treatment induced performance enhancement of poly(3-hexylthiophene):methanofullerene bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic cells Appl Phy Lett 90 2007 043504/1-3
9. P.J. Brown, D.S. Thomas, A. Kohler, J.S. Wilson, J.-S. Kim, and C.M. Ramsdale Effect of interchain interactions on the absorption and emission of poly 3-hexylthiophene Phys Rev B 67 2003 64203/1-16
10. D. Qin, W. Quan, C. Cheng, J. Liu, and J. Zhang The optimized morphology of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction thin film via reducing pressure Semicond Sci Technol 25 2010 095003/1-4
11. S. Miyanishi, K. Tajima, and K. Hashimoto Morphological stabilization of polymer photovoltaic cells by using cross-linkable poly(3-(5-hexenyl)thiophene) Macromolecules 42 2009 1610 1618
12. R.D. Bettignies, J. Leroy, M. Firon, and C. Sentein Accelerated lifetime measurements of P3HT:PCBM solar cells Synth Met 156 2006 510 513
13. S. Bertho, I. Haeldermans, A. Swinnen, W. Moons, T. Martens, and L. Lutsen Influence of thermal ageing on the stability of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 91 2007 385 389
14. S. Bertho, G. Janssen, T.J. Cleij, B. Conings, W. Moons, and A. Gadisa Effect of temperature on the morphological and photovoltaic stability of bulk heterojunction polymer:fullerene solar cells Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 92 2008 753 760
15. M.O. Reese, A.J. Morfa, M.S. White, N. Kopidakis, S.E. Shaheen, and G. Rumbles Pathways for the degradation of organic photovoltaic P3HT:PCBM based devices Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 92 2008 746 752
16. B. Paci, A. Generosi, D. Bailo, V.R. Albertini, and R. de Bettignies Discriminating bulk, surface and interface aging effects in polymer-based active materials for efficient photovoltaic devices Chem Phys Lett 494 2010 69 74
17. L. Onsager Deviations from Ohm's law in weak electrolytes J Chem Phys 2 1934 599 615
18. C.L. Braun Electric field assisted dissociation of charge transfer states as a mechanism of photocarrier production J Chem Phys 80 1984 4157 4161
19. C.-Y. Chou, J.-S. Huang, C.-H. Wu, C.-Y. Lee, and C.-F. Lin Lengthening the polymer solidification time to improve the performance of polymer/ZnO nanorod hybrid solar cells Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93 2009 1608 1612
20. V.D. Mihailetchi, L.J.A. Koster, J.C. Hummelen, and P.W.M. Blom Photocurrent generation in polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunctions Phys Rev Lett 93 2004 216601/1-4
21. V.D. Mihailetchi, J. Wildeman, and P.W.M. Blom Space-charge limited photocurrent Phy Rev Lett 94 2005 126602/1-4
22. W.D. Johnston Jr. Solar voltaic cells 1980 Marcel Deker Inc New York
23. I. Montanari, A.F. Nogueira, J. Nelson, J.R. Durrant, C. Winder, and M.A. Loi Transient optical studies of charge recombination dynamics in a polymer/fullerene composite at room temperature Appl Phys Lett 81 2002 3001 3003
24. C.G. Shuttle, B. O'Regan, A.M. Ballantyne, J. Nelson, D.D.C. Bradley, and J.R. Durrant Bimolecular recombination losses in polythiophene:fullerene solar cells Phys Rev B 78 2008 113201/1-4
25. Z. Xu, L.-M. Chen, G. Yang, C.-H. Huang, J. Hou, and Y. Wu Vertical phase separation in poly(3-hexylthiophene):fullerene derivative blends and its advantage for inverted structure solar cells Adv Funct Mater 19 2009 1227 1234
26. T.J. Savenije, J.E. Kroeze, X. Yang, and J. Loos The formation of crystalline P3HT fibrils upon annealing of a PCBM:P3HT bulk heterojunction Thin Solid Films 511-512 2006 2 6
27. A. Orimo, K. Masuda, S. Honda, H. Benten, S. Ito, and H. Ohkita Surface segregation at the aluminum interface of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/fullerene solar cells Appl Phys Lett 96 2010 043305/1-4
28. V.S. Balderrama, M. Estrada, A. Cerdeira, B.S. Soto-Cruz, L.F. Marsal, and J. Pallares Influence of P3HT:PCBM blend preparation on the active layer morphology and cell degradation Microelectron Reliab 51 2011 597 601
29. M.-K. Lee, J.-C. Wang, S.-F. Horng, and H.-F. Meng Extraction of solar cell series resistance without presumed current-voltage functional form Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94 2010 578 582
30. A. Pivrikas, P. Stadler, H. Neugebauer, and N.S. Sariciftci Substituting the postproduction treatment for bulk-heterojunction solar cells using chemical additives Org Electron 9 2008 775 782
31. S. Miller, G. Fanchini, Y.-Y. Lin, C. Li, C.-W. Chen, and W.-F. Sub Investigation of nanoscale morphological changes in organic photovoltaics during solvent vapor annealing J Mater Chem 18 2008 306 312
32. Y.-C. Huang, Y.-C. Liao, S.-S. Li, M.-C. Wu, C.-W. Chen, and W.-F. Su Study of the effect of annealing process on the performance of P3HT/PCBM photovoltaic devices using scanning-probe microscopy Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 93 2009 888 892
33. L.J.A. Koster, E.C.P. Smits, V.D. Mihailetchi, and P.W.M. Blom Device model for the operation of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells Phys Rev B 72 2005 085205/1-9
34. D. Chirvase, Z. Chiguvare, M. Knipper, J. Parisi, V. Dyakonov, and J.C. Hummelen Temperature dependent characteristics of poly(3 hexylthiophene)- fullerene based heterojunction organic solar cells J Appl Phys 93 2003 3376
35. G. Kalita, M. Masahiro, W. Koichi, and M. Umeno Nanostructured morphology of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 54 2010 447 451
36. G. Garcia-Belmonte, A. Munar, E.M. Barea, J. Bisquert, I. Ugarte, and R. Pacios Charge carrier mobility and lifetime of organic bulk heterojunctions analyzed by impedance spectroscopy Org Electron 9 2008 847 851