Histopathological changes in the human posterior cruciate ligament during aging and osteoarthritis: Correlations with anterior cruciate ligament and cartilage changes

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

Volumn 72, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 271-277

  Levy, Yadin D ^a,b   Hasegawa, Akihiko ^b   Patil, Shantanu ^a   Koziol, James A ^b   Lotz, Martin K ^b   D'Lima, Darryl D ^a,b  

^a SCRIPPS CLINIC   (United States)

^b SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN FIBER;

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ARTICLE; ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; DEGENERATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INFLAMMATION; KNEE LIGAMENT; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; CADAVER; CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR; FEMALE; HUMANS; KNEE JOINT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOARTHRITIS; POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84872083893     PISSN: 00034967     EISSN: 14682060     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201730     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Dieppe PA, et al. Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 1: the disease and its risk factors. Ann Intern Med 2000;133:635-46.
2. Zhang Y, Jordan JM. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Clin Geriatr Med 2010;26:355-69.
3. Bennett LD, Buckland-Wright JC. Meniscal and articular cartilage changes in knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional double-contrast macroradiographic study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:917-23.
4. Hill CL, Seo GS, Gale D, et al. Cruciate ligament integrity in osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:794-9.
5. Bergin D, Keogh C, O ' Connell M, et al. Atraumatic medial collateral ligament oedema in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Skeletal Radiol 2002; 31:14-18.
6. Dieppe PA, Lohmander LS. Pathogenesis and management of pain in osteoarthritis. Lancet 2005;365:965-73.
7. Grood ES, Stowers SF, Noyes FR. Limits of movement in the human knee. Effect of sectioning the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral structures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1988;70:88-97.
8. Fleming BC. Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2003;33:A13-15.
9. Woo SL, Livesay GA, Engle C. Biomechanics of the human anterior cruciate ligament. Muscle stabilization and ACL reconstruction. Orthop Rev 1992;21:935-41.
10. Voos JE, Mauro CS, Wente T, et al. Posterior cruciate ligament: anatomy, biomechanics, and outcomes. Am J Sports Med 2012;40:222-31.
11. Mullaji AB, Marawar SV, Simha M, et al. Cruciate ligaments in arthritic knees: a histologic study with radiologic correlation. J Arthroplasty 2008;23:567-72.
12. Scott RD, Volatile TB. Twelve years' experience with posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1986:100-7.
13. Kleinbart FA, Bryk E, Evangelista J, et al. Histologic comparison of posterior cruciate ligaments from arthritic and age-matched knee specimens. J Arthroplasty 1996;11:726-31.
14. Stein V, Li L, Lo G, et al. Pattern of joint damage in persons with knee osteoarthritis and concomitant ACL tears. Rheumatol Int 2012;32:1197-208.
15. Allain J, Goutallier D, Voisin MC. Macroscopic and histological assessments of the cruciate ligaments in arthrosis of the knee. Acta Orthop Scand 2001;72:266-9.
16. Cushner FD, La Rosa DF, Vigorita VJ, et al. A quantitative histologic comparison: ACL degeneration in the osteoarthritic knee. J Arthroplasty 2003;18:687-92.
17. Trompeter AJ, Gill K, Appleton MA, et al. Predicting anterior cruciate ligament integrity in patients with osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009;17:595-9.
18. Kennedy JC, Weinberg HW, Wilson AS. The anatomy and function of the anterior cruciate ligament. As determined by clinical and morphological studies. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1974;56:223-35.
19. Wang IE, Mitroo S, Chen FH, et al. Age-dependent changes in matrix composition and organization at the ligament-to-bone insertion. J Orthop Res 2006;24:1745-55.
20. Hasegawa A, Otsuki S, Pauli C, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament changes in human joint in aging and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2012;64:696-704.
21. Outerbridge RE. The etiology of chondromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1961;43-B:752-7.
22. ICRS Cartilage Evaluation Package. 2000; http://www.cartilage.org/-files/ contentmanagement/ICRS-evaluation.pdf (accessed December 2011).
23. Cleveland WS. Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots. J Am Stat Assoc 1979;74:829-36.
24. Kaeding CC, Pedroza AD, Parker RD, et al. Intra-articular findings in the reconstructed multiligament-injured knee. Arthroscopy 2005;21:424-30.
25. Fithian DC, Paxton LW, Goltz DH. Fate of the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee. Orthop Clin North Am 2002;33:621-36; v.
26. O'Connor DP, Laughlin MS, Woods GW. Factors related to additional knee injuries after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthroscopy 2005;21:431-8.
27. Pauli C, Grogan SP, Patil S, et al. Macroscopic and histopathologic analysis of human knee menisci in aging and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011;19:1132-41.
28. Ireland ML, Ballantyne BT, Little K, et al. A radiographic analysis of the relationship between the size and shape of the intercondylar notch and anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2001;9:200-5.
29. Albert A, Forthomme JP, Vandenhooft A, et al. Are lesions of the posterior cruciate ligament predictable before knee arthroplasty? A histological study of 434 ligaments in osteoarthritic knees. Acta Orthop Belg 2008;74:652-8.
30. Li G, Moses JM, Papannagari R, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament deficiency alters the in vivo motion of the tibiofemoral cartilage contact points in both the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88:1826-34.
31. Pournaras J, Symeonides PP, Karkavelas G. The significance of the posterior cruciate ligament in the stability of the knee. An experimental study in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1983;65:204-9.
32. Bosch U, Decker B, Moller HD, et al. Collagen fibril organization in the patellar tendon autograft after posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A quantitative evaluation in a sheep model. Am J Sports Med 1995;23:196-202.
33. Oxlund H, Andreassen TT. The roles of hyaluronic acid, collagen and elastin in the mechanical properties of connective tissues. J Anat 1980;131:611-20.
34. Viidik A, Danielson CC, Oxlund H. On fundamental and phenomenological models, structure and mechanical properties of collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan complexes. Biorheology 1982;19:437-51.
35. Sargon MF, Doral MN, Atay OA. Age-related changes in human PCLs: a light and electron microscopic study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2004;12:280-4.
36. Petersen W, Tillmann B. Structure and vascularization of the cruciate ligaments of the human knee joint. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1999;200:325-34.
37. Petersen W, Tillmann B. Blood and lymph supply of the posterior cruciate ligament: a cadaver study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 1999;7:42-50.
38. Lintz F, Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: a review of the literature and management guidelines. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011;19:1326-33.
39. Shoji T, Fujimoto E, Sasashige Y. Mucoid degeneration of the posterior cruciate ligament: a case report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2010;18:130-3.
40. Nelissen RG, Hogendoorn PC. Retain or sacrifice the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty? A histopathological study of the cruciate ligament in osteoarthritic and rheumatoid disease. J Clin Pathol 2001;54:381-4.
41. Viana SL, Fernandes JL, Mendonca JL, et al. Diffuse intrasubstance signal abnormalities of the posterior cruciate ligament: the counterpart of the mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament? A case series. JBR-BTR 2008 Nov-Dec;91(6):245-8.