Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: A review of the literature and management guidelines

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy

Volumn 19, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1326-1333

  Lintz, Francois ^a   Pujol, Nicolas ^a   Boisrenoult, Philippe ^a   Bargoin, Kevin ^b   Beaufils, Philippe ^a   Dejour, David ^c  

^a CENTRE HOSPITALIER DE VERSAILLES   (France)

^b NANTES UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^c Clinique de la Sauvegarde   (France)

Author keywords

Anterior cruciate ligament; Cyst; Ganglion; Knee; Mucoid degeneration; Myxoid degeneration

Indexed keywords

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ARTHROPATHY; ARTHROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GANGLION CYST; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; KNEE; MALE; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MUCUS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SYNOVIAL CYST; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ARTHROSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GANGLION CYSTS; HUMANS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; JOINT DISEASES; KNEE JOINT; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MUCUS; ORTHOPEDIC PROCEDURES; PAIN MEASUREMENT; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; RISK ASSESSMENT; SYNOVIAL CYST; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79960301484     PISSN: 09422056     EISSN: 14337347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-011-1433-0     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Amiel D, Billings E Jr, Harwood FL (1990) Collagenase activity in anterior cruciate ligament: protective role of the synovial sheath. J Appl Physiol 69(3): 902-906.
2. Andrikoula SI, Vasiliadis HS, Tokis AV, Kosta P, Batistatou A, Georgoulis AD (2007) Intra-articular ganglia of the knee joint associated with the anterior cruciate ligament: a report of 4 cases in 3 patients. Arthroscopy 23(7): 800, e801-806.
3. Antonacci VP, Foster T, Fenlon H, Harper K, Eustace S (1998) Technical report: CT-guided aspiration of anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts. Clin Radiol 53(10): 771-773.
4. Barrett JG, Hao Z, Graf BK, Kaplan LD, Heiner JP, Muir P (2005) Inflammatory changes in ruptured canine cranial and human anterior cruciate ligaments. Am J Vet Res 66(12): 2073-2080.
5. Beaufils P, Hulet C, Dhenain M, Nizard R, Nourissat G, Pujol N (2009) Clinical practice guidelines for the management of meniscal lesions and isolated lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee in adults. Rev Chir Orthop Traumatol 95(6): 437-442.
6. Bergin D, Morrison WB, Carrino JA, Nallamshetty SN, Bartolozzi AR (2004) Anterior cruciate ligament ganglia and mucoid degeneration: coexistence and clinical correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 182(5): 1283-1287.
7. Bromley JW, Cohen P (1965) Ganglion of the posterior cruciate ligament: report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg Am 47: 1247-1249.
8. Campagnolo DI, Davis BA, Blacksin MF (1996) Computed tomography-guided aspiration of a ganglion cyst of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77(7): 732-733.
9. Cha JH, Lee SH, Shin MJ, Choi BK, Bin SI (2008) Relationship between mucoid hypertrophy of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and morphologic change of the intercondylar notch: MRI and arthroscopy correlation. Skeletal Radiol 37(9): 821-826.
10. Chang W, Rose DJ (1988) Ganglion cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament. A case report. Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst 48(2): 182-186.
11. Choi NH, Kim SJ (2002) A ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament causing erosion of the lateral femoral condyle: a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84-A(12): 2274-2276.
12. Deie M, Ochi M, Ikuta Y (1995) High intrinsic healing potential of human anterior cruciate ligament. Organ culture experiments. Acta Orthop Scand 66(1): 28-32.
13. Dejour D, Cohn J, Tavernier T (2005) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Cyst or Spontaneous Mucoïde degeneration? Clinical, radiological and histological outcomes. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 91(S8): 67.
14. Deutsch A, Veltri DM, Altchek DW, Potter HG, Warren RF, Wickiewicz TL (1994) Symptomatic intraarticular ganglia of the cruciate ligaments of the knee. Arthroscopy 10(2): 219-223.
15. Diard F, Chateil JF, Hauger O, Moinard M (1999) Para-articular and intraosseous synovial cysts and articular mucoid cysts. J Radiol 80(6 Suppl): 679-696.
16. Dinakar B, Khan T, Kumar AC, Kumar A (2005) Ganglion cyst of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 13(2): 181-185.
17. Do-Dai DD, Youngberg RA, Lanchbury FD, Pitcher JD Jr, Garver TH (1996) Intraligamentous ganglion cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament: MR findings with clinical and arthroscopic correlations. J Comput Assist Tomogr 20(1): 80-84.
18. Ewing SL, Rosai J (1974) Basophilic (mucoid) degeneration of skeletal muscle. Arch Pathol 97(1): 60-62.
19. Fealy S, Kenter K, Dines JS, Warren RF (2001) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy 17(9): E37.
20. Fernandes JL, Viana SL, Mendonca JL, Freitas FM, Bezerra AS, Lima GA, Matos VL, Cunha NF, Martins RR, Freitas RM (2008) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: magnetic resonance imaging findings of an underdiagnosed entity. Acta Radiol 49(1): 75-79.
21. Hammer DS, Dienst M, Kohn DM (2001) Arthroscopic treatment of tumor-like lesions of the knee joint: localized pigmented villonodular synovitis and ganglion cyst of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy 17(3): 320-323.
22. Hensen JJ, Coerkamp EG, Bloem JL, De Schepper AM (2007) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Jbr-Btr 90(3): 192-193.
23. Hocker K, Jagenbrein G, Schwarz N, Ritschl P (1996) Painful functional impairment of the knee joint caused by an ACL-based ganglion cyst. Injury 27(7): 516-518.
24. Hsu CJ, Wang SC, Fong YC, Huang CY, Chiang IP, Hsu HC (2006) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Chin Med Assoc 69(9): 449-452.
25. Huang GS, Lee CH, Chan WP, Taylor JA, Hsueh CJ, Juan CJ, Chen CY, Yu JS (2002) Ganglion cysts of the cruciate ligaments. Acta Radiol 43(4): 419-424.
26. Johnson WL, Corzatt RD (1993) Ganglion cyst of the anterior cruciate ligament. A case report of an unusual cause of mechanical knee symptoms. Am J Sports Med 21(6): 893-894.
27. Jordan LK, Kenter K, Greene WB, Griffiths HJ (1999) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ganglion cyst. Orthopedics 22(6): 644, 635-646.
28. Kaempffe FA (1996) Ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament presented as a knee mass. Am J Orthop 25(8): 521.
29. Kakutani K, Yoshiya S, Matsui N, Yamamoto T, Kurosaka M (2003) An intraligamentous ganglion cyst of the anterior cruciate ligament after a traumatic event. Arthroscopy 19(9): 1019-1022.
30. Kalaitzoglou I, Papadopoulos G, Palladas P (2000) Ganglion cyst of the anterior cruciate ligament pre- and post-treatment appearance on MRI. Eur Radiol 10(9): 1502.
31. Kang CN, Lee SB, Kim SW (1995) Symptomatic ganglion cyst within the substance of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy 11(5): 612-615.
32. Kannus P, Jozsa L (1991) Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73(10): 1507-1525.
33. Kim TH, Lee DH, Lee SH, Kim JM, Kim CW, Bin SI (2008) Arthroscopic treatment of mucoid hypertrophy of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy 24(6): 642-649.
34. Krudwig WK, Schulte KK, Heinemann C (2004) Intra-articular ganglion cysts of the knee joint: a report of 85 cases and review of the literature. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 12(2): 123-129.
35. Kumar A, Bickerstaff DR, Grimwood JS, Suvarna SK (1999) Mucoid cystic degeneration of the cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81(2): 304-305.
36. Lancaster TF, Kirby AB, Beall DP, Wolff JD, Wu DH (2004) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report. J Okla State Med Assoc 97(8): 326-328.
37. Lee SH, Petersilge CA, Trudell DJ, Haghighi P, Resnick DL (1996) Extrasynovial spaces of the cruciate ligaments: anatomy, MR imaging, and diagnostic implications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 166(6): 1433-1437.
38. Lintz F, Dejour D, Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, Beaufils P (2010) Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Selecting the best treatment option. Orthop Trauma Surg Res 96(4): 400-406.
39. Liu SH, Osti L, Mirzayan R (1994) Ganglion cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament: a case report and review of the literature. Arthroscopy 10(1): 110-112.
40. Lu KH (2003) Unusual solid ganglia of the anterior cruciate ligament mimicking lateral meniscal tears. Arthroscopy 19(2): E14.
41. Makino A, Pascual-Garrido C, Rolon A, Isola M, Muscolo DL (2010) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: MRI, clinical, intraoperative, and histological findings. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc [Epub ahead of print].
42. McIntyre J, Moelleken S, Tirman P (2001) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament mistaken for ligamentous tears. Skeletal Radiol 30(6): 312-315.
43. Melloni P, Valls R, Yuguero M, Saez A (2004) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament with erosion of the lateral femoral condyle. Skeletal Radiol 33(6): 359-362.
44. Motmans R, Verheyden F (2008) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17(7): 737-740.
45. Muir P, Schamberger GM, Manley PA, Hao Z (2005) Localization of cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in synovium and cranial cruciate ligament in dogs with cruciate disease. Vet Surg 34(3): 239-246.
46. Nakagawa Y, Matsusue Y, Nakamura T (1998) Ganglia of the posterior cruciate ligament. A report of three cases and a review of the literature. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 57(3): 165-168.
47. Narvekar A, Gajjar S (2004) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy 20(2): 141-146.
48. Nishimori M, Sumen Y, Sakaridani K (2004) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament-a report of two cases. Magn Reson Imaging 22(9): 1325-1328.
49. Parish EN, Dixon P, Cross MJ (2005) Ganglion cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament: a series of 15 cases. Arthroscopy 21(4): 445-447.
50. Pujol N, Beaufils P (2009) Healing results of meniscal tears left in situ during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of clinical studies. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17(4): 396-401.
51. Roeser WM, Tsai E (1994) Ganglion cysts of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy 10(5): 574-575.
52. Rolf C, Watson TP (2006) Case report: intra-tendinous ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament in a young footballer. J Orthop Surg 1: 11.
53. Ryan RS, Munk PL (2004) Radiology for the surgeon: musculoskeletal case 31. Anterior cruciate ligament cyst. Can J Surg 47(1): 54-55.
54. Salvati F, Rossi F, Limbucci N, Pistoia ML, Barile A, Masciocchi C (2008) Mucoid metaplastic-degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 48(4): 483-487.
55. Scranton PE Jr, Farrar EL (1992) Mucoid degeneration of the patellar ligament in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 74(3): 435-437.
56. Sevilla CA (1996) Ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament presented as a knee mass. Am J Orthop 25(1): 46-48.
57. Shelly MJ, Dheer S, Kavanagh EC (2009) Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung mimicking mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. Ir J Med Sci 179(2): 309-311.
58. Shoji T, Fujimoto E, Sasashige Y (2008) Mucoid degeneration of the posterior cruciate ligament: a case report. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18(1): 130-133.