Climate Justice and Capabilities: A Framework for Adaptation Policy

Ethics and International Affairs

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 445-461

  Schlosberg, David ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84872083824     PISSN: 08926794     EISSN: 17477093     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0892679412000615     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Climate Commission, The Critical Decade: Climate Science, Risks and Responses (Canberra: Climate Commission, 2011); climatecommission.gov.au/topics/the-critical-decade/.
2. Nancy Fraser, Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the “Postsocialist” Condition (New York: Routledge, 1997)
3. Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference (London: Routledge, 1990).
4. Martha C Nussbaum, Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011)
5. Amartya Sen, The Idea of Justice (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009).
6. Breena Holland has also developed a capabilities approach to environmental and climate justice, though there are key distinctions between our efforts: Holland's work is more specifically focused on environment as an instrumental support system for human needs, while the current piece more broadly addresses the contrast with other notions of climate justice, the role of recognition, and applications to communities and the nonhuman realm. See Breena Holland, “Justice and the Environment in Nussbaum's ‘Capabilities Approach’: Why Sustainable Ecological Capacity Is a Meta-Capability,” Political Research Quarterly 61, no. 2 (2008), pp. 319–332
7. Breena Holland, “Environment as Meta-Capability: Why a Dignified Human Life Requires a Stable Climate System,” in Allen Thompson and Jeremy Bendik-Keymer, eds., Ethical Adaptation to Climate Change: Human Virtues of the Future (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2012), pp. 145–164.
8. See, e.g., Anil Agarwal, Sumta Narain, and Anju Sharma, “The Global Commons and Environmental Justice—Climate Change,” in John Byrne, Leigh Glover, and Celia Martinez, eds., Environmental Justice: International Discourses in Political Economy—Energy and Environmental Policy (Piscataway, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2002), pp. 171–202
9. Sivan Kartha, “Discourses of the Global South,” in John Dryzek, Richard Norgaard, and David Schlosberg, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 504–520
10. Eric Neumayer, “In Defence of Historical Accountability for Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” Ecological Economics 33, no. 2 (2000), pp. 185–192
11. Henry Shue, “Global Environment and International Inequality,” International Affairs 75, no. 3 (1999), pp. 533–537.
12. Dale Jamieson, “Climate Change and Global Environmental Justice,” in Clark A. Miller and Paul N. Edwards, eds., Changing the Atmosphere: Expert Knowledge and Environmental Governance (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001), pp. 287–307
13. Peter Singer, One World: The Ethics of Globalization (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004).
14. Singer, One World, p. 43.
15. Derek Bell makes a similar argument regarding different needs, and calls the per capita approach an oversimplification; see Derek Bell, “Does Anthropogenic Climate Change Violate Human Rights?” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 14, no. 2 (2011), pp. 99–124.
16. Simon Caney, “Cosmopolitan Justice, Rights, and Global Climate Change,” Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 19, no. 2 (2006), pp. 255–278
17. Simon Caney, “Climate Change, Human Rights, and Moral Thresholds,” in Stephen Humphreys, ed., Human Rights and Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 69–90.
18. EcoEquity, “Greenhouse Development Rights” (2008); Ecoequity.org/GDRs; emphasis in original.
19. Steve Vanderheiden, Atmospheric Justice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
20. See David Schlosberg, “Capacity and Capabilities: A Response to the Greenhouse Development Rights Framework,” Ethics, Place and Environment 12, no. 3 (2009), pp. 287–290.
21. Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference, p. 18.
22. Fraser, Justice Interruptus, p. 14.
23. Kyle Powys Whyte, “The Recognition Dimensions of Environmental Justice in Indian Country,” Environmental Justice 4, no. 4 (2011), pp. 199–205.
24. For discussion of this more psychological approach to recognition, see Axel Honneth, The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995)
25. Charles Taylor, Multiculturalism (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994).
26. Nikolas Kompridis, “Struggling over the Meaning of Recognition: A Matter of Identity, Justice, or Freedom?” European Journal of Political Theory 6, no. 3 (2007), p. 278.
27. Robert M. Figueroa, “Bivalent Environmental Justice and the Culture of Poverty,” Rutgers University Journal of Law and Urban Policy 1, no. 1 (2003), pp. 27–42
28. Devon Peña, “Identity, Place and Communities of Resistance,” in Julian Agyeman, Robert D. Bullard, and Bob Evans, eds., Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), pp. 146–167
29. David Schlosberg, “The Justice of Environmental Justice: Reconciling Equity, Recognition, and Participation in a Political Movement,” in Andrew Light and Avner de-Shalit, eds., Moral and Political Reasoning in Environmental Practice (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), pp. 77–106
30. David Schlosberg, Defining Environmental Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)
31. Whyte, “The Recognition Dimensions of Environmental Justice in Indian Country.”
32. This is one of the “storms” in Gardiner's metaphor of climate change as a “perfect storm” of tragedy. See Stephen M. Gardiner, A Perfect Moral Storm: The Ethical Tragedy of Climate Change (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).
33. They highlight the “local material and symbolic contexts in which people create their lives, and through which those lives derive meaning” and show that it is those “contexts” that are threatened by climate change. W. Neil Adger et al., “This Must Be the Place: Underrepresentation of Identity and Meaning in Climate Change Decision-Making,” Global Environmental Politics 11, no. 2 (2011), pp. 1–25.
34. Global Environmental Politics, p. 21.
35. Amartya Sen, Commodities and Capabilities (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999)
36. Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (New York: Anchor, 1999)
37. Sen, The Idea of Justice
38. Martha C. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
39. Martha C Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006)
40. Nussbaum, Creating Capabilities.
41. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development, p. 71.
42. Amartya Sen, “Human Rights and Capabilities,” Journal of Human Development 6, no. 2 (2005), pp. 151–166
43. Nussbaum, Women and Development, pp. 78–80.
44. Defined politically as “being able to participate effectively in political choices that govern one's life; having the right of political participation, protections of free speech and association,” in Nussbaum, Creating Capabilities, p. 34.
45. See Holland, “Justice and the Environment in Nussbaum's ‘Capabilities Approach,’” and Holland, “Environment as Meta-Capability,” for the former, and David Schlosberg, “Justice, Ecological Integrity, and Climate Change,” in Allen Thompson and Jeremy Bendik-Keymer, eds., Ethical Adaptation to Climate Change: Human Virtues of the Future (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2012), pp. 165–84, for the latter.
46. Sen, Development as Freedom, p. 70.
47. Sudhir Anand and Amartya Sen, “Human Development and Economic Sustainability,” World Development 28, no. 12 (2000), p. 2038
48. Amartya Sen, “Why We Should Preserve the Spotted Owl,” London Review of Books 26, no. 3 (February 5, 2004), p. 1.
49. Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice.
50. Edward Page, Climate Change, Justice, and Future Generations (Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar, 2007)
51. Edward Page, “Intergenerational Justice of What: Welfare, Resources, or Capabilities?” Environmental Politics 16, no. 3 (2007), pp. 453–469.
52. Holland, “Justice and the Environment in Nussbaum's ‘Capabilities Approach'”
53. Holland, “Environment as Meta-Capability.” Nussbaum, Women and Human Development, p. 80.
54. Elizabeth G. Hanna, “Health Hazards,” in John S. Dryzek, Richard Norgaard, and David Schlosberg, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 217–223.
55. Scott Leckie, Ezekiel Simperingham, and Jordan Bakker, eds., Climate Change and Displacement Reader (London: Routledge, 2012).
56. Holland, “Environment as Meta-Capability.”
57. Holland, “Justice and the Environment in Nussbaum's ‘Capabilities Approach,’” p. 328.
58. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development, p. 74.
59. Page, Climate Change, Justice, and Future Generations; and Page, “Intergenerational Justice of What.”
60. Robert M. Figueroa, “Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Loss,” in John Dryzek, Richard Norgaard, and David Schlosberg, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 232–250.
61. For another discussion of a community-level approach to capabilities, in particular as applied to indigenous environmental justice, see David Schlosberg and David Carruthers, “Indigenous Struggles, Environmental Justice, and Community Capabilities,” Global Environmental Politics 10, no. 4 (2010), pp. 12–35.
62. Schlosberg, “Justice, Ecological Integrity, and Climate Change.”
63. Jonathan Wolff and Avner de-Shalit, Disadvantage (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).
64. Disadvantage, p. 10.
65. See, e.g., Rasmus Heltberg and Misha Bonch-Osmolovskiy, “Mapping Vulnerability to Climate Change,” World Bank Policy Research Paper 5554 (2011)
66. Climate Commission, The Critical Decade; the Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping System (fivims.net); and Maplecroft's Climate Change Vulnerability Index (maplecroft.com/about/news/ccvi.html).