Exploring different types of academic delayers: A latent profile analysis

Learning and Individual Differences

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 225-233

  Grunschel, Carola ^a   Patrzek, Justine ^a   Fries, Stefan ^a  

^a BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Academic procrastination; Delay; Latent profile analysis; Reasons for academic delay; Typology of academic delayers

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871918546     PISSN: 10416080     EISSN: 18733425     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2012.09.014     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Ackerman D.S., Gross B.L. My instructor made me do it: Task characteristics of procrastination. Journal of Marketing Education 2005, 27:5-13. 10.1177/0273475304273842.
2. Asendorpf J.B. Head-to-head comparison of the predictive validity of personality types and dimensions. European Journal of Personality 2003, 17:327-346. 10.1002/per.492.
3. Beswick G., Rothblum E.D., Mann L. Psychological antecedents of student procrastination. Australian Psychologist 1988, 23:207-217. 10.1080/00050068808255605.
4. Blunt A.K., Pychyl T.A. Task aversiveness and procrastination: A multi-dimensional approach to task aversiveness across stages of personal projects. Personality and Individual Difference 2000, 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00091-4.
5. Choi J.N., Moran S.V. Why not procrastinate? Development and validation of a new active procrastination scale. The Journal of Social Psychology 2009, 149:195-211.
6. Chu A.H.C., Choi J.N. Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of "active" procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of Social Psychology 2005, 145:245-264.
7. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1988, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. 2nd ed.
8. Corkin D.M., Yu S.L., Lindt S.F. Comparing active delay and procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Learning and Individual Differences 2011, 21:602-606. 10.1016/j.lindif.2011.07.005.
9. Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual 1992, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL.
10. Creswell J.W., Plano Clark V.L. Designing and conducting mixed methods research 2007, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
11. Dewitte S., Lens W. Exploring volitional problems in academic procrastinators. International Journal of Educational Research 2000, 33:733-750. 10.1016/S0883-0355(00)00047-1.
12. Dewitte S., Schouwenburg H.C. Procrastination, temptations, and incentives: The struggle between the present and the future in procrastinators and the punctual. European Journal of Personality 2002, 16:469-489. 10.1002/per.461.
13. Diener E., Emmons R.A., Larsen R.J., Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment 1985, 49:71-75.
14. DiStefano C., Kamphaus R.W. Investigating subtypes of child development: A comparison of cluster analysis and latent class cluster analysis in typology creation. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2006, 66:778-794. 10.1177/0013164405284033.
15. Ferrari J.R. Self-handicapping by procrastinators: Protecting self-esteem, social esteem, or both. Journal of Research in Personality 1991, 25:245-261. 10.1016/0092-6566(91)90018-L.
16. Ferrari J.R. Psychometric validation of two procrastination inventories for adults: Arousal and avoidance measures. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1992, 14:97-110. 10.1007/BF00965170.
17. Ferrari J.R. Dysfunctional procrastination and its relationship with self-esteem, interpersonal dependency, and self-defeating behavior. Personality and Individual Differences 1994, 17:673-679. 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90140-6.
18. Ferrari J.R., Barnes K.L., Steel P. Life regrets by avoidant and arousal procrastinators. Why put off today what you will regret tomorrow?. Journal of Individual Differences 2009, 30:163-168. 10.1027/1614-0001.30.3.163.
19. Ferrari J.R., Johnson J.L., McCown W.G. Procrastination research: A synopsis of existing research perspectives. Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment 1995, 21-46. Plenum Press, New York, NY. J.R. Ferrari, J.L. Johnson, W.G. McCown (Eds.).
20. Flett G.L., Blankstein K.R., Martin T.R. Procrastination, negative self-evaluation, and stress in depression and anxiety: A review and preliminary model. Procrastination and task avoidance. Theory, research, and treatment 1995, 137-168. Plenum Press, New York. J.R. Ferrari, J.L. Johnson, W.G. McCown (Eds.).
21. Flett G.L., Hewitt P.L., Davis R.A., Sherry S.B. Description and counseling of the perfectionistic procrastinator. Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings 2004, 181-194. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. H.C. Schouwenburg, C.H. Lay, T.A. Pychyl, J.R. Ferrari (Eds.).
22. Flett G.L., Hewitt P.L., Martin T.R. Dimensions of perfectionism and procrastination. Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment 1995, 113-136. Plenum Press, New York, NY. J.R. Ferrari, J.L. Johnson, W.G. McCown (Eds.).
23. Fürntratt E. Zur Bestimmung der Anzahl interpretierbarer gemeinsamer Faktoren in Faktorenanalysen psychologischer Daten [Determining the number of interpretable common factors in factor analyses of psychological data]. Diagnostica 1969, 15:62-75.
24. Groeben N., Scheele B. Dialogue-hermeneutic method and the "research program subjective theories". Forum: Qualitative Social Research 2000, June, 1(2). Retrieved from http://www.qualitative-research.net/.
25. Gröpel P., Steel P. A mega-trial investigation of goal setting, interest enhancement, and energy on procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 45:406-411. 10.1016/j.paid.2008.05.015.
26. Grunschel C., Patrzek J., Fries S. Exploring reasons and consequences of academic procrastination: An interview study. European Journal of Psychology of Education 2012, 10.1007/s10212-012-0143-4.
27. Haghbin M., McCaffrey A., Pychyl T.A. The complexity of the relation between fear of failure and procrastination. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2012, 10.1007/s10942-012-0153-9.
28. Howell A.J., Watson D.C. Procrastination: Associations with achievement goal orientation and learning strategies. Personality and Individual Differences 2007, 43:167-178. 10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.017.
29. Hu L.T., Bentler P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 1999, 6:1-55. 10.1080/10705519909540118.
30. Jones E.E., Nisbett R.E. The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior 1972, 79-94. General Learning Press, Morristown, NJ. E.E. Jones, D.E. Kanouse, H.H. Kelley, R.E. Nisbett, S. Valins, B. Weiner (Eds.).
31. Klassen R.M., Krawchuk L.L., Rajani S. Academic procrastination of undergraduates: Low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of procrastination. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2008, 33:915-931. 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2007.07.001.
32. Klingsieck, K. B., Grund, A., Schmid, S., & Fries, S. (in press). Why students procrastinate: A qualitative approach. Journal of College Student Development.
33. Lay C.H. A modal profile analysis of procrastinators: A search for types. Personality and Individual Differences 1987, 8:705-714. 10.1016/0191-8869(87)90069-9.
34. Lay C.H., Schouwenburg H.C. Trait procrastination, time management, and academic behavior. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 1993, 8:647-662.
35. Lubke G.H., Muthén B. Investigating population heterogeneity with factor mixture models. Psychological Methods 2005, 10:21-39. 10.1037/1082-989X.10.1.21.
36. Marsh H.W., Hau K.T., Wen Z. In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling 2004, 11:320-341. 10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2.
37. Marsh H.W., Lüdtke O., Trautwein U., Morin A.J.S. Classical latent profile analysis of academic self-concept dimensions: Synergy of person- and variable-centered approaches to theoretical models of self-concept. Structural Equation Modeling 2009, 16:191-225. 10.1080/10705510902751010.
38. Mayring P. Qualitative content analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research 2000, June, 1(2). Retrieved from http://www.qualitative-research.net/.
39. McCown W.G., Johnson J.L., Petzel T. Procrastination, a principal components analysis. Personality and Individual Differences 1989, 10:197-202. 10.1016/0191-8869(89)90204-3.
40. Milgram N.A., Naaman N. Typology in procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences 1996, 20:679-683. 10.1016/0191-8869(96)00018-9.
41. Muthén L.K., Muthén B.O. Mplus user's guide 1998-2007, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA. 5th ed.
42. Nübling R., Bengel J. Patientenfragebogen zur Messung der Rehabilitationsmotivation - PAREMO. Diagnostische Verfahren in der Rehabilitation 2008, 101-104. Hogrefe, Göttingen, Germany. J. Bengel, M. Wirtz, C. Zwingmann (Eds.).
43. Nylund K.L., Asparouhov T., Muthén B.O. Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling 2007, 14:535-569. 10.1080/10705510701575396.
44. O'Connor B.P. SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 2000, 32:396-402. 10.3758/BF03200807.
45. Pastor D.A., Barron K.E., Miller B.J., Davis S.L. A latent profile analysis of college students' achievement goal orientation. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2007, 32:8-47. 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2006.10.003.
46. Patrzek J., Grunschel C., Fries S. Academic procrastination: The perspective of student counselors. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 2012, 34:185-201. 10.1007/s10447-012-9150-z.
47. Pychyl T.A. Active procrastination: Thoughts on an oxymoron. My favorite oxymoron - Active procrastination [Web log post] Retrieved from. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/dont-delay/200907/active-procrastination-thoughts-oxymorons.
48. Rammstedt B., John O.P. Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory (BFI-K): Entwicklung und Validierung eines ökonomischen Inventars zur Erfassung der fünf Faktoren der Persönlichkeit [Short version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-K): Development and validation of an economic inventory for assessment of the five factors of personality]. Diagnostica 2005, 51:195-206. 10.1026/0012-1924.51.4.195.
49. Schiefele U., Jacob-Ebbinghaus L. Lernermerkmale und Lehrqualität als Bedingungen der Studienzufriedenheit. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 2006, 20:199-212. 10.1024/1010-0652.20.3.199.
50. Schilling J. On the pragmatics of qualitative assessment: Designing the process for content analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2006, 22:28-37. 10.1027/1015-5759.22.1.28.
51. Schouwenburg H.C. Procrastinators and fear of failure: An exploration of reasons for procrastination. European Journal of Personality 1992, 6:225-236. 10.1002/per.2410060305.
52. Schouwenburg H.C. Procrastination in academic settings: General introduction. Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings 2004, 3-17. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. H.C. Schouwenburg, C.H. Lay, T.A. Pychyl, J.R. Ferrari (Eds.).
53. Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings 2004, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. H.C. Schouwenburg, C.H. Lay, T.A. Pychyl, J.R. Ferrari (Eds.).
54. Schraw G., Wadkins T., Olafson L. Doing the things we do: A grounded theory of academic procrastination. Journal of Educational Psychology 2007, 99:12-25. 10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.12.
55. Schulz H., Nübling R., Rüddel H. Entwicklung einer Kurzform eines Fragbogens zur Psychotherapiemotivation. Verhaltenstherapie 1995, 5:89-95. 10.1159/000258901.
56. Simpson W.K., Pychyl T.A. In search of the arousal procrastinator: Investigating the relation between procrastination, arousal-based personality traits and beliefs about procrastination motivations. Personality and Individual Differences 2009, 47:906-911. 10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.013.
57. Sirois F.M. Procrastination and intentions to perform health behaviors: The role of self-efficacy and the consideration of future consequences. Personality and Individual Differences 2004, 37:115-128. 10.1016/j.paid.2003.08.005.
58. Sirois F.M., Melia-Gordon M.L., Pychyl T.A. "I'll look after my health, later": An investigation of procrastination and health. Personality and Individual Differences 2003, 35:1167-1184. 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00326-4.
59. Solomon L.J., Rothblum E.D. Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1984, 31:503-509. 10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503.
60. Stead R., Shanahan M.J., Neufeld R.W.J. "I'll go to therapy, eventually": Procrastination, stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences 2010, 49:175-180. 10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.028.
61. Steel P. The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin 2007, 133:65-94. 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65.
62. Steel P. Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: Do they exist?. Personality and Individual Differences 2010, 48:926-934. 10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.025.
63. Steel P. The procrastination equation: How to stop putting things off and start getting things done 2011, Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, Great Britain.
64. Stöber J., Joormann J. Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2001, 25:49-60. 10.1023/A:1026474715384.
65. Tice D.M., Baumeister R.F. Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science 1997, 8:454-458. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x.
66. Tofighi D., Enders C.K. Identifying the correct number of classes in growth mixture models. Advances in latent variable mixture models 2007, 317-341. Information Age, Charlotte, NC. G.R. Hancock, K.M. Samuelsen (Eds.).
67. Tuckman B.W. The development and concurrent validity of the Procrastination Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement 1991, 51:473-480. 10.1177/0013164491512022.
68. Vermunt J.K., Magidson J. Latent class cluster analysis. Applied latent class analysis 2002, 89-106. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA. J.A. Hagenaars, A.L. McCutcheon (Eds.).
69. Wolters C.A. Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology 2003, 95:179-187. 10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.179.
70. Zwick W.R., Velicer W.F. Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain. Psychological Bulletin 1986, 99:432-442. 10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.432.