The Rewalk powered exoskeleton to restore ambulatory function to individuals with thoracic-level motor-complete spinal cord injury

American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Volumn 91, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 911-921

  Esquenazi, Alberto ^a   Talaty, Mukul ^a   Packel, Andrew ^a   Saulino, Michael ^a  

^a Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

Ambulation; Orthotic Devices; Paraplegia; Robotics; Spinal Cord Injury; Walking

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; HUMAN; INJURY; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ORTHOSIS; PARAPLEGIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SPINAL CORD INJURY; VERTEBRA; WALKING;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; HUMANS; LOCOMOTION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ORTHOTIC DEVICES; PARAPLEGIA; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; THORACIC VERTEBRAE; WALKING;

EID: 84871909019     PISSN: 08949115     EISSN: 15377385     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318269d9a3     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. CDC. Resources for entertainment education content developers. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/ToolsTemplates/EntertainmentEd/Tips/ SpinalCordInjury.html. Accessed November 2, 2011
2. Post M, deWitte L, van Asbeck FW, et al: Predictors of health status and life satisfaction in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79:395-401
3. Post M, van Dijk A, van Asbeck F, et al: Life satisfaction of persons with spinal cord injury compared to a population group. Scand J Rehabil Med 1998;30:23-30
4. Putke J, Richards J, Hicken B, et al: Predictors of life satisfaction: A spinal cord injury cohort study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:555-61
5. Schulz R, Decker S: Long-term adjustment to physical disability: The role of social support, perceived control, and self-blame. J Pers Soc Psychol 1985;48: 1162-72
6. Fuhrer M, Rintala, DH, Hart KA, et al: Relationship of life satisfaction to impairment, disability, and handicap among persons with spinal cord injury living in the community. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:552-7
7. Anke AGW, Stenehiem AE, Stanghelle JK: Pain and life quality within 2 years of spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1995;33:555-9
8. Dijkers M: Correlates of life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:867-76
9. McColl M, Stirling P, Walker J, et al: Expectations of independence and life satisfaction among ageing spinal cord injured adults. Disabil Rehabil 1999;21:231-40
10. Kirshblum S, Priebe M, Ho C, et al: Spinal cord injury medicine. 3. Rehabilitation phase after acute spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88:S62-70
11. Welage N, Liu K: Wheelchair accessibility of public buildings: A review of the literature. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2011;6:1-9
12. Goemaere S, Van Laere M, De Neve P, et al: Bone mineral status in paraplegic patients who do or do not perform standing. Osteoporos Int 1994;4:138-43
13. Wall J: Preventing pressure sores among wheelchair users. Prof Nurse 2000;15:321-4
14. Regan M, Teasell R, Wolfe D, et al: A systematic review of therapeutic interventions for pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:213-31
15. Groah S, Lanig I: Neuromusculoskeletal syndromes in wheelchair athletes. Semin Neurol 2000;20:201-8
16. Alm M, Saraste H, Norrbrink C: Shoulder pain in persons with thoracic spinal cord injury: Prevalence and characteristics. J Rehabil Med 2008;40:277-83
17. Chafetz R, Johnston T, Calhoun C: Lower limb orthoses for persons with spinal cord injury, in Hsu J, Michael J, Fisk J (eds): AAOS Atlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices, chapter 27. Philadelphia, PA, Mosby, Elsevier Inc, 2008;357-72
18. Kaplan L, Grynbaum B, Rusk H, et al: A reappraisal of braces and other mechanical aids in patients with spinal cord dysfunction: Results of a follow-up study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1966;47:393-405
19. Franceschini M, Baratta S, Zampolini, M, et al: Reciprocating gait orthoses: A multicenter study of their use by spinal cord injured patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997;78:582-6
20. Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine: Outcomes following traumatic spinal cord injury: Clinical practice guidelines for health-care professionals. J Spinal Cord Med 2000;23:289-316
21. Stein R, Chong S, James K, et al: Electrical stimulation for therapy and mobility after spinal cord injury. Prog Brain Res 2002;137:27-34
22. Kljajic M, Bajd T, Stanic U: Quantitative gait evaluation of hemiplegic patients using electrical stimulation orthoses. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1975;22:438-41
23. Graupe D, Kohn K, Basseas S: Above- and below-lesion EMG pattern mapping for controlling electrical stimulation of paraplegics to facilitate unbraced walkerassisted walking. J Biomed Eng 1988;10:305-11
24. Thoma H, Frey M, Gruber H, et al: First implantation of a 16-channel electric stimulation device in the human body. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1983;29:301-6
25. Audu M, To C, Kobetic R, et al: Gait evaluation of a novel hip constraint orthosis with implication for walking in paraplegia. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2010;18:610-8
26. Buchholz A, McGillivray C, Pencharz P: Physical activity levels are low in free-living adults with chronic paraplegia. Obes Res 2003;11:563-70
27. Brenes G, Dearwater S, Shapera R, et al: High density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in physically active and sedentary spinal cord injured patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986;67:445-50
28. Martin-Ginis KA, Latimer AE, McKechnie K, et al: Using exercise to enhance subjective well-being among people with spinal cord injury: The mediating influences of stress and pain. Rehabil Psychol 2003;48:157-64
29. Jacobs P, Nash M: Exercise recommendations for individuals with spinal cord injury. Sports Med 2004;34: 727-51
30. Stevens S, Caputo J, Fuller D, et al: Physical activity and quality of life in adults with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2008;31:373-8
31. Levins S, Redenbach D, Dyck I: Individual and societal influences on participation in physical activity following spinal cord injury: A qualitative study. Phys Ther 2004;84:496-510
32. Castro M, Apple DJ, Staron R, et al: Influence of complete spinal cord injury on skeletal muscle within 6 months of injury. J Appl Physiol 1999;86:350-8
33. Garland D, Stewart C, Adkins R, et al: Osteoporosis after spinal cord injury. J Orthop Res 1992;10:371-8
34. Elder C, Apple D, Bickel C, et al: Intramuscular fat and glucose tolerance after spinal cord injuryVA crosssectional study. Spinal Cord 2004;42:711-6
35. Dallmeijer A, van der Woude L, van Kamp G, et al: Changes in lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in persons with spinal cord injuries during the first 2 years post-injury. Spinal Cord 1999;37:96-102
36. Thrasher A, Graham G, Popovic M: Reducing muscle fatigue due to functional electrical stimulation using random modulation of stimulation parameters. Artif Organ 2005;29:453-8
37. Estigoni E, Fornusek C, Smith RM, et al: Evoked EMG and muscle fatigue during isokinetic FES cycling in individuals with SCI. Neuromodulation 2011;14:349-55
38. Sie I, Waters R, Adkins R, et al: Upper extremity pain in the postrehabilitation spinal cord injured patient. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:44-8
39. Jain N, Higgins L, Katz J, et al: Association of shoulder pain with the use of mobility devices in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. PM&R 2010;2:896-900
40. Schönherr MC, Groothoff JW, Mulder GA, et al: Participation and satisfaction after spinal cord injury: Results of a vocational and leisure outcome study. Spinal Cord 2005;43:241-8
41. Ditor DS, Latimer AE, Ginis KAM, et al: Maintenance of exercise participation in individuals with spinal cord injury: Effects on quality of life, stress and pain. Spinal Cord 2003;41:446-50
42. Kanis J, Melton LI, Christiansen C, et al: The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1994;9:1137-41
43. Wood-Dauphinée S, Exner G, Bostanci B, et al; SCI Consensus Group: Quality of life in patients with spinal cord injuryVBasic issues, assessment, andrecommendations. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2002;20: 135-49