Catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Two disorders on a same spectrum? Four case reports

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Volumn 201, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 36-42

  Luchini, Federica ^a   Lattanzi, Lorenzo ^a   Bartolommei, Natalia ^a   Cosentino, Luca ^a   Litta, Antonella ^a   Kansky, Christine ^b   Mauri, Mauro ^a   Cassano, Giovanni Battista ^a   Fagiolini, Andrea ^c   Casamassima, Francesco ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^b THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SIENA   (Italy)

Author keywords

antipsychotics; Catatonia; electroconvulsive therapy; neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; APOMORPHINE; ARIPIPRAZOLE; BACLOFEN; BILIRUBIN; BROMOCRIPTINE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLOMIPRAMINE; CLOZAPINE; CREATINE KINASE; CREATINE KINASE MB; DIAZEPAM; GABAPENTIN; HALOPERIDOL; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; LORAZEPAM; MIVACURIUM; MYOGLOBIN; NIAPRAZINE; NIMODIPINE; OLANZAPINE; PARACETAMOL; PIPAMPERONE; PROMAZINE; ROPINIROLE; VALPROIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BILIRUBIN BLOOD LEVEL; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CASE REPORT; CATATONIA; CREATINE KINASE BLOOD LEVEL; DELIRIUM; DELUSION; DIAPHORESIS; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; ELECTROLYTE DISTURBANCE; FEMALE; FEVER; HUMAN; HYPERTHERMIA; HYPOKALEMIA; INTESTINE MOTILITY; LEUKOCYTOSIS; LOGORRHEA; MIXED MANIA AND DEPRESSION; MUSCLE RIGIDITY; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; NEUTROPHILIA; PATIENT SAFETY; RESTLESSNESS; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; TACHYCARDIA; THERAPY EFFECT; URINE RETENTION;

ADULT; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; BENZODIAZEPINES; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CATATONIA; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME;

EID: 84871885911     PISSN: 00223018     EISSN: 1539736X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827ab24b     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Abrams R, Taylor M (1976) Catatonia: A prospective clinical study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 33:579-581.
2. Addonizio G, Susman VL, Roth SD (1987) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Review and analysis of 115 cases. Biol Psychiatry. 22:1004-1020.
3. Adnet P, Lestavel P, Krivosic-Horber R (2000) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Br J Anaesth. 85:129-135.
4. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
5. Ali S, Pearlman RL, Upadhyay A, Patel P (2006) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome with aripiprazole and lithium: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 26: 434-436.
6. Bahro M, Kampf C, Strand J (1999) Catatonia under medication with risperidone in a 61-year-old patient. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 99:223-224.
7. Baykan B, Ertas NK, Ertas M, Aktekin B, Saygi S, Gokigit A. Epibase Group (2005) Comparison of classifications of seizures: A preliminary study with 28 participants and 48 seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 6:607-612.
8. Berardi D, Amore M, Keck P, Troia M, Dell'Atti M (1998) Clinical and pharmacologic risk factors for NMS: A case-control study. Biol Psychiatry. 44:748-754.
9. Berardi D, Dell'Atti M, Amore M, De Ronchi D, Ferrari G (2002) Clinical risk factor for NMS. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 17:99-101.
10. Berry N, Pradhan S, Sagar R, Gupta SK (2003) Neuroleptico malignant syndrome in an adolescent receiving olanzapine-lithium combination therapy. Pharmacotherapy. 23:255-259.
11. Blumer D (1997) Catatonia and the neuroleptics: Psychobiologic significance of remote and recent findings. Compr Psychiatry. 38:193-201
12. Bush G, Fink M, Petrides G, Dowling F, Francis A (1996) Catatonia: I: Rating scale and standardized examination. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 93:129-136.
13. Caroff SN, Mann SC (1993) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Med Clin North Am. 77:185-202.
14. Caroff SN, Mann SC, Keck PE, Francis AMD (2000) Residual catatonic state following NMS. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 20:257-259.
15. Carpenter S, Hatchett AD, Fuller MA (2006) Catatonic schizophrenia and the use of memantine. Ann Pharmacother. 40:344-346.
16. Carroll BT, Taylor BE (1997) The non-dichotomy between lethal catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 17:235-236.
17. Casamassima F, Lattanzi L, Perlis RH, Litta A, Fui E, Bonuccelli U, Fricchione G, Cassano GB (2010) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Further lessons from a case report. Psychosomatics. 51:349-354.
18. Clarke D (1993) Prader-Willi syndrome and psychoses. Br J Psychiatry. 163:680-684.
19. Davis JM, Janicak PG, Sakkas P, Gilmore C, Wang Z (1991) Electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of NMS. Convulsive Ther. 7:111-120.
20. Del Tacca M, Lattanzi L, Lastella M, Di Paolo A, F Mungai F, Danesi R, Menichetti F, Dell'Osso L, Cassano GB(2005) Genotype A1/A2 associated withNMS. Bipolar Disord. 7:390-391.
21. Delay J, Pichot P, Lemperiere T, Elissalde B, Peigne F (1969) A non-phenotiazine and non-reserpine major neuroleptic, haloperidol, in the treatment of psychoses. Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 118:145-152.
22. Dhossche DM, Stoppelbein L, Rout UK (2010) Etiopathogenesis of catatonia generalizations and working hypotheses. J ECT. 26:253-258.
23. Dhosse DM, Wachtel LE (2008) Catatonia in psychiatric illnesses. In Fatemi SH, Clayton PJ (Eds), The medical basis of psychiatry. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 455-470.
24. Fink M (1996) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and catatonia: One entity or two? Biol Psychiatry. 39:1-4.
25. Fink M, Shorter E, Taylor MA (2010) Catatonia is not schizophrenia: Kraepelin's error and the need to recognize catatonia as an independent syndrome in medical nomenclature. Schizophr Bull. 36:314-320.
26. Fink M, Taylor MA (2003) Catatonia: A clinician's guide to diagnosis and treatment. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
27. Fink M, Taylor MA (2006) Catatonia: Subtype or syndrome in DSM?. Am J Psychiatry. 163:11.
28. Francis A, Chandragiri S, Rizvi S, Koch M, Petrides G (2000) Is lorazepam a treatment for NMS? CNS Spectr. 5:54-57.
29. Fricchione G (1985) Neuroleptic catatonia and its relationship to psychogenic catatonia. Biol Psychiatry. 20:304-313.
30. Fricchione G, Mann SC, Caroff SN (2000) Catatonia, lethal catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Psychiatr Ann. 30:347-355.
31. Friedhoff AJ (1983) A strategy for developing novel drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 9:555-562.
32. Gelemberg AJ, Bellinghausen B, Wojcik JD, Falk WE, Sachs GS (1988) A prospective survey of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in short-term psychiatric hospital. Am J Psychiatry. 145:517-518.
33. Joseph F, Lammie G, Scolding N (2007) CNS lupus. A study of 41 patients. Neurology. 69:644-654.
34. Kahlbaum K (1874) Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein. Berlin, Germany: Verlag August Hirshwald.
35. Keck PE, Pope HG, Cohen BM, McElroy SL, Nierenberg AA (1989) Risk factors for NMS: A case-control study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 46:914-918.
36. Kishida I, Kawanishi C, Furuno T, Kato D, Ishigami T, Kosaka K (2004) Association in Japanese patients between neuroleptic malignant syndrome and functional polymorphisms of the dopamine D(2) receptor gene. Mol Psychiatry. 9:293-298.
37. Kontaxakis VP, Vaidakis NM, Christodoulou GN, Valergaki HC (1990) Neurolepticinduced catatonia or a mild form of neuroleptic malignant syndrome? Neuropsychobiology. 23:38-40.
38. Kraepelin E (1896) Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch fur Studirende und Aerzte (5th ed). Leipzig, Germany: Barth.
39. Lee JW (2010) Neuroleptic-induced catatonia: Clinical presentation, response to benzodiazepines, and relationship to neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 30:3-10.
40. Meagher LJ, Mc Kay D, Herkes GK, Needham M (2006) Parkinsonism- hyperpyrexia syndrome: The role of electroconvulsive therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 13:857-859.
41. McDaniel W, Spiegel D (2010) Hyponatremia and abnormal ingestion of water in catatonia. Prim Psychiatry. 17:29-33.
42. Mihara K, Kondo T, Suzuki A, Yasui-Furukori N, Ono S, Sano A, Koshiro K, Otani K, Kaneko S (2003) Relationship between functional dopamine D2 and D3 receptors gene polymorphisms and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 117B:57-60.
43. Munoz C, Yulan N, Achaval V, Appiani F, Carroll BT (2008) Memantine in major depression with catatonic features. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 20:119-120.
44. Newman EJ, Grosset DG, Kennedy PG (2009) The parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome. Neurocrit Care. 10:136-140.
45. Nisijima K, Ishiguro T (1995) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of monoamine metabolites and gamma-aminobutyric acid in NMS. J Psychiatr Res. 29:233-244.
46. Nisijima K, Ishiguro T (1999) Electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of NMS with psychotic symptoms: A report of five cases. J ECT. 15:158-163.
47. Northoff G (2002) Catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Psychopathology and pathophysiology. J Neural Transm. 109:1453-1467.
48. Northoff G, Eckert J, Fritze J (1997) Glutamatergic dysfunction in catatonia? Successful treatment of three acute akinetic catatonia patients with NMDA antagonist amantadine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 62:404-406.
49. Petrides G, Divadeenam K, Bush G, Francis A (1997) Synergism of lorazepam and ECT in the treatment of catatonia. Biol Psychiatry. 42:375-381.
50. Petrides G, Malur C, Fink M (2004) Convulsive therapy. In Caroff SN, Mann SC, Francis A, Fricchione GL (Eds), Catatonia: From psychopathology to neurobiology (pp 151-160). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.
51. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Rothke S, Bush D (1986) Neuropsychological sequelae of NMS. Biol Psychiatry. 21:838-841
52. Scarciglia P, Tarolla E, Biondi M (2004) Valutazione temporale con la Catatonia Rating Scale in un caso di catatonia trattato con diazepam. Riv Psichiatr. 39:58-65.
53. Stauder K (1934) Die todliche Katatonia. Arch Psychiatr Nervenbrank. 102:614-634.
54. Strawn JR, Keck PE, Caroff SN (2007) NMS. Am J Psychiatry. 164:870-876.
55. Susman VL (2001) Clinical management of NMS. Psychiatr Q. 72:325-336.
56. Takubo H, Harada T, Hashimoto T, Inaba Y, Kanazawa I, Kuno S, Mizuno Y, Mizuta E, Murata M, Nagatsu T, Nakamura S, Yanagisawa N, Narabayashi H (2003) A collaborative study on the malignant syndrome in Parkinson's disease and related disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 9(Suppl. 1): S31-S41.
57. Taylor MA (1990) Catatonia, a review of a behavioral neurologic syndrome. Neuropsychiatr Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 3:48-72.
58. Taylor MA, Fink M (2003) Catatonia in Psychiatric classification: A home of its own. Am J Psychiatry. 160:1233-1241.
59. Thomas P, Rascle C, Mastain B, Maron M, Vaiva G (1997) Test for catatonia with zolpidem. Lancet. 349:702.
60. Troller JN, Sachdev PS (1999) Electroconvulsive treatment of NMS: A review and report of cases. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 33:650-659.
61. White DA, Robins AH (1991) Catatonia: Harbinger of the NMS. Br J Psychiatry. 158:419-421.
62. Woodbury MM, Woodbury MA (1992) Neuroleptic-induced catatonia as a stage in the progression toward neuroleptic malignant syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 31:1161-1164.