Sex differences during visual scanning of occlusion events in infants

Developmental Psychology

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1091-1105

  Wilcox, Teresa ^a   Alexander, Gerianne M ^a   Wheeler, Lesley ^a   Norvell, Jennifer M ^b  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Eye tracking; Infants; Object processing; Occlusion; Sex differences

Indexed keywords

AGE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; STATISTICS; VISION;

AGE FACTORS; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATTENTION; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PERCEPTUAL CLOSURE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; STATISTICS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84871876201     PISSN: 00121649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0026529     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Alexander, G. M. (2003). An evolutionary perspective of sex-typed toy preferences: Pink, blue, and the brain. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 7-14. doi:10.1023/A:1021833110722
2. Alexander, G. M., Wilcox, T., & Farmer, M.-B. (2009). Hormone-behavior associations in early infancy. Hormones and Behavior, 56, 498-502. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.08.003
3. Alexander, G. M., Wilcox, T., & Woods, R. (2009). Sex differences in infants' visual interest in toys. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38, 427- 433. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9430-1
4. Antell, S. E., & Keating, D. P. (1983). Perception of numerical invariance in neonates. Child Development, 54, 695-701. doi:10.2307/1130057 Aslin, R. N. (2007). What's in a look? Developmental Science, 10, 48-53. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00563.x
5. Baillargeon, R., Wu, D., Gertner, R., Setoh, P., Kittredge, A. K., & Stavans, M. (in press). Object individuation and physical reasoning in infancy: An integrative account. Language Learning and Development.
6. Benenson, J. F., Duggan, V., & Markovits, H. (2004). Sex differences in infants' attraction to group versus individual stimuli. Infant Behavior & Development, 27, 173-180. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2003.09.008
7. Brown, A. L., Kane, M. J., & Echols, C. H. (1986). Young children's mental models determine analogical transfer across problems with a common goal structure. Cognitive Development, 1, 103-121. doi: 10.1016/S0885-2014(86)80014-4
8. Canfield, R. L., Smith, E. G., Brezsnyak, M. P., & Snow, K. L. (1997). Information processing through the first year of life: A longitudinal study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 62, 1-145. doi:10.2307/1166196
9. Clark, A. S., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1989). Gonadal hormones influence the emergence of cortical function in nonhuman primates. Behavioral Neuroscience, 103, 1287-1295. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.103.6.1287
10. Creighton, D. E. (1984). Sex differences in the visual habituation of 4-, 6-, and 8-month-old infants. Infant Behavior & Development, 7, 237-249. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(84)80061-2
11. Gentner, D. (1983). Structure mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7, 155-170. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0702_3
12. Gentner, D., Loewenstein, J., & Hung, B. (2007). Comparison facilitates children's learning of names for parts. Journal of Cognition and Development, 8, 285-307. doi:10.1080/15248370701446434
13. Gentner, D., & Markman, A. B. (1994). Structural alignment in comparison: No difference without similarity. Psychological Science, 5, 152- 158. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00652.x
14. Gentner, D., & Namy, L. L. (1999). Comparison in the development of categories. Cognitive Development, 14, 487-513. doi:10.1016/S0885- 2014(99)00016-7
15. Gentner, D., & Toupin, C. (1986). Systematicity and surface similarity in the development of analogy. Cognitive Science, 10, 277-300. doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog1003_2
16. Goldman, P. S., Crawford, H. T., Stokes, L. P., Galkin, T. W., & Rosvold, H. E. (1974, November 8). Sex-dependent behavioral effects of cerebral cortical lesions in the developing rhesus monkey. Science, 186, 540-542. doi:10.1126/science.186.4163.540
17. Gredebäck, G., & von Hofsten, C. (2004). Infants' evolving representations of object motion during occlusion: A longitudinal study of 6- to 12-month-old infants. Infancy, 6, 165-184. doi:10.1207/s15327078in0602_2
18. Grönqvist, H., Gredebäck, G., & von Hofsten, C. (2006). Developmental asymmetries between horizontal and vertical tracking. Vision Research, 46, 1754-1761. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.11.007
19. Hagger, C., & Bachevalier, J. (1991). Visual habit formation in 3-monthold monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Reversal of sex differences following neonatal manipulations of androgens. Behavioural Brain Research, 45, 57-63. doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(05)80180-9
20. Hagger, C., Bachevalier, J., & Bercu, B. B. (1987). Sexual dimorphism in the development of habit formation: Effects of perinatal gonadal hormones. Neuroscience, 22(Suppl), S520.
21. Hayoe, M. M. (2004). Advances in relating eye movements and cognition. Infancy, 6, 267-274. doi:10.1207/s15327078in0602_7
22. Jadva, V., Hines, M., & Golombok, S. (2010). Infants' preferences for toys, colors, and shapes: Sex differences and similarities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 1261-1273. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9618-z
23. Johnson, S. P., Amso, D., & Slemmer, J. A. (2003). Development of object concepts in infancy: Evidence for early learning in an eye-tracking paradigm. PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 100, 10568-10573. doi:10.1073/pnas.1630655100
24. Kavšek, M. (2004). Infant perception of object unity in static displays. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 538-545. doi: 10.1080/01650250444000252
25. Levine, S. C., Huttenlocher, J., Taylor, A., & Langrock, A. (1999). Early sex differences in spatial skill. Developmental Psychology, 35, 940-949. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.940
26. Linn, M. C., & Petersen, A. C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56, 1479-1498. doi:10.2307/1130467
27. Loewenstein, J., & Gentner, D. (2001). Spatial mapping in preschoolers: Close comparisons facilitate far mappings. Journal of Cognition and Development, 2, 189-219. doi:10.1207/S15327647JCD0202_4
28. Lutchmaya, S., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). Human sex differences in social and non-social looking preferences at 12 months of age. Infant Behavior & Development, 25, 319-325. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(02)00095-4
29. Markman, A. B., & Gentner, D. (1997). The effects of alignability on memory. Psychological Science, 8, 363-367. doi:10.1111/j.1467- 9280.1997.tb00426.x
30. McCurry, S., Wilcox, T., & Woods, R. (2009). Beyond the search barrier: New evidence for object individuation in young infants. Infant Behavior & Development, 32, 429-436. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.07.002
31. Moore, D. S., & Cocas, L. A. (2006). Perception precedes computation: Can familiarity preferences explain apparent calculation by human babieš. Developmental Psychology, 42, 666 - 678. doi:10.1037/0012- 1649.42.4.666
32. Moore, D. S., & Johnson, S. P. (2008). Mental rotation in human infants: A sex difference. Psychological Science, 19, 1063-1066. doi:10.1111/ j.1467-9280.2008.02200.x
33. Oakes, L. M., Hurley, K. B., Ross-Sheehy, S., & Luck, J. L. (in press). Developmental changes in infants' visual short-term memory for location. Cognition. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.11.007
34. Overman, W. H., Bachevalier, J., Schuhmann, E., & McDonough-Ryan, P. (1997). Sexually dimorphic brain-behavior development: A comparative perspective. In N. A. Krasnegor, G. R. Lyon, & P. S. Goldman-Rakic (Eds.), Development of the prefrontal cortex: Evolution, neurobiology, and behavior (pp. 337-357). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
35. Overman, W. H., Bachevalier, J., Schuhmann, E., & Ryan, P. (1996). Cognitive gender differences in very young children parallel biologically based cognitive gender differences in monkeys. Behavioral Neuroscience, 110, 673-684. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.110.4.673
36. Puts, D. A., McDaniel, M. A., Jordan, C. L., & Breedlove, S. M. (2008). Spatial ability and prenatal androgens: Meta-analyses of CAH and digit ratio (2D: 4D) studies. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 100-111. doi:10.1007/s10508-007-9271-3
37. Quinn, P. C., & Liben, L. S. (2008). A sex difference in mental rotation in young infants. Psychological Science, 19, 1067-1070. doi:10.1111/ j.1467-9280.2008.02201.x
38. Rosander, K., & von Hofsten, C. (2004). Infants' emerging ability to represent occluded object motion. Cognition, 91, 1-22. doi:10.1016/ S0010-0277(03)00166-5
39. Ross-Sheehy, S., Oakes, L. M., & Luck, S. J. (2003). The development of visual short-term memory capacity in infants. Child Development, 74, 1807-1822. doi:10.1046/j.1467-8624.2003.00639.x
40. Schweinle, A., & Wilcox, T. (2004). Sex differences in infants' ability to represent complex event sequences. Infancy, 6, 333-359. doi:10.1207/ s15327078in0603_2
41. Serbin, L. A., Poulin-Dubois, D., Colburne, K. A., Sen, M. G., & Eichstedt, J. A. (2001). Gender stereotyping in infancy: Visual preferences for and knowledge of gender-stereotyped toys in the second year of life. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25, 7-15. doi:10.1080/ 01650250042000078
42. Servin, A., Bohlin, G., & Berlin, L. (1999). Sex differences in 1-, 3-, 5-year-olds' toy-choice in a structured play-session. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 43-48. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00096
43. Voyer, D., Voyer, S., & Bryden, M. P. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 250-270. doi:10.1037/0033- 2909.117.2.250
44. Vuoksimaa, E., Kaprio, J., Kremen, W. S., Hokkanen, L., Viken, R. J., Tuuilo-Henriksson, A., & Rose, R. J. (2010). Having a male co-twin masculinizes mental rotation performance in females. Psychological Science, 21, 1069-1071. doi:10.1177/0956797610376075
45. Wang, S.-H., & Baillargeon, R. (2006). Infants' physical knowledge affects their change detection. Developmental Science, 9, 173-181. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00477.x
46. Wang, S.-H., & Baillargeon, R. (2008). Can infants be "taught" to attend to a new physical variable in an event category? The case of height in covering events. Cognitive Psychology, 56, 284-326. doi:10.1016/ j.cogpsych.2007.06.003
47. Wilcox, T. (1999). Object individuation: Infants' use of shape, size, pattern, and color. Cognition, 72, 125-166. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277 (99)00035-9
48. Wilcox, T. (2003). Event-mapping tasks: Investigating the effects of prior information and event complexity on performance. Infant Behavior & Development, 26, 568-587. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2003.05.001
49. Wilcox, T. (2007). Sex differences in infants' mapping of complex occlusion sequences: Further evidence. Infancy, 12, 303-327. doi:10.1111/ j.1532-7078.2007.tb00245.x
50. Wilcox, T., & Baillargeon, R. (1998a). Object individuation in infancy: The use of featural information in reasoning about occlusion events. Cognitive Psychology, 37, 97-155. doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0690
51. Wilcox, T., & Baillargeon, R. (1998b). Object individuation in young infants: Further evidence with an event monitoring task. Developmental Science, 1, 127-142. doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00019
52. Wilcox, T., & Chapa, C. (2002). Infants' reasoning about opaque and transparent occluders in an individuation task. Cognition, 85, B1-B10. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(02)00055-0
53. Wilcox, T., & Schweinle, A. (2002). Object individuation and event mapping: Developmental changes in infants' use of featural information. Developmental Science, 5, 132-150. doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00217
54. Woods, R. J., Wilcox, T., Armstrong, J., & Alexander, G. (2010). Infants' representations of three-dimensional occluded objects. Infant Behavior & Development, 33, 663-671. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.09.002
55. Xu, F. (2002). The role of language in acquiring object kind concepts in infancy. Cognition, 85, 223-250. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(02)00109-9
56. Xu, F., & Baker, A. (2005). Object individuation in 10-month-old infants using a simplified manual search method. Journal of Cognition and Development, 6, 307-323. doi:10.1207/s15327647jcd0603_1
57. Xu, F., Cote, M., & Baker, A. (2005). Labeling guides object individuation in 12-month-old infants. Psychological Science, 16, 372-377.