The U-shaped relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality contrasts with a progressive increase in medical expenditure: A prospective cohort study

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 577-587

  Pan, Wen Harn ^a,b,c   Yeh, Wen Ting ^b   Chen, Hsin Jen ^b,d   Chuang, Shao Yuan ^a   Chang, Hsing Yi ^a   Chen, Likwang ^a   Wahlqvist, Mark L ^a,e,f,g  

^a NATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTES   (Taiwan)

^b INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES   (Taiwan)

^c NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^d JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^f APCNS Centre of Nutrition and Food Safety   (China)

^g MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Asians; Body mass index; Cohort studies; Expenditure; Mortality

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; COST OF ILLNESS; ECONOMICS; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; MALE; MALNUTRITION; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; OVERNUTRITION; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PUBLIC HEALTH; SEX DIFFERENCE; TAIWAN;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BODY MASS INDEX; COHORT STUDIES; COST OF ILLNESS; FEMALE; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HUMANS; MALE; MALNUTRITION; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS; OVERNUTRITION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEX FACTORS; TAIWAN; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84871860638     PISSN: 09647058     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Ishikawa-Takata K, Ohta T, Moritaki K, Gotou T, Inoue S. Obesity, weight change and risks for hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in Japanese men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56:601-7.
2. Liese AD, Mayer-Davis EJ, Tyroler HA, Davis CE, Keil U, Duncan BB, Heiss G. Development of the multiple metabolic syndrome in the ARIC cohort: joint contribution of insulin, BMI, and WHR. Atherosclerosis risk in communities. Ann Epidemiol. 1997;7:407-16.
3. Ni Mhurchu C, Rodgers A, Pan WH, Gu DF, Woodward M. Body mass index and cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific Region: an overview of 33 cohorts involving 310 000 participants. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:751-8.
4. van Huisstede A, Braunstahl GJ. Obesity and asthma: comorbidity or causal relationship? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2010;73:116-23.
5. Vgontzas AN. Does obesity play a major role in the pathogenesis of sleep apnoea and its associated manifestations via inflammation, visceral adiposity, and insulin resistance? Arch Physiol Biochem. 2008;114:211-23.
6. Kuriyama S, Tsubono Y, Hozawa A, Shimazu T, Suzuki Y, Koizumi Y, Ohmori K, Nishino Y, Tsuji I. Obesity and risk of cancer in Japan. Int J Cancer. 2005;113:148-57.
7. Lukanova A, Bjor O, Kaaks R, Lenner P, Lindahl B, Hallmans G, Stattin P. Body mass index and cancer: results from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:458-66.
8. Parr CL, Batty GD, Lam TH, Barzi F, Fang X, Ho SC, et al. Body-mass index and cancer mortality in the Asia-Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration: pooled analyses of 424,519 participants. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:741-52.
9. WHO. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO 1999.
10. Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, Halsey J, Qizilbash N, Collins R, Peto R. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373:1083-96.
11. Zheng W, McLerran DF, Rolland B, Zhang X, Inoue M, Matsuo K, et al. Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:719-29.
12. Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, Flint AJ, Hannan L, MacInnis RJ, et al. Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2211-9.
13. Willett WC, Dietz WH, Colditz GA. Guidelines for healthy weight. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:427-34.
14. Adams KF, Schatzkin A, Harris TB, Kipnis V, Mouw T, Ballard-Barbash R, Hollenbeck A, Leitzmann MF. Overweight, obesity, and mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355:763-78.
15. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2005;293:1861-7.
16. Jee SH, Sull JW, Park J, Lee SY, Ohrr H, Guallar E, Samet JM. Body-mass index and mortality in Korean men and women. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:779-87.
17. Herselman M, Esau N, Kruger J-M, Labadarios D, Moosa MR. Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Mortality in Adults on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review. J Ren Nutr. 2010;20:281-92.
18. Janssen I, Lam M, Katzmarzyk PT. Influence of overweight and obesity on physician costs in adolescents and adults in Ontario, Canada. Obes Rev. 2009;10:51-7.
19. Colagiuri S, Lee CM, Colagiuri R, Magliano D, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Caterson ID. The cost of overweight and obesity in Australia. Med J Aust. 2010;192:260-4.
20. Daviglus ML. Relation of Body Mass Index in Young Adulthood and Middle Age to Medicare Expenditures in Older Age. JAMA. 2004;292:2743-9.
21. Hu HY, Chou YJ, Chou P, Lee CH, Lee MC, Huang N. Association between obesity and medical care expenditure among Taiwanese adults. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17: 492-504.
22. Wen CP, Cheng TY, Tsai MK, Chang YC, Chan HT, Tsai SP, et al. All-cause mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study based on 462 293 adults in Taiwan. Lancet. 2008;371:2173-82.
23. Chuang SY, Chen CH, Chou P. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a large health check-up population in Taiwan. J Chin Med Assoc. 2004;67:611-20.
24. Yang FY, Wahlqvist ML, Lee MS. Body mass index (BMI) as a major factor in the incidence of the metabolic syndrome and its constituents in unaffected Taiwanese from 1998 to 2002. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17:339-51.
25. Chen JH, Chuang SY, Chen HJ, Yeh WT, Pan WH. Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic stroke mortality: a Chinese cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:225-32.
26. Lu JF, Hsiao WC. Does universal health insurance make health care unaffordable? Lessons from Taiwan. Health Aff. 2003;22:77-88.
27. General recommendations of the 2007 WCRF/AICR Diet and Cancer Report.World Research Cancer Fund. [cited April 20, 2011]; Available from: http://www.dietand cancerreport.org/downloads/BARRELFOLD2_WCRF.pdf
28. Wen CP, David Cheng TY, Tsai SP, Chan HT, Hsu HL, Hsu CC, Eriksen MP. Are Asians at greater mortality risks for being overweight than Caucasians? Redefining obesity for Asians. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12:497-506.
29. Gu D, He J, Duan X, Reynolds K, Wu X, Chen J, Huang G, Chen CS, Whelton PK. Body weight and mortality among men and women in China. JAMA. 2006;295:776-83.
30. Pluijm SM, Smit JH, Tromp EA, Stel VS, Deeg DJ, Bouter LM, Lips P. A risk profile for identifying communitydwelling elderly with a high risk of recurrent falling: results of a 3-year prospective study. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17:417-25.
31. Lin WY, Albu J, Liu CS, Huang HY, Pi-Sunyer FX, Li C, Li TC, Lin CC, Huang KC. Larger body mass index and waist circumference are associated with lower mortality in Chinese long-term care facility residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:2092-8.
32. Prescott E, Almdal T, Mikkelsen KL, Tofteng CL, Vestbo J, Lange P. Prognostic value of weight change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Respir J. 2002;20:539-44.
33. Sauvaget C, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Vinoda J, Thara S, Sankaranarayanan R. Body mass index, weight change and mortality risk in a prospective study in India. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37:990-1004.
34. Kragelund C, Hassager C, Hildebrandt P, Torp-Pedersen C, Kober L. Impact of obesity on long-term prognosis following acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. 2005; 98:123-31.
35. Corrada MM, Kawas CH, Mozaffar F, Paganini-Hill A. Association of body mass index and weight change with allcause mortality in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163: 938-49.
36. Centers for disease control. R.O.C.(Taiwan) [cited April 20, 2011]; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov.tw/sp.asp? xdurl=disease/disease_content_pda.asp&id=777&mp=998&ctnode&topcat=3.
37. Pan WH, Flegal KM, Chang HY, Yeh WT, Yeh CJ, Lee WC. Body mass index and obesity-related metabolic disorders in Taiwanese and US whites and blacks: implications for definitions of overweight and obesity for Asians. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:31-9.
38. Yeh WT, Chang HY, Yeh CJ, Tsai KS, Chen HJ, Pan WH. Do centrally obese Chinese with normal BMI have increased risk of metabolic disorders? Int J Obes. 2005;29: 818-25.
39. Frost GS, Lyons GF. Obesity impacts on general practice appointments. Obes Res. 2005;13:1442-9.
40. Tsai WL, Yang CY, Lin SF, Fang FM. Impact of obesity on medical problems and quality of life in Taiwan. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:557-65.
41. Huang IC, Frangakis C, Wu AW. The relationship of excess body weight and health-related quality of life: evidence from a population study in Taiwan. Int J Obes. 2006;30: 1250-9.
42. Reeves GK, Pirie K, Beral V, Green J, Spencer E, Bull D. Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study. BMJ. 2007;335:1134.
43. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1625-38.
44. van Dijk L, Otters HB, Schuit AJ. Moderately overweight and obese patients in general practice: a population based survey. BMC Fam Pract. 2006;7:43.
45. Tobin, J. Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables. Econometrica. 1958;26:24-36.
46. Gray DS. Diagnosis and prevalence of obesity. Med Clin North Am. 1989;73:1-13.
47. Lew EA, Garfinkel L. Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32: 563-76.