The biofilm in bacterial vaginosis: Implications for epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 86-89

  Verstraelen, Hans ^a   Swidsinski, Alexander ^b  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

^b CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Atopobium vaginae; bacterial vaginosis; biofilm; Gardnerella vaginalis; polymicrobial infection

Indexed keywords

CLINDAMYCIN; METRONIDAZOLE; MOXIFLOXACIN; OCTENIDINE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BIOFILM; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PLANKTON; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; URINE SEDIMENT; VAGINA DISCHARGE; VAGINA EPITHELIUM; VAGINA SMEAR; VAGINITIS;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; BACTERIAL ADHESION; BIOFILMS; FEMALE; GARDNERELLA VAGINALIS; HUMANS; MALE; VAGINA; VAGINOSIS, BACTERIAL;

EID: 84871809900     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: 14736527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32835c20cd     Document Type: Review

References (20)

1. Peters BM, Jabra-Rizk MA, O'May GA, et al. Polymicrobial interactions: impact on pathogenesis and human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25:193-213.
2. Swidsinski A, Mendling W, Loening-Baucke V, et al. Adherent biofilms in bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106 (5 Pt 1):1013-1023. (Pubitemid 41532908)
3. Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, VaneechoutteM, Temmerman M. The epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis in relation to sexual behaviour. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:81.
4. Swidsinski A, Doerffel Y, Loening-Baucke V, et al. Gardnerella biofilm involves females and males and is transmitted sexually. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2010; 70:256-263.
5. Danielsson D, Teigen PK, Moi H. The genital econiche: focus on microbiota and bacterial vaginosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1230:48-58.
6. Swidsinski A, Dö rffel Y, Loening-Baucke V, et al. Desquamated epithelial cells covered with a polymicrobial biofilm typical for bacterial vaginosis are present in randomly selected cryopreserved donor semen. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2010; 59:399-404.
7. Yeoman CJ, Yildirim S, Thomas SM, et al. Comparative genomics of Gardnerella vaginalis strains reveals substantial differences in metabolic and virulence potential. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12411.
8. Harwich MD Jr, Alves JM, Buck GA, et al. Drawing the line between commensal and pathogenic Gardnerella vaginalis through genome analysis and virulence studies. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:375.
9. Patterson JL, Stull-Lane A, Girerd PH, Jefferson KK. Analysis of adherence, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity suggests a greater virulence potential of Gardnerella vaginalis relative to other bacterial-vaginosis- associated anaerobes. Microbiology 2010; 156 (Pt 2):392-399.
10. Menard JP, Fenollar F, Henry M, et al. Molecular quantification of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae loads to predict bacterial vaginosis. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:33-43. (Pubitemid 351920584)
11. Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of Gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:297-301.
12. Ison CA, Hay PE. Validation of a simplified grading of Gram stained vaginal smears for use in genitourinary medicine clinics. Sex Transm Infect 2002; 78:413-415. (Pubitemid 36020813)
13. Verstraelen H, Verhelst R. Bacterial vaginosis: an update on diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009; 7:1109-1124.
14. Eschenbach DA. Bacterial vaginosis: resistance, recurrence, and/or reinfection? Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:220-221.
15. Swidsinski A, Mendling W, Loening-Baucke V, et al. An adherent Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm persists on the vaginal epithelium after standard therapy with oral metronidazole. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 198:97e1-97e6.
16. Swidsinski A, Dö rffel Y, Loening-Baucke V, et al. Response of Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm to 5 days of moxifloxacin treatment. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2011; 61:41-46.
17. Senok AC, Verstraelen H, Temmerman M, Botta GA. Probiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (4):CD006289.
18. McMillan A, Dell M, Zellar MP, et al. Disruption of urogenital biofilms by lactobacilli. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 86:58-64.
19. Braga PC, Dal Sasso M, Culici M, Spallino A. Inhibitory activity of thymol on native and mature Gardnerella vaginalis biofilms: in vitro study. Arzneimittelforschung 2010; 60:675-681.
20. Hooven TA, Randis TM, Hymes SR, et al. Retrocyclin inhibits Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm formation and toxin activity. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2870-2872.