Prehistoric land use at an archaeological hot-spot (the rock art park of Campo Lameiro, NW Spain) inferred from charcoal, synanthropic pollen and non-pollen palynomorph proxies

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 1518-1527

  Kaal, Joeri ^a   Criado Boado, Felipe ^a   Costa Casais, Manuela ^a   López Sáez, José Antonio ^b   López Merino, Lourdes ^c   Mighall, Tim ^d   Carrión, Yolanda ^e   Silva Sánchez, Noemí ^f   Martínez Cortizas, Antonio ^f  

^a Edificio Fontán   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO DE HISTORIA   (Spain)

^c BRUNEL UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

^f UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Campo Lameiro (NW Spain); Charcoal; Human activities; Non pollen palynomorphs; Pollen; Rock art; Vegetation change

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; ARCHAEOLOGY; BIOINDICATOR; BRONZE AGE; CHARCOAL; COLLUVIAL DEPOSIT; HUMAN ACTIVITY; LAND USE; NEOLITHIC; PALEOCLIMATE; PALYNOLOGY; PALYNOMORPH; PASTURE; PREHISTORIC; ROCK ART; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

CAMPO LAMEIRO; GALICIA [SPAIN]; PONTEVEDRA [GALICIA]; SPAIN;

ANIMALIA; COPROPHILOUS; CYPERACEAE; FUNGI; MOUGEOTIA; PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA; PREUSSIA (ASCOMYCETE); QUERCUS; URTICA DIOICA;

EID: 84871786408     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2012.09.024     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Aira Rodríguez M.J., Saá Otero M.P. Contribución al conocimiento de la vegetación holocena (3000-2210 BP) de la provincia de Pontevedra a través del análisis polínico. An. Jard. Bot. Madr. 1988, 45:461-474.
2. Aira Rodríguez M.J., Ramil Rego P., Alvarez Nuñez A. Estudio paleocarpológico realizado en el Castro de Penalba (Campolameiro, Pontevedra. España). Bot. Complut. 1990, 16:81-90.
3. Allen J.R.M., Huntley B., Watts W.A. The vegetation and climate of northwest Iberia over the last 14000 yr. J. Quat. Sci. 1996, 11:125-147.
4. álvarez Núñez A. Castro de Penalba: Campaña de excavación de 1983. Serie Arqueoloxía/Memorias 4 1986, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela.
5. álvarez Núñez A. Castro de Penalba (Campolameiro) y Castro dos Mouros (Moraña) 1987, vol. 41. Publicaciones del Museo de Pontevedra, pp. 97-111.
6. Balboa López X.L. O Monte en Galicia 1990, Edicións Xerais de Galicia, Vigo.
7. Ballesteros Arias P. La arqueología rural y la construcción de un paisaje agragrio medieval: el caso de Galicia. BAR Int. Ser. 2010, 2062:25-39.
8. Blaauw M. Methods and code for 'classical' age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quat. Geochronol. 2010, 5:512-518.
9. Bonilla Rodríguez, A., César Vila, M. La excavación en la zona de Chan das Pozas. In: Criado Boado, F., Martínez Cortizas, A. (Eds.), Arte Rupestre, Paleoambiente y Paisaje. Miradas Interdisciplinares sobre Campo Lameiro. Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA), in press.
10. Bouhier A. La Galice: essai géographique d'analyse et d'interpretation d'un vieux complexe agraire 1979, Imprimerie Yonnaise, La Roche-sur-Yon.
11. Bradley R., Fábregas Valcarce R. Crossing the border: contrasting styles of rock art in the prehistory of North-West Iberia. Oxf. J. Archaeol. 1998, 17:287-308.
12. Bradley R., Criado Boado F., Fábragas Valcarce R. Rock art and the prehistoric landscape of Galicia: the results of field survey 1992-1994. Proc. Prehist. Soc. 1995, 61:347-370.
13. Brown A.D., Bradley R.J., Goldhahn J., Nord J., Skoglund P., Yendell V. The environmental context of a prehistoric rock carving on the Bjäre Peninsula, Scania, southern Sweden. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2011, 38:746-752.
14. Brown A.G. Characterising prehistoric lowland environments using local pollen assemblages. J. Quat. Sci. 1999, 14:585-594.
15. Calcote R. Pollen source area and pollen productivity: evidence from forest hollows. J. Ecol. 1995, 83:591-602.
16. Carballas T., Duchaufour P., Jacquin F. évolution de la matière organique des rankers. Bull. Ec. Natl. Super. Agron. Nancy 1967, 9:20-28.
17. Carcaillet C., Almquist H., Asnong H., Bradshaw R.H.W., Carrión J.S., Gaillard M.-J., Gajewski K., Haas J.N., Haberle S.G., Hadorn P., Müller S.D., Richard P.J.H., Richoz I., Rösch M., Sánchez Goñi M.F., von Stedingk H., Stevenson A.G., Talon B., Tardy C., Tinner W., Tryterud E., Wick L., Willis K.J. Holocene biomass burning and global dynamics of the carbon cycle. Chemosphere 2002, 49:845-863.
18. Carrión J.S., van Geel B. Fine-resolution Upper Weichselian and Holocene palynological record from Navarrés (Valencia, Spain) and a discussion about factors of Mediterranean forest succession. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1999, 106:209-236.
19. Carrión Y., Kaal J., López-Sáez J.A., López-Merino L., Martínez Cortizas A. Holocene vegetation changes in NW Iberia revealed by anthracological and palynological records from a colluvial soil. Holocene 2010, 20:53-66.
20. Carrión J.S., Fernández S., González-Sampériz P., Gil-Romera G., Badal E., Carrión-Marco Y., López-Merino L., López-Sáez J.A., Fierro E., Burjachs F. Expected trends and surprises in the Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation history of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2010, 162:458-475.
21. Casaldine C.J. Archaeological and environmental change on prehistoric Dartmoor - current understanding and future directions. J. Quat. Sci. 1999, 14:575-583.
22. Clark J.S., Merkt J., Müller H. Post-Glacial fire, vegetation, and human history of the northern Alpine forelands, south-western Germany. J. Ecol. 1989, 77:897-925.
23. Costa Casais M., Martínez Cortizas A., Pontevedra-Pombal X., Criado Boado F. Analysis of landforms in geoarchaeology: Campo Lameiro, NW Iberian Peninsula. Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. d'It. 2009, 86:39-50.
24. Costas Goberna F.J., Novoa álvarez P. Los grabados rupestres de Galicia. Monografías del Museu Arqueolóxico e Histórico de A Coruña 1993, vol. 6.
25. Court-Picon M., Buttler A., de Beaulieu J.-L. Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in the Champsaur valley (French Alps) and their potential in the interpretation of fossil pollen records of past cultural landscapes. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2005, 135:13-39.
26. Criado Boado, F. Arqueología del paisaje: las formas del espacio en la Galicia Antigua. Cadernos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (CAPA), in press.
27. Currás A., Zamora L., Reed J.M., García-Soto E., Ferrero S., Armengol X., Mezquita-Joanes F., Marqués M.A., Riera S., Julià R. Climate change and human impact in central Spain during Roman times: high-resolution multi-proxy analysis of a tufa lake record (Somolinos, 1280 m asl). Catena 2012, 89:31-53.
28. De La Peña Santos A., Costas Goberna F.J. Roteiro de petroglifos de Galicia. Arte Rupestre Prehistórica do Eixo Atlántico 2005, 83-170. Eixo Atántico, Vigo. J.M. Hidalgo Cuñarro (Ed.).
29. De La Peña Santos A., Rey García J.M. El espacio de la representación. El arte rupestre galaico desde una perspectiva territorial. Rev. Estud. Prov. 1993, 10:11-50.
30. De La Peña Santos A. Excavaciones arqueológicas de urgencia en la provincia de Pontevedra durante el año 1981 1982, vol. 36. Publicaciones del Museo de Pontevedra, pp. 67-82.
31. De La Peña Santos A. Excavación de un complejo de grabados rupestres en Campo Lameiro (Pontevedra). Ars. Praehist. 1985, 3-4:285-290.
32. De La Peña Santos A. El grupo Galaico de arte rupestre 1992, 1st " Congrés Internacional de Gravats Rupestres i Murals" , Lleida, Spain.
33. De La Peña Santos A. Arte rupestre en Galicia. Arte Rupestre Prehistórica do Eixo Atlántico 2005, 3-82. Eixo Atántico, Vigo. J.M. Hidalgo Cuñarro (Ed.).
34. Dumayne-Peaty L., Barber K. Late Holocene vegetational history, human impact and pollen representativity variations in northern Cumbria, England. J. Quat. Sci. 1998, 13:147-164.
35. Fábregas Valcarce R., Martínez Cortizas A., Blanco Chao R., Chesworth W. Environmental change and social dynamics in the second-third millennium BC in NW Iberia. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2003, 30:859-871.
36. Ferro Vázquez, C., Costa-Casais, M., Pontevedra-Pombal, X. Morfología de los suelos. In: Criado Boado, F., Martínez Cortizas, A. (Eds.), Arte Rupestre, Paleoambiente y Paisaje. Miradas Interdisciplinares sobre Campo Lameiro. Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA), in press.
37. Franz H. Drei Klimabedingte Ranker-Subtypen Europas 1956, vol. E. VI Congrès Internacional de la Science du Sol, Paris, pp. 135-141.
38. Fyfe R.M., Brown A.G., Rippon S.J. Mid- to late-Holocene vegetation history of Greater Exmoor, UK: estimating the spatial extent of human-induced vegetation change. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2003, 12:215-232.
39. Fyfe R.M. Bronze Age landscape dynamics: spatially detailed pollen analysis from a ceremonial complex. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2012, 39:2764-2773.
40. Gaillard M.-J., Sugita S., Bunting M.J., Middleton R., Broström A., Caseldine C., Giesecke T., Hellman S.E.V., Hicks S., Hjelle K., Langdon C., Nielsen A.-B., Poska A., von Stedingk H., Veski S., PolLandCal Members The use of modelling and simulation approach in reconstructing past landscapes from fossil pollen data: a review and results from the POLLANDCAL network. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2008, 17:419-443.
41. Gardner J.J., Whitlock C. Charcoal accumulation following a recent fire in the Cascade Range, northwestern USA, and its relevance for fire-history studies. Holocene 2001, 11:541-549.
42. Hall, L. Species Richness and the Effects of Trampling and Other Management in Fant Wildlife Area, Maidstone, Kent. (accessed 15.02.12.). http://www.freewebs.com/fantwildlife.
43. Hannon G.E., Bradshaw R.H.W., Nord J., Gustafsson M. The Bronze Age landscape of the Bjäre peninsula, southern Sweden, and its relationship to burial mounds. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2008, 35:623-632.
44. Hellman S., Bunting M.J., Gaillard M.-J. Relevant source area of pollen in patchy cultural landscapes and signals of anthropogenic landscape disturbance in the pollen record: a simulation approach. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2009, 153:245-258.
45. Innes J.B., Blackford J.J. The ecology of Late Mesolithic woodland disturbances: model testing with fungal spore assemblage data. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2003, 30:185-194.
46. International Union of Soil Sciences World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2006. A Framework for International Classification, Correlation and Communication. World Soil Resources Reports 103 2006, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
47. Jacobsen G.L., Bradshaw R.H.W. The selection of sites for paleovegetational studies. Quat. Res. 1981, 16:80-96.
48. Jacquiot C., Trenard Y., Dirol D. Atlas d'anatomie des bois des angiospermes (Essences feuillues) 1973, Cent. Tech. Bois, Paris, 175 pp.
49. Jacquiot C. Atlas d'anatomie des bois des conifères 1955, Cent. Tech. Bois, Paris, 133 pp.
50. Jalut G., Turu i Michels V., Dedoubat J.-J., Otto T., Ezquerra J., Fontugne M., Belet J.M., Bonnet L., García de Celis A., Redondo-Vega J.M., Vidal-Romaní J.R., Santos L. Palaeoenvironmental studies in NW Iberia (Cantabrian Range): Vegetation history and synthetic approach of the last deglaciation phases in the western Mediterranean. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. 2010, 297:330-350.
51. Jessen C.A., Rundgren M., Björck S., Hammerlund D. Abrupt climatic changes and an unstable transition into a late Holocene Thermal Decline: a multiproxy lacustrine record from southern Sweden. J. Quat. Sci. 2005, 20:349-362.
52. Kaal J., Costa Casais M., Ferro Vázquez C., Pontevedra Pombal X., Martínez Cortizas A. Soil formation of " Atlantic Rankers" from NW Spain - a high resolution aluminium and iron fractionation study. Pedosphere 2008, 18:441-453.
53. Kaal J., Carrión Marco Y., Asouti E., Martín Seijo M., Martínez Cortizas A., Costa Casáis M., Criado Boado F. Long-term deforestation in NW Spain: linking the Holocene fire history to vegetation change and human activities. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2011, 20:161-175.
54. Kaal, J., 2011. Identification, Molecular Characterisation and Significance of Fire Residues in Colluvial Soils from Campo Lameiro (NW Spain). PhD. dissertation. http://hdl.handle.net/10261/35227.
55. Kalis A.J., Merkt J., Wunderlich J. Environmental changes during the Holocene climatic optimum in central Europe - human impact and natural causes. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2003, 22:33-79.
56. Lang A., Hönscheidt S. Age and source of colluvial sediments at Vaihingen-Enz, Germany. Catena 1999, 38:89-107.
57. Leopold M., Völkell J. Colluvium: definition, differentiation, and possible suitability for reconstructing Holocene climate data. Quat. Int. 2007, 162-163:133-140.
58. López Sáez, J.A., López Merino, L., López García, P., Pérez Díaz, S. Paleopaisaje del Parque de Arte Rupestre de Campolameiro durante los últimos 5500 años. In: Criado Boado, F., Martínez Cortizas, A. (Eds.), Arte Rupestre, Paleoambiente y Paisaje. Miradas Interdisciplinares sobre Campo Lameiro. Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA), in press.
59. López-Merino L., Martínez Cortizas A., López-Sáez J.A. Early agriculture and palaeoenvironmental history in the North of the Iberian Peninsula: a multi-proxy analysis of the Monte Areo mire (Asturias, Spain). J. Archaeol. Sci. 2010, 37:1978-1988.
60. López-Merino L., Silva Sánchez N., Kaal J., López-Sáez A., Martínez Cortizas A. Post-disturbance vegetation dynamics during the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene: an example from NW Iberia. Glob. Planet. Chang. 2012, 92-93:58-70.
61. López-Sáez J.A., Parcero Oubiña C., Lima Oliveira E., López García P., Criado Boado F., Macías Rosado R., Martínez Cortizas A., Franco Maside S. Paleopaisajes concretos: polen, suelos y arqueología del yacimiento de As Pontes (Abadín, Lugo). Trab. Prehist. 2003, 60:139-151.
62. López-Sáez J.A., López Merino L., Pérez Díaz S. Neolitización, megalitismo y antropización del paisaje en Galicia entre el VII y el IV milenio cal. BC. Munibe 2010, 32:488-496.
63. Luque Marín, J.A., 2003. El lago de Sanabria: un sensor de las oscilaciones climáticas del Atlántico Norte durante los últimos 6.000 años. PhD. thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona.
64. Magny M., Leuzinger U., Bortenschlager S., Haas J.N. Tripartite climate reversal in Central Europe 5600-5300 years ago. Quat. Res. 2006, 65:3-19.
65. Magny M., Vannière B., Zanchetta G., Fouache E., Touchais G., Petrika L., Coussot C., Walter-Simonnet A., Arnaud F. Possible complexity of the climatic event around 4300-3800 cal. BP in the central and western Mediterranean. Holocene 2009, 19:823-833.
66. Martínez Cortizas A., Moares Domínguez C. Edafología y arqueología. Estudios de yacimientos arqueológicos en al aire libre en Galicia 1995, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela.
67. Martínez Cortizas A., Pontevedra Pombal X., Nóvoa Muñoz J.C., García-Rodeja E., Shotyk W. Mercury in a Spanish peat bog: archive of climate change and atmospheric metal deposition. Science 1999, 284:939-942.
68. Martínez Cortizas A., García-Rodeja E., Weiss D. Peat bog archives of atmospheric metal deposition. Sci. Total Environ. 2002, 292:1-5.
69. Martínez Cortizas A., Mighall T., Pontevedra Pombal X., Nóvoa Muñoz J.C., Peiteado Varela E., Piñeiro Rebolo R. Linking changes in atmospheric dust deposition, vegetation change and human activities in northwest Spain during the last 5300 years. Holocene 2005, 15:698-706.
70. Martínez Cortizas A., Costa-Casais M., López-Sáez J.A. Environmental change in NW Iberia between 7000 and 500 cal BC. Quat. Int. 2009, 200:77-89.
71. Mellars P. Fire ecology, animal populations and man: a study of some ecological relationships in prehistory. Proc. Prehist. Soc. 1976, 42:15-45.
72. Méndez Fernández, F., López Alonso, J. Excavación del yacimiento de Chan das Pozas, campaña de 2008. In: Criado Boado, F., Martínez Cortizas, A. (Eds.), Arte Rupestre, Paleoambiente y Paisaje. Miradas Interdisciplinares sobre Campo Lameiro. Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA), in press.
73. Mighall T.M., Martínez Cortizas A., Biester H., Turner S.E. Proxy climate and vegetation changes during the last five millennia in NW Iberia: pollen and non-pollen palynomorph data from two ombrotrophic peat bogs in the North Western Iberian Peninsula. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2006, 141:203-223.
74. Muñoz Sobrino C., Ramil-Rego P., Gómez-Orellana L. Vegetation of the Lago de Sanabria area (NW Iberia) since the end of the Pleistocene: a palaeoecological reconstruction on the basis of two new pollen sequences. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2004, 13:1-22.
75. Muñoz Sobrino C., Ramil-Rego P., Gómez-Orellana L., Díaz Varela R.A. Palynological data on major Holocene climatic events in NW Iberia. Boreas 2005, 34:381-400.
76. Parcero Oubiña C., Criado Boado F., Santos Estévez M. Rewriting landscape: incorporating sacred landscapes into cultural conditions. World Archaeol. 1998, 30:159-176.
77. Peña-Chocarro L., Zapata L., García Gazólaz J., González Morales M., Sesma J., Straus L.G. The spread of agriculture in northern Iberia: new archaeobotanical data from El Mirón cave (Cantabria) and the open-air site of Los Cascajos (Navarra). Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2005, 14:268-278.
78. Peña-Chocarro L., Zapata L., Iriarte M.J., González Morales J., Straus L.G. The oldest agriculture in northern Atlantic Spain: new evidence from El Mirón Cave (Ramales de la Victoria, Cantabria). J. Archaeol. Sci. 2005, 32:579-587.
79. Peteet D., Beck W., Ortiz J., O'Connell S., Kurdyla D., Mann D. Rapid vegetational and sediment change from Rano Aroi Crater, Easter Island. Easter Island 2003, 79. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. J.T. Tanacredi, J. Loret (Eds.).
80. Pontevedra-Pombal X., Nóvoa Muñoz J.C., García-Rodeja E., Martínez Cortizas A. Mountain mires from Galicia (NW Spain). Peatlands: Evolution, and Records of Environmental and Climate Changes 2006, Elsevier, Amsterdam. I.P. Martini, A. Martínez Cortizas, W. Chesworth (Eds.).
81. Prieto Martínez M.P. Caracterización del estilo cerámico de la Edad del Bronce en Galicia: cerámica campaniforme y cerámica no decorada. Complutum 1999, 10:71-90.
82. Prieto Martínez, M.P. Cerámica de la Prehistoria reciente en el Valle Medio del Lérez. In: Criado Boado, F., Martínez Cortizas, A. (Eds.), Arte Rupestre, Paleoambiente y Paisaje. Miradas Interdisciplinares sobre Campo Lameiro. Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA), in press.
83. Ramil Rego P., Aira Rodríguez M.J. Antropización y desarrollo agrícola en el N.O. peninsular, a partir de análisis polínicos y paleocarpológicos. Bot. Macaronés. 1996, 23:269-283.
84. Ramil-Rego P., Aira Rodríguez M.J. Estudio palinológico de la turbera de Pena Veira (Lugo). An. Jard. Bot. Madr. 1993, 51:111-122.
85. Ramil-Rego P., Rodríguez-Guitian M., Muñoz-Sobrino C. Sclerophyllous vegetation dynamics in the north of the Iberian peninsula during the last 16,000 years. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 1998, 7:335-351.
86. Rey García J.M., Infante Roura F., Rodríguez Puentes E., Tallón Nieto M.J. El parque arqueológico del arte rupestre 2004, RGPA cuadernos 3, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela.
87. Riera S., López-Sáez J.A., Julià R. Lake responses to historical land use changes in northern Spain: the contribution of non-pollen palynomorphs in a multiproxy study. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2006, 141:127-137.
88. Rius D., Vannière B., Galop D. Holocene history of fire, vegetation and land use from the central Pyrenees (France). Quat. Res. 2012, 77:54-64.
89. Sande Silva J. Pinhais e eucaliptais. A foresta cultivada 2007, Público, Comunicação, S.A. Fundação Luso-Americana para o desenvolvimento, Lisboa.
90. Santos Estévez M., Criado Boado Espacios rupestres: del panel al paisaje. Sep. Arqueol. Espec. 1998, 19-20:579-595.
91. Santos Estévez M., Criado Boado Deconstructing rock art spatial grammar in the Galician Bronze Age. BAR Int. Ser. 2000, vol. 902:111-121. G. Nash (Ed.).
92. Santos Estévez, M., Seoane Veiga, Y. Excavaciones en el entorno de los petroglifos. In: Criado Boado, F., Martínez Cortizas, A. (Eds.), Arte Rupestre, Paleoambiente y Paisaje. Miradas Interdisciplinares sobre Campo Lameiro. Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio (TAPA), in press.
93. Santos Estévez M. Sobre la cronología del arte rupestre atlántico en Galicia 2005, Arqueoweb 7:. http://www.ucm.es/info/arqueoweb.
94. Santos Estévez M. Petroglifos y paisaje social en la prehistoria reciente del noroeste de la península Ibérica. Traballos de Arqueoloxía e Patrimonio 2007, vol. 38. 216 pp.
95. Santos L., Vidal Romani J.R., Jalut G. History of vegetation during the Holocene in the Courel and Queixa Sierras, Galicia, northwest Iberian Peninsula. J. Quat. Sci. 2000, 15:621-632.
96. Schofield J.E., Edwards K.J. Grazing impacts and woodland management in Eriksfjord: Betula, coprophilous fungi and the Norse settlement of Greenland. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2011, 20:181-197.
97. Schweingruber F.H. Anatomie europäischer Hölzer 1990, HAUPT, Bern und Stuttgart, 800 pp.
98. Sugita S. Pollen representation of vegetation in quaternary sediments: theory and method in patchy vegetation. J. Ecol. 1994, 82:881-897.
99. van der Knaap W.O., van Leeuwen J.F.N. Holocene vegetation succession and degradation as responses to climatic change and human activity in the Serra de Estrela, Portugal. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1995, 89:153-211.
100. van Geel B., Bohncke S.J.P., Dee H. A palaeoecological study of an upper Late Glacial and Holocene sequence from " De Borchert" , The Netherlands. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1980/1981, 31:367-448.
101. van Geel B. A palaeoecological study of Holocene peat bog sections in Germany and the Netherlands, based on the analysis of pollen, spores and macro- and microscopic remains of fungi, algae, cormophytes and animals. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 1978, 25:1-120.
102. van Mourik J.M. Pollen Profiles of Slope Deposits in the Galician Area (N.W. Spain). KNAG-Nederlandse Geografische Studies 012 1986, Amsterdam.
103. Yeloff D., Charman D., van Geel B., Mauquoy D. Reconstruction of hydrology, vegetation and past climate change in bogs using fungal microfossils. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 2007, 146:102-145.
104. Zapata L., Peña-Chocarro L., Pérez-Jordá G., Stika H.-P. Early Neolithic agriculture in the Iberian Peninsula. J. World Prehist. 2004, 18:283-325.
105. Zapata L. Origen de la agricultura en el País Vasco y transformaciones en el paisaje: Análisis de restos vegetales arqueológicos 2002, Kobie Anejo 4, Diputación Foral de Bizkaia, Bilbao.