Incidental gallbladder cancer during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Managing an unexpected finding

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 18, Issue 30, 2012, Pages 4019-4027

  Cavallaro, Andrea ^a   Piccolo, Gaetano ^a   Panebianco, Vincenzo ^b   Lo Menzo, Emanuele ^c   Berretta, Massimiliano ^d   Zanghì, Antonio ^a   Di Vita, Maria ^a   Cappellani, Alessandro ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

^b Department of Surgery   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^d CENTRO DI RIFERIMENTO ONCOLOGICO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Hepatic resection; Incidental gallbladder cancer; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; Lymph nodes; Management; Outcome

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; CHOLECYSTECTOMY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GALLBLADDER CANCER; GALLBLADDER DISEASE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INCIDENTAL FINDING; LAPAROTOMY; LIVER RESECTION; LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MALE; MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW;

EID: 84871506335     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i30.4019     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Duffy A, Capanu M, Abou-Alfa GK, Huitzil D, Jarnagin W, Fong Y, D'Angelica M, Dematteo RP, Blumgart LH, O'Reilly EM. Gallbladder cancer (GBC): 10-year experience at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC). J Surg Oncol 2008; 98: 485-489
2. Shih SP, Schulick RD, Cameron JL, Lillemoe KD, Pitt HA, Choti MA, Campbell KA, Yeo CJ, Talamini MA. Gallbladder cancer: the role of laparoscopy and radical resection. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 893-901
3. Hueman MT, Vollmer CM, Pawlik TM. Evolving treatment strategies for gallbladder cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16: 2101-2115
4. Jensen EH, Abraham A, Habermann EB, Al-Refaie WB, Vickers SM, Virnig BA, Tuttle TM. A critical analysis of the surgical management of early-stage gallbladder cancer in the United States. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13: 722-727
5. Pawlik TM, Gleisner AL, Vigano L, Kooby DA, Bauer TW, Frilling A, Adams RB, Staley CA, Trindade EN, Schulick RD, Choti MA, Capussotti L. Incidence of finding residual disease for incidental gallbladder carcinoma: implications for re-resection. J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11: 1478-1486; discussion 1486-1487
6. Muratore A, Polastri R, Bouzari H, Vergara V, Capussotti L. Radical surgery for gallbladder cancer: a worthwhile operation? Eur J Surg Oncol 2000; 26: 160-163
7. Zhang WJ, Xu GF, Zou XP, Wang WB, Yu JC, Wu GZ, Lu CL. Incidental gallbladder carcinoma diagnosed during or after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg 2009; 33: 2651-2656
8. Choi SB, Han HJ, Kim CY, Kim WB, Song TJ, Suh SO, Kim YC, Choi SY. Incidental gallbladder cancer diagnosed following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg 2009; 33: 2657-2663
9. de Aretxabala XA, Roa IS, Mora JP, Orellana JJ, Riedeman JP, Burgos LA, Silva VP, Cuadra AJ, Wanebo HJ. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: its effect on the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer. World J Surg 2004; 28: 544-547
10. Shimizu H, Kimura F, Yoshidome H, Ohtsuka M, Kato A, Yoshitomi H, Nozawa S, Furukawa K, Mitsuhashi N, Takeuchi D, Suda K, Yoshioka I, Miyazaki M. Aggressive surgical approach for stage IV gallbladder carcinoma based on Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery classification. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007; 14: 358-365
11. Yagi H, Shimazu M, Kawachi S, Tanabe M, Aiura K, Wakabayashi G, Ueda M, Nakamura Y, Kitajima M. Retrospective analysis of outcome in 63 gallbladder carcinoma patients after radical resection. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2006; 13: 530-536
12. Cziupka K, Partecke LI, Mirow L, Heidecke CD, Emde C, Hoffmann W, Siewert U, Van den Berg N, von Bernstorff W, Stier A. Outcomes and prognostic factors in gallbladder cancer: a single-centre experience. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2012; 397: 899-907
13. Kayahara M, Nagakawa T, Nakagawara H, Kitagawa H, Ohta T. Prognostic factors for gallbladder cancer in Japan. Ann Surg 2008; 248: 807-814
14. Shukla PJ, Barreto SG, Arya S, Shrikhande SV, Hawaldar R, Purandare N, Rangarajan V. Does PET-CT scan have a role prior to radical re-resection for incidental gallbladder cancer? HPB (Oxford) 2008; 10: 439-445
15. Hu JB, Sun XN, Xu J, He C. Port site and distant metastases of gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy diagnosed by positron emission tomography. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14: 6428-6431
16. Araida T, Higuchi R, Hamano M, Kodera Y, Takeshita N, Ota T, Yoshikawa T, Yamamoto M, Takasaki K. Hepatic resection in 485 R0 pT2 and pT3 cases of adVanced carcinoma of the gallbladder: results of a Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery survey--a multicenter study. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2009; 16: 204-215
17. Pawlik TM, Choti MA. Biology dictates prognosis following resection of gallbladder carcinoma: sometimes less is more. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16: 787-788
18. Tsukada K, Kurosaki I, Uchida K, Shirai Y, Oohashi Y, Yokoyama N, Watanabe H, Hatakeyama K. Lymph node spread from carcinoma of the gallbladder. Cancer 1997; 80: 661-667
19. Varshney S, Butturini G, Gupta R. Incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder. Eur J Surg Oncol 2002; 28: 4-10
20. Shibata K, Uchida H, Iwaki K, Kai S, Ohta M, Kitano S. Lymphatic invasion: an important prognostic factor for stages T1b-T3 gallbladder cancer and an indication for additional radical resection of incidental gallbladder cancer. World J Surg 2009; 33: 1035-1041
21. Ito M, Mishima Y, Sato T. An anatomical study of the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder. Surg Radiol Anat 1991; 13: 89-104
22. Ogura Y, Mizumoto R, Isaji S, Kusuda T, Matsuda S, Tabata M. Radical operations for carcinoma of the gallbladder: present status in Japan. World J Surg 1991; 15: 337-343
23. Foster JM, Hoshi H, Gibbs JF, Iyer R, Javle M, Chu Q, Kuvshinoff B. Gallbladder cancer: Defining the indications for primary radical resection and radical re-resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14: 833-840
24. You DD, Lee HG, Paik KY, Heo JS, Choi SH, Choi DW. What is an adequate extent of resection for T1 gallbladder cancers? Ann Surg 2008; 247: 835-838
25. Liang JW, Dong SX, Zhou ZX, Tian YT, Zhao DB, Wang CF, Zhao P. Surgical management for carcinoma of the gallbladder: a single-institution experience in 25 years. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008; 121: 1900-1905
26. Jensen EH, Abraham A, Jarosek S, Habermann EB, Al-Refaie WB, Vickers SA, Virnig BA, Tuttle TM. Lymph node evaluation is associated with improved survival after surgery for early stage gallbladder cancer. Surgery 2009; 146: 706-711; discussion 711-713
27. Miyakawa S, Ishihara S, Horiguchi A, Takada T, Miyazaki M, Nagakawa T. Biliary tract cancer treatment: 5,584 results from the Biliary Tract Cancer Statistics Registry from 1998 to 2004 in Japan. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2009; 16: 1-7
28. Yoshida T, Matsumoto T, Sasaki A, Morii Y, Ishio T, Bandoh T, Kitano S. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of patients with gall bladder cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2000; 191: 158-163
29. Otero JC, Proske A, Vallilengua C, Luján M, Poletto L, Pezzotto SM, Fein L, Otero JR, Celoria G. Gallbladder cancer: surgical results after cholecystectomy in 25 patients with lamina propria invasion and 26 patients with muscular layer invasion. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2006; 13: 562-566
30. Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17: 1471-1474
31. Araida T, Higuchi R, Hamano M, Kodera Y, Takeshita N, Ota T, Yoshikawa T, Yamamoto M, Takasaki K. Should the extrahepatic bile duct be resected or preserved in R0 radical surgery for adVanced gallbladder carcinoma? Results of a Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery Survey: a multicenter study. Surg Today 2009; 39: 770-779
32. Fuks D, Regimbeau JM, Le Treut YP, Bachellier P, Raventos A, Pruvot FR, Chiche L, Farges O. Incidental gallbladder cancer by the AFC-GBC-2009 Study Group. World J Surg 2011; 35: 1887-1897
33. Higuchi R, Ota T, Araida T, Kobayashi M, Furukawa T, Yamamoto M. Prognostic releVance of ductal margins in operative resection of bile duct cancer. Surgery 2010; 148: 7-14
34. Kaneoka Y, Yamaguchi A, Isogai M, Harada T, Suzuki M. Hepatoduodenal ligament invasion by gallbladder carcinoma: histologic patterns and surgical recommendation. World J Surg 2003; 27: 260-265
35. Wakai T, Shirai Y, Tsuchiya Y, Nomura T, Akazawa K, Hatakeyama K. Combined major hepatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy for locally adVanced biliary carcinoma: long-term results. World J Surg 2008; 32: 1067-1074
36. Fong Y, Jarnagin W, Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer: comparison of patients presenting initially for definitive operation with those presenting after prior noncurative intervention. Ann Surg 2000; 232: 557-569
37. Wagholikar GD, Behari A, Krishnani N, Kumar A, Sikora SS, Saxena R, Kapoor VK. Early gallbladder cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2002; 194: 137-141
38. Fong Y, Brennan MF, Turnbull A, Colt DG, Blumgart LH. Gallbladder cancer discovered during laparoscopic surgery. Potential for iatrogenic tumor dissemination. Arch Surg 1993; 128: 1054-1056
39. Chijiiwa K, Kai M, Nagano M, Hiyoshi M, Ohuchida J, Kondo K. Outcome of radical surgery for stage IV gallbladder carcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2007; 14: 345-350
40. Drouard F, Delamarre J, Capron JP. Cutaneous seeding of gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1316
41. Jones DB, Dunnegan DL, Soper NJ. The influence of intraoperative gallbladder perforation on long-term outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 1995; 9: 977-980
42. Goetze T, Paolucci V. Does laparoscopy worsen the prognosis for incidental gallbladder cancer? Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 286-293
43. Z'Graggen K, Birrer S, Maurer CA, Wehrli H, Klaiber C, Baer HU. Incidence of port site recurrence after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for preoperatively unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma. Surgery 1998; 124: 831-838
44. Wu JS, Brasfield EB, Guo LW, Ruiz M, Connett JM, Philpott GW, Jones DB, Fleshman JW. Implantation of colon cancer at trocar sites is increased by low pressure pneumoperitoneum. Surgery 1997; 122: 1-7
45. Bouvy ND, Marquet RL, Jeekel J, Bonjer HJ. Laparoscopic surgery is associated with less tumour growth stimulation than conventional surgery: an experimental study. Br J Surg 1997; 84: 358-361
46. Lundberg O, Kristoffersson A. Port site metastases from gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results of a Swedish survey and review of published reports. Eur J Surg 1999; 165: 215-222
47. Paolucci V, Schaeff B, Schneider M, Gutt C. Tumor seeding following laparoscopy: international survey. World J Surg 1999; 23: 989-995; discussion 996-997
48. Paolucci V. Port site recurrences after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2001; 8: 535-543
49. Doudle M, King G, Thomas WM, Hewett P. The movement of mucosal cells of the gallbladder within the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 1996; 10: 1092-1094
50. Champault G, Taffinder N, Ziol M, Riskalla H, Catheline JM. Cells are present in the smoke created during laparoscopic surgery. Br J Surg 1997; 84: 993-995
51. Xiao WD, Peng CH, Zhou GW, Wu WD, Shen BY, Yan JQ, Yang WP, Li HW. Surgical treatment for Nevin stage IV and V gallbladder carcinoma: report of 70 cases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2005; 4: 589-592
52. Agarwal AK, Mandal S, Singh S, Sakhuja P, Puri S. Gallbladder cancer with duodenal infiltration: is it still resectable? J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11: 1722-1727
53. Shirai Y, Ohtani T, Tsukada K, Hatakeyama K. Combined pancreaticoduodenectomy and hepatectomy for patients with locally adVanced gallbladder carcinoma: long term results. Cancer 1997; 80: 1904-1909