Internet addiction of adolescents in China: Prevalence, predictors, and association with well-being

Addiction Research and Theory

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 62-69

  Wang, Ligang ^a   Luo, Jing ^a   Bai, Yu ^a   Kong, Jie ^b   Gao, Wenbin ^a   Sun, Xinying ^c  

^a INSTITUTE OF PSYCHOLOGY   (China)

^b BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^c PEKING UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (China)

Author keywords

Internet addiction; Predictor; Prevalence; Well being

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871413927     PISSN: 16066359     EISSN: 14767392     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/16066359.2012.690053     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Armstrong, L., Phillips, J.G., & Saling, L.L. (2000). Potential determinants of heavier internet usage. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 53, 537-550.
2. Brenner, V. (1997). Psychology of computer use: XLVII. Parameters of Internet use, abuse and addiction: The first 90 days of the Internet usage survey. Psychological Reports, 80, 879-882.
3. Cao, F., & Su, L. (2006). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: Prevalence and psychological features. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33, 275-281.
4. Caplan, S.E. (2003). Preference for online social interaction: A theory of problematic Internet use and psychosocial wellbeing. Communication Research, 30, 625-648. (Pubitemid 37434299)
5. Chan, P.A., & Rabinowitz, T. (2006). A cross-sectional analysis of video games and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adolescents. Annals of General Psychiatry, 5, 16.
6. Chen, S.H., & Chou, C. (1999, August). Development of Chinese Internet addiction scale in Taiwan. Poster presented at the meeting of the 107th American Psychology Annual convention. Boston, MA, USA.
7. Chen, Z., Yang, X., & Li, X. (2009). Psychometric features of CES-D in Chinese adolescents. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 17, 443-445.
8. Chien, C.P., & Cheng, T.A. (1985). Depression in Taiwan: Epidemiological survey utilizing CES-D. Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica, 87, 335-338.
9. Chou, C., Chou, J., & Tyan, N.N. (1999). An exploratory study of Internet addiction, usage and communication pleasure-the Taiwan's case. Internal Journal of Educational Telecomunications, 5, 47-64.
10. Chou, C., & Hsiao, M.C. (2000). Internet addiction, usage, gratification, and pleasure experience: The Taiwan college students' case. Computer and Education, 35, 65-80.
11. Gerra, G., Angioni, L., Zaimovic, A., Moi, G., Bussandri, M., Bertacca, S., . . . Nicoli, M.A. (2004). Substance use among high-school students: Relationships with temperament, personality traits, and parental care perception. Substance Use and Misuse, 39, 345-367. (Pubitemid 38365503)
12. Goldberg, I. (1995). Internet addictive disorder (IAD) diagnostic criteria. Retrieved from http://www.psycom.net/ iadcriteria.html
13. Griffiths, M.D. (2000). Does Internet and compute ''addiction'' exist? Some cases study evidence. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 3, 211-218.
14. Grohol, J. (1999). Internet addiction guide. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/netaddiction
15. Ha, J.H., Yoo, H.J., Cho, I.H., Chin, B., Shin, D., & Kim, J.H. (2006). Psychiatric comorbidity assessed in Korean children and adolescents who screen positive for Internet addiction. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 821-826. (Pubitemid 43946190)
16. Hua, J. (2006). Research of physical intervention on internet addiction disorder of junior middle school students (Published Doctoral dissertation, East China Normal University, Shanghai).
17. Iacovelli, A., & Valenti, S. (2009). Internet addiction's effect on likeability and rapport. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 439-443.
18. iResearch (2010). China children's netizens and online behavior research report. Retrieved from http://www.iresearch.com.cn/ Report/
19. Kandell, J.J. (1998). Internet addiction on campus: The vulnerability of college students. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 1, 11-17. (Pubitemid 128539318)
20. Kim, E.J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S.J. (2008). The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits. European Psychiatry, 23, 212-218.
21. Kim, K., Ryu, E., Chon, M.-Y., Yeun, E.-J., Choi, S.-Y., Seo, J.-S., & Nam, B.W. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43, 185-192. (Pubitemid 43120679)
22. Ko, C.H., Yen, J.Y., Chen, C.C., Chen, S.H., & Yen, C.F. (2007). Factors predictive for incidence and remission of Internet addiction in young adolescents: A prospective study. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10, 545-551.
23. Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53, 1017-1031. (Pubitemid 128461524)
24. Kuang, X., Cao, Y., & Dai, X. (2011). Meta-analysis of Internet addiction scales' reliability and validity. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19, 192-194.
25. Kubey, R.W., Lavin, M.J., & Barrows, J.R. (2001). Internet use and collegiate academic performance decrements: Early findings. Journal of Communication, 51, 366-382.
26. Lavin, M., Marvin, K., McLarney, A., Nola, V., & Scott, L. (1999). Sensation seeking and collegiate vulnerability to Internet dependence. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 2, 425-430. (Pubitemid 30020591)
27. Leary, M.R., & MacDonald, G. (2003). Individual differences in trait self-esteem: A theoretical integration. In M.R. Leary & J.P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 401-418). New York, NY: Guifford Press.
28. Lin, S.S.J., & Tsai, C.C. (2002). Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computer in Human Behavior, 18, 411-426. (Pubitemid 34295570)
29. MacDonald, G., & Leary, M.R. (2005). Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 202-223. (Pubitemid 40344542)
30. Mitchell, P. (2000). Internet addiction: Genuine diagnosis or not? The Lancet, 355, 632-635.
31. Morahan-Martin, J. (2005). Internet abuse: Addiction? Disorder? Symptom? Alternative explanations? Social Science Computer Review, 23, 39-48.
32. Morahan-Martin, J.M., & Schumacker, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use. Computer in Human Behavior, 16, 13-29.
33. Na, E., Park, S., & Kim, E. (2007). Media usage and adjustment of adolescents according to the types of Internet usage: Focusing on blog-type and game-type. Korean Journal of Mass Communication and Journalism, 51, 393-329.
34. Oh, W.O. (2003). Factors influencing internet addiction tendency among middle school students in Gyeong-buk area. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi, 33, 1135-1144.
35. O'Reilly, M. (1996). Internet addiction: A new disorder enters the medical lexicon. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 154, 1882-1883. (Pubitemid 26198677)
36. Park, S. (2009). Concentration of internet usage and its relation to exposure to negative content: Does the gender gap differ among adults and adolescents? Women's Studies International Forum, 32, 98-107.
37. Reeves, P.M. (2000). Coping in cyberspace: The impact of internet use on the ability of HIV-positive individuals to deal with their illness. Journal of Health Communication, 5, 47-59.
38. Rice, M. (2005). Online addiction. Beijing Review, 48, 32-33.
39. Scherer, K. (1997). College life online: Healthy and unhealthy Internet use. Journal of College Studies, 38, 655-665. (Pubitemid 127456114)
40. Shannon, C., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
41. Shepherd, R.M., & Edelmann, R.J. (2005). Reasons for internet use and social anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 949-958. (Pubitemid 41070259)
42. Soule, L.C., Shell, L.W., & Kleen, B.A. (2003). Exploring Internet addiction: Demographic characteristics and stereotypes of heavy internet users. The Journal of Computer Information Systems, 44, 64-73. (Pubitemid 37366697)
43. Sun, Q. (2007). Revision of self-esteem scale (Published Master thesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou).
44. Tao, R., Huang, X., Wang, J., Liu, C., Zhang, H., Xiao, L., & Yao, S. (2008). A proposed criterion for clinical diagnosis of internet addiction. Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 33, 1188-1191.
45. Valcke, M., Bonte, S., Wever, B.D., & Rots, I. (2010). Internet parenting styles and the impact on Internet use of primary school children. Computer and Education, 55, 454-464.
46. Vaughn, B.E., Kopp, C.B., & Krakow, J.B. (1984). The emergence and consolidation of self-control from eighteen to thirty months of age: Normative trends and individual differences. Child Development, 55, 990-1004.
47. Wu, H.R., & Zhu, K.J. (2004). Path analysis on related factors causing internet addiction disorder in college students. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 20, 1363-1364.
48. Yang, S.C., & Tung, C.J. (2007). Comparison of Internet addicts and non-addicts in Taiwanese high school. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 79-96. (Pubitemid 44278484)
49. Yoo, H.J., Cho, S.C., Ha, J., Yune, S.K., Kim, S.J., Hwang, J., . . . Lyoo, I.K. (2004). Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58, 487-494. (Pubitemid 39468791)
50. Young, K. (1996, August 15). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Paper presented at the 104th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford, Toronto, Canada.
51. Young, K.S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 1, 237-244. (Pubitemid 128540410)
52. Young, K.S. (1999). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation and treatment. In L. VandeCreek & T.L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (pp. 19-31). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
53. Young, K.S., & Rogers, R.C. (1998). The relationship between depression and Internet addiction. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 1, 25-28. (Pubitemid 128539320)
54. Yu, F., Guo, M., Chen, J., Huang, G., Xu, S., Wan, A., . . . Li, M. (2009). Epidemiological study and logistic analysis on internet addiction disorder among 3508 middle and college students. Modern Preventive Medicine, 36, 1675-1677.
55. Zhang, F., & Gao, W. (2010). Development and validation of Chinese Adolescent Lifestyles Scale. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 24, 515-519.
56. Zhu, J.H., & He, Z. (2002). Diffusion, use and impact of the Internet in Hong Kong: A chain process model. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 7(2), available online.