The Group Discussion Effect: Integrative Processes and Suggestions for Implementation

Personality and Social Psychology Review

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 56-71

  Meleady, Rose ^a   Hopthrow, Tim ^a   Crisp, Richard J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

communication; consensus; cooperation; group discussion; social dilemmas

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871399851     PISSN: 10888683     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1088868312456744     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Bales R. F.,Strodtbeck F. L.Phases of group problem-solving.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1951;46:485-495.
2. Balliet D.Communication and cooperation in social dilemmas: A meta-analytic review.Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2010;54:39-57.
3. BBC News. (2011, December12). Thames Water in drought warning. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-16137202.
4. Bicchieri C.The grammar of society: The nature and dynamics of social norms. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 2005:.
5. Bicchieri C.,Lev-On A.Computer-mediated communication and cooperation in social dilemmas: An experimental analysis.Politics, Philosophy & Economics. 2007;6:139-168.
6. Bornstein G.,Rapoport A.,Kerpel L.,Katz T.Within and between group communication in intergroup competition for public goods.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1989;25:422-436.
7. Bos N.,Olson J.,Gergle D.,Olson G.,Wright Z.The effect of four computer-mediated communications channels on trust development. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; 2002; 2002. 135.
8. Bouas K. S.,Komorita S. S.Group discussion and co-operation in social dilemmas.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1996;22:1144-1150.
9. Braver S. L.,Barnett B.Effects of modelling on cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma game.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1976;33:161-169.
10. Braver S. L.,Wilson L. A.Choice in social dilemmas: Effects of communication within subgroups.Journal of Conflict Resolution. 1986;30:51-62.
11. Brechner K. C.An experimental analysis of social traps.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1977;13:552-564.
12. Brosig J.,Ockenfels A.,Weimann J.The effect of communication media on cooperation.German Economic Review. 2003;4:217-241.
13. Caldwell M.Communication and sex effects in a five-person prisoner's dilemma game.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1976;33:273-280.
14. Caporael L. R.,Dawes R. M.,Orbell J. M.,van de,Kragt A. J. C.Selfishness examined: Cooperation in the absence of egoistic incentives.Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 1989;12:683-739.
15. Carroll J. S.The effect of imagining an event on expectations for the event: An interpretation in terms of the availability heuristic.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1978;14:88-96.
16. Chen X. P.The group-based binding pledge as a solution to public goods.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1996;66:192-202.
17. Chen X. P.,Komorita S. S.The effects of communication and commitment in a public goods social dilemma.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1994;60:367-386.
18. Cialdini R. B.Influence: The psychology of persuasion. NY: Quill; 1984:.
19. Crisp R. J.,Birtel M. D.,Meleady R.Mental simulations of social thought and action: Trivial tasks or tools for transforming social policy.Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2011;20:261-264.
20. Davis J. H.Group decision and social interaction: A theory of social decision schemes.Psychological Review. 1973;80:97-123.
21. Dawes R. M.Social dilemmas.Annual Review of Psychology. 1980;31:169-193.
22. Dawes R. M.,McTavish J.,Shaklee H.Behavior, communication, and assumptions about other people's behavior in a commons dilemma situation.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1977;35:1-11.
23. Dawes R. M.,Orbell J. M.,van de,Kragt A. J. C.Beyond self-interest. Mansbridge J. J., ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1990:97-110.
24. Deutsch M.Trust and suspicion.Journal of Conflict Resolution. 1958;2:265-279.
25. Deutsch M.Equity, equality, and need: What determines which value will be used as the basis for distributive justice?.Journal of Social Issues. 1975;31:137-149.
26. Fazio R. H.,Powell M. C.,Herr P. M.Toward a process model of the attitude-behavior relation: Assessing one's attitude upon mere observation of the attitude object.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1983;44:723-735.
27. Fisher B. A.Decision emergence: Phases of group decision-making.Speech Monographs. 1970;37:53-66.
28. Frohlich N.,Oppenheimer J.Some consequences of email vs. face-to-face communication in experiment.Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 1998;35:389-403.
29. Garcia S. M.,Weaver K.,Moskowitz G. B.,Darley J. M.Crowed minds: The implicit bystander effect.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;83:843-853.
30. Hardin G.The tragedy of the commons.Science. 1968;162:1243-1248.
31. Hinkle S.,Taylor L.,Fox-Cardamone D. L.,Crook K.Intragroup identification and intergroup differentiation: A multi-component approach.British Journal of Social Psychology. 1989;28:305-317.
32. Hopthrow T.,Abrams D.Group transformation: How demonstrability promotes intra-group cooperation in social dilemmas.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010;46:799-803.
33. Hopthrow T.,Hulbert L. G.The effect of group decision-making on cooperation in social dilemmas.Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 2005;8:89-100.
34. Isaac M. R.,Walker J. M.Communication and free-riding behavior: The voluntary contribution mechanism.Economic Inquiry. 1988;26:585-608.
35. Jensen C.,Farnham S. D.,Drucker S. M.,Kollock P.The effect of communication modality on cooperation in online environments. Proceedings of SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems; 2000; 2000. 470.
36. Jerdee T. H.,Rosen B.Effects of opportunity to communicate and visibility of individual decisions on behaviour in the common interest.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1974;59:712-716.
37. Joireman J. A.,van Lange P. A. M.,Van Vugt M.,Wood A.,Vander Leest T.,Lambert C.Structural solutions to social dilemmas: A field study on commuters' willingness to fund improvements in public transit.Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2001;31:504-526.
38. Kerr N. L.Social transition schemes: Charting the group's road to agreement.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1981;41:684-702.
39. Kerr N. L.European review of social psychology. Stroebe W.Hewstone M., ed. Chichester, England: Wiley; 1996:209-240.
40. Kerr N. L.Resolving social dilemmas. Foddy M.Smithson M.Schneider S.Hogg M. A., ed. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press; 1999:103-119.
41. Kerr N. L.,Rumble A. C.,Park E. S.,Parks C. D.,Ouwerkerk J. W.,Gallucci M.,Van Lange P. A. M."How many bad apples does it take to spoil the whole barrel?": Social exclusion and tolerance for bad apples.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2009;45:603-613.
42. Kerr N. L.,Garst J.,Lewandowski D. A.,Harris S. E.That still, small voice: Commitment to cooperate as an internalized versus social norm.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1997;23:1300-1311.
43. Kerr N. L.,Kaufman-Gilliland C. M.Communication, commitment, and co-operation in social dilemmas.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994;66:513-529.
44. Kerr N. L.,Park E. S.Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Group processes. Hogg M. A.Tindale R. S., ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell; 2001:107-138.
45. Komorita S. S.A model of the N-person dilemma-type game.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1976;12:357-373.
46. Komorita S. S.,Parks C. D.Interpersonal relations: Mixed-motive interaction.Annual Review of Psychology. 1995;46:183-207.
47. Kopelman S.,Weber M.,Messick D.The drama of the commons. Ostrom E.Ostrom E.Dietz T.Dolšak N.Stern P. C.Stonich S.Weber E.U., ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2002:113-156.
48. Kramer R. M.,Brewer M. B.Effects of group identity on resource use decisions in a simulated commons dilemma.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1984;46:1044-1057.
49. Laughlin P. R.Progress in Social Psychology. Fishbein M., ed. Hillsdale, NJ: LEA; 1980:127-155.
50. Laughlin P. R.,Ellis A. L.Demonstrability and social combination processes on mathematical intellective tasks.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1986;22:177-189.
51. Liebrand W. B. G.The effect of social motives, communication and group size on behavior in an N-person multi-stage mixed-motive game.European Journal of Social Psychology. 1984;14:239-264.
52. Messick D. M.,Brewer M. B.Review of personality and social psychology. Wheeler L.Shaver P., ed. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE; 1983:11-44.
53. Messick D. M.,McClelland C. L.Social traps and temporal traps.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1983;9:105-110.
54. Messick D. M.,Sentis K. P.Fairness and preference.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1979;15:418-434.
55. Orbell J.,van de,Kragt A.,Dawes R.Explaining discussion induced co-operation.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1988;54:811-819.
56. Orbell J.,van de,Kragt A.,Dawes R.Social norms and economic institutions. Kofford K. J.Miller J. B., ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 1991:117-134.
57. Ostrom E.Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 1990:.
58. Ostrom E.,Walker J. M.,Gardner R.Covenants with and without a sword: Self-governance is possible.American Political Science Review. 1992;86:404-417.
59. Parise S.,Kiesler S.,Sproull L.,Waters K.Proceedings of the 1996 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Olson G. M.Olson J. S.Ackerman M., ed. New York, NY: ACM Press; 1996:399-408.
60. Parks C. D.,Cowlin R.Group discussion as affected by the number of alternatives and by time limit.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1995;62:267-275.
61. Parks C. D.,Nelson N. L.Discussion and decision: The interrelationship between initial preference distribution and group discussion content.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1999;80:87-101.
62. Pettigrew T. F.Intergroup contact theory.Annual Review of Psychology. 1998;49:65-85.
63. Pettigrew T. F.,Tropp L. R.A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2006;90:751-783.
64. Pham L. B.,Taylor S. E.From thought to action; effects of process- versus outcome-based mental simulations on performance.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1999;25:250-260.
65. PiezonS. L.DonaldsonR. L. (2005). Online groups and social loafing: Understanding student-group interactions. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 8. Retrieved from http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/winter84/piezon84.htm.
66. Pruitt D. G.,Kimmel M. J.Twenty years of experimental gaming: Critique, synthesis, and suggestions for the future.Annual Review of Psychology. 1977;28:363-392.
67. Ross L. D.,Lepper M. R.,Strack F.,Steinmetz J.Social explanations and social expectations: Effects of real and hypothetical explanations on subjective likelihood.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1977;35:817-829.
68. Rutte C.,Wilke H.,Messick D. M.Scarcity and abundance caused by people or the environment as determinants of behavior in a resource dilemma.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1987;23:208-216.
69. Sally D.Conversation and cooperation in social dilemmas: A meta-analysis.Rationality and Society. 1995;7:58-92.
70. Samuelson C. D.,Messick D. M.Social dilemmas. Schroeder D., ed. New York, NY: Praeger; 1995:143-162.
71. Samuelson C. D.,Watrous-Rodriguez K.Social decision-making: Social dilemmas, social values, and ethical judgments. Kramer R. M.Bazerman M.Tenbrunsel A., ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2009:13-46.
72. Sherman S. J.,Zehner K. S.,Johnson J.,Hirt E. R.Social explanation: The role of timing, set, and recall on subjective likelihood estimates.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1983;44:1127-1143.
73. Stathi S.,Crisp R. J.Imagining intergroup contact promotes projection to out-groups.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2008;44:943-957.
74. Tajfel H.Human groups and social categories. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1981:.
75. Tajfel H.,Turner J. C.The social psychology of intergroup relations. Austin W. G.Worchel S., ed. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole; 1979:33-48.
76. Taylor S. E.,Pham L. B.,Rivkin I. D.,Armor D. A.Harnessing the imagination: Mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping.American Psychologist. 1998;53:429-439.
77. Tuckman B. W.Developmental sequence in small groups.Psychological Bulletin. 1965;63:384-399.
78. Turner J. C.Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behavior.European Journal of Social Psychology. 1975;5:5-34.
79. Turner R. N.,Crisp R. J.,Lambert E.Imagining intergroup contact can improve intergroup attitudes.Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. 2007;10:427-441.
80. Tyler T. R.,Degoey P.Collective restraint in social dilemmas: Procedural justice and social identification effects on support for authorities.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1995;69:482-497.
81. van de Kragt A.,Dawes R.,Orbell J.,Braver S.,Wilson L.Experimental social dilemmas. Wilke H.Messick D.Rutte C., ed. Frankfurt, Germany: Verlag Peter Lang; 1986:177-203.
82. Van Vugt M.Community identification moderating the impact of financial incentives in a natural social dilemma: Water conservation.Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin. 2001;27:1440-1449.
83. Voissem N. H.,Sistrunk F.Communication schedule and cooperative game behavior.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1971;19:160-167.
84. Waters N. L.,Hans V. P.A jury of one: Opinion formation, conformity, and dissent on juries.Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. 2009;6:513-540.
85. Wheelan S. A.Facilitating training groups: A guide to leadership and verbal intervention skills. New York, NY: Praeger; 1990:.
86. Wit A. P.,Wilke H. A. M.The presentation of rewards and punishments in a simulated social dilemma.Social Behavior. 1990;5:231-245.
87. Woodcock M.The team development manual. Aldershot, UK: Gower; 1979:.