메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 75, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 57-64

Validation of a Field Technique and Characterization of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Analysis in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Author keywords

ACTH; Chimpanzee; Circadian rhythm; Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites; Field methods; Parturition

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN; GLUCOCORTICOID;

EID: 84871387495     PISSN: 02752565     EISSN: 10982345     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22078     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (40)

References (62)
  • 3
    • 1842471305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid changes in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) urinary cortisol excretion
    • Anestis SF, Bribiescas RG. 2004. Rapid changes in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) urinary cortisol excretion. Horm Behav 45:209-213.
    • (2004) Horm Behav , vol.45 , pp. 209-213
    • Anestis, S.F.1    Bribiescas, R.G.2
  • 4
    • 0034089770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative aspects of the metabolism and excretion of cortisol in three individual nonhuman primates
    • Bahr NI, Palme R, Mohle U, Hodges JK, Heistermann M. 2000. Comparative aspects of the metabolism and excretion of cortisol in three individual nonhuman primates. Gen Comp Endocrinol 117:427-438.
    • (2000) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.117 , pp. 427-438
    • Bahr, N.I.1    Palme, R.2    Mohle, U.3    Hodges, J.K.4    Heistermann, M.5
  • 5
    • 53049097421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and altitudinal effects on glucocorticoid metabolites in a wild primate (Theropithecus gelada)
    • Beehner JC, McCann C. 2008. Seasonal and altitudinal effects on glucocorticoid metabolites in a wild primate (Theropithecus gelada). Physiol Behav 95:508-514.
    • (2008) Physiol Behav , vol.95 , pp. 508-514
    • Beehner, J.C.1    McCann, C.2
  • 6
    • 3242790881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modifications of a field method for fecal steroid analysis in baboons
    • Beehner JC, Whitten PL. 2004. Modifications of a field method for fecal steroid analysis in baboons. Physiol Behav 82:269-277.
    • (2004) Physiol Behav , vol.82 , pp. 269-277
    • Beehner, J.C.1    Whitten, P.L.2
  • 7
    • 63749129828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of giving birth on the cortisol level in a bonobo groups' (Pan paniscus) saliva
    • Behringer V, Clauss W, Hachenburger K, Kuchar A, Mostl E, Selzer D. 2009. Effect of giving birth on the cortisol level in a bonobo groups' (Pan paniscus) saliva. Primates 50:190-193.
    • (2009) Primates , vol.50 , pp. 190-193
    • Behringer, V.1    Clauss, W.2    Hachenburger, K.3    Kuchar, A.4    Mostl, E.5    Selzer, D.6
  • 8
  • 9
    • 0028093562 scopus 로고
    • Comparative aspects of steroid hormone metabolism and ovarian activity in felids, measured noninvasively in feces
    • Brown JL, Wasser SK, Wildt DE, Graham LH. 1994. Comparative aspects of steroid hormone metabolism and ovarian activity in felids, measured noninvasively in feces. Biol Reprod 51:776-786.
    • (1994) Biol Reprod , vol.51 , pp. 776-786
    • Brown, J.L.1    Wasser, S.K.2    Wildt, D.E.3    Graham, L.H.4
  • 10
    • 79960484718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and environmental factors affecting fecal glucocorticoids in wild, female white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
    • Carnegie SD, Fedigan LM, Ziegler TE. 2011. Social and environmental factors affecting fecal glucocorticoids in wild, female white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus). Am J Primatol 73:861-869.
    • (2011) Am J Primatol , vol.73 , pp. 861-869
    • Carnegie, S.D.1    Fedigan, L.M.2    Ziegler, T.E.3
  • 11
    • 37449021437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social stressors and coping mechanisms in wild female baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus)
    • Crockford C., Wittig RM, Whitten PL Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL. 2008. Social stressors and coping mechanisms in wild female baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus). Horm Behav 53:254-265.
    • (2008) Horm Behav , vol.53 , pp. 254-265
    • Crockford, C.1    Wittig, R.M.2    Whitten, P.L.3    Seyfarth, R.M.4    Cheney, D.L.5
  • 12
    • 33846929873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic stress in free-living European starlings reduces corticosterone concentrations and reproductive success
    • Cyr EN, Romero ML. 2007. Chronic stress in free-living European starlings reduces corticosterone concentrations and reproductive success. Gen Comp Endocrinol 151:82-89.
    • (2007) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.151 , pp. 82-89
    • Cyr, E.N.1    Romero, M.L.2
  • 13
    • 84996119335 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal urinary corticoid excretion in the human and gorilla
    • Czekala NM, Lance VA, Sutherland-Smith M. 1994. Diurnal urinary corticoid excretion in the human and gorilla. Am J Primatol 34:29-34.
    • (1994) Am J Primatol , vol.34 , pp. 29-34
    • Czekala, N.M.1    Lance, V.A.2    Sutherland-Smith, M.3
  • 14
    • 80054108214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does diet affect fecal steroid hormone metabolite concentrations? An experimental examination in red squirrels
    • Dantzer B, McAdam AG, Palme R, Boutin S, Boonstra R. 2011. How does diet affect fecal steroid hormone metabolite concentrations? An experimental examination in red squirrels. Gen Comp Endocrinol 174:124-131.
    • (2011) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.174 , pp. 124-131
    • Dantzer, B.1    McAdam, A.G.2    Palme, R.3    Boutin, S.4    Boonstra, R.5
  • 15
    • 77955267581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of social and energetic stress in wild female chimpanzees
    • Emery
    • Emery Thompson M, Muller MN, Kahlenberg SM, Wrangham RW. 2010. Dynamics of social and energetic stress in wild female chimpanzees. Horm Behav 58:440-449.
    • (2010) Horm Behav , vol.58 , pp. 440-449
    • Thompson, M.1    Muller, M.N.2    Kahlenberg, S.M.3    Wrangham, R.W.4
  • 17
    • 34248643435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of reproductive season and rank on fecal glucocorticoid levels in free-ranging male Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi)
    • Fichtel C, Kraus C, Ganswindt A, Heistermann M. 2007. Influence of reproductive season and rank on fecal glucocorticoid levels in free-ranging male Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi). Horm Behav 51:640-648.
    • (2007) Horm Behav , vol.51 , pp. 640-648
    • Fichtel, C.1    Kraus, C.2    Ganswindt, A.3    Heistermann, M.4
  • 18
    • 79960563418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social behavior, foraging strategies, and fecal glucocorticoids in female blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis): potential fitness benefits of high rank in a forest guenon
    • Foerster S, Cords M, Monfort SL. 2011. Social behavior, foraging strategies, and fecal glucocorticoids in female blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis): potential fitness benefits of high rank in a forest guenon. Am J Primatol 73:870-882.
    • (2011) Am J Primatol , vol.73 , pp. 870-882
    • Foerster, S.1    Cords, M.2    Monfort, S.L.3
  • 21
    • 0035824408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social, state-dependent and environmental modulation of faecal corticosteroid levels in free-ranging female spotted hyenas
    • Goymann W, East ML, Watcher B, Honer OP, Mostl E, Van't Holf TJ, Hofer H. 2001. Social, state-dependent and environmental modulation of faecal corticosteroid levels in free-ranging female spotted hyenas. Proc R Soc Ser B 268:2453-2459.
    • (2001) Proc R Soc Ser B , vol.268 , pp. 2453-2459
    • Goymann, W.1    East, M.L.2    Watcher, B.3    Honer, O.P.4    Mostl, E.5    Van't Holf, T.J.6    Hofer, H.7
  • 22
    • 79960479316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a cortisol enzyme immunoassay and characterization of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Heintz MR, Santymire RM, Parr LA, Lonsdorf EV. 2011. Validation of a cortisol enzyme immunoassay and characterization of salivary cortisol circadian rhythm in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am J Primatol 73:903-908.
    • (2011) Am J Primatol , vol.73 , pp. 903-908
    • Heintz, M.R.1    Santymire, R.M.2    Parr, L.A.3    Lonsdorf, E.V.4
  • 23
    • 33645357549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of different enzymeimmunoassays for assessment of adrenocortical activity in primates based on fecal analysis
    • Heistermann M, Palme R, Ganswindt A. 2006. Comparison of different enzymeimmunoassays for assessment of adrenocortical activity in primates based on fecal analysis. Am J Primatol 68:257-273.
    • (2006) Am J Primatol , vol.68 , pp. 257-273
    • Heistermann, M.1    Palme, R.2    Ganswindt, A.3
  • 24
    • 0032958458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal changes during parturition in heifers and goats are related to the phases and severity of labour
    • Hydbring E, Madej A, MacDonald E, Drugge-Boholm G, Berglund B, Olsson K. 1999. Hormonal changes during parturition in heifers and goats are related to the phases and severity of labour. J Endocrinol 160:75-85.
    • (1999) J Endocrinol , vol.160 , pp. 75-85
    • Hydbring, E.1    Madej, A.2    MacDonald, E.3    Drugge-Boholm, G.4    Berglund, B.5    Olsson, K.6
  • 25
    • 53549084046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immigration costs for female chimpanzees and male protection as an immigrant counterstrategy to intrasexual aggression
    • Kahlenberg SM, Thompson ME, Muller MN, Wrangham RW. 2008. Immigration costs for female chimpanzees and male protection as an immigrant counterstrategy to intrasexual aggression. Anim Behav 76:1497-1509.
    • (2008) Anim Behav , vol.76 , pp. 1497-1509
    • Kahlenberg, S.M.1    Thompson, M.E.2    Muller, M.N.3    Wrangham, R.W.4
  • 26
    • 0036392193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A matter of time: evaluating the storage of fecal samples for steroid analysis
    • Khan MZ, Altmann J, Isani SS, Yu J. 2002. A matter of time: evaluating the storage of fecal samples for steroid analysis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 128:57-64.
    • (2002) Gen Comp Endocrinol , vol.128 , pp. 57-64
    • Khan, M.Z.1    Altmann, J.2    Isani, S.S.3    Yu, J.4
  • 27
    • 79959345601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using fecal hormonal and behavioral analyses to evaluate the introduction of two sable antelope at Lincoln Park Zoo
    • Loeding E, Thomas J, Bernier D, Santymire R. 2011. Using fecal hormonal and behavioral analyses to evaluate the introduction of two sable antelope at Lincoln Park Zoo. J Appl Anim Welfare Sci 14:220-246.
    • (2011) J Appl Anim Welfare Sci , vol.14 , pp. 220-246
    • Loeding, E.1    Thomas, J.2    Bernier, D.3    Santymire, R.4
  • 28
    • 0036251979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and seasonal variation in fecal testosterone and cortisol levels of wild male tufted capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella nigritus
    • Lynch JW, Ziegler TE, Strier KB. 2002. Individual and seasonal variation in fecal testosterone and cortisol levels of wild male tufted capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella nigritus. Horm Behav 41:275-28.
    • (2002) Horm Behav , vol.41 , pp. 275-228
    • Lynch, J.W.1    Ziegler, T.E.2    Strier, K.B.3
  • 29
    • 27744474954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A validation of extraction methods for non-invasive sampling of glucocorticoids in free-living ground squirrels
    • Mateo JM, Cavigelli SA. 2005. A validation of extraction methods for non-invasive sampling of glucocorticoids in free-living ground squirrels. Physiol Biochem Zool 78:1069-1084.
    • (2005) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.78 , pp. 1069-1084
    • Mateo, J.M.1    Cavigelli, S.A.2
  • 30
    • 0038164801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of heat and chemical treatments on fecal glucocorticoid measurements: implications for sample transport
    • Millspaugh JJ, Washburn BE, Milanick MA, Slotow R, van Dyk G. 2003. Effects of heat and chemical treatments on fecal glucocorticoid measurements: implications for sample transport. Wildl Soc Bull 31:399-406.
    • (2003) Wildl Soc Bull , vol.31 , pp. 399-406
    • Millspaugh, J.J.1    Washburn, B.E.2    Milanick, M.A.3    Slotow, R.4    van Dyk, G.5
  • 31
    • 0042128737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in faeces of domestic livestock
    • Moestl E, Messman S, Bagu E, Robia C, Palme R. 1999. Measurement of glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in faeces of domestic livestock. J Am Vet Med Assoc 46:621-631.
    • (1999) J Am Vet Med Assoc , vol.46 , pp. 621-631
    • Moestl, E.1    Messman, S.2    Bagu, E.3    Robia, C.4    Palme, R.5
  • 33
    • 78649781757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The costs of dominance: testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees
    • Muehlenbein MP, Watts DP. 2010. The costs of dominance: testosterone, cortisol and intestinal parasites in wild male chimpanzees. BioPsychoSoc Med 4:1-12.
    • (2010) BioPsychoSoc Med , vol.4 , pp. 1-12
    • Muehlenbein, M.P.1    Watts, D.P.2
  • 35
    • 0041783065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal patterns of urinary steroid excretion in wild chimpanzees
    • Muller MN, Lipson SF. 2003. Diurnal patterns of urinary steroid excretion in wild chimpanzees. Am J Primatol 60:161-166.
    • (2003) Am J Primatol , vol.60 , pp. 161-166
    • Muller, M.N.1    Lipson, S.F.2
  • 36
    • 1142306050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominance, cortisol and stress in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
    • Muller MN, Wrangham RW. 2004. Dominance, cortisol and stress in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 55:332-340.
    • (2004) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.55 , pp. 332-340
    • Muller, M.N.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 37
    • 0345304228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plasma concentrations of vasopressin, oxytocin, cortisol and the prostaglandin F-2 alpha metabolite during labour in the dog
    • Olsson K, Bergstrom A, Kindahl H, Lagerstedt AS. 2003. Increased plasma concentrations of vasopressin, oxytocin, cortisol and the prostaglandin F-2 alpha metabolite during labour in the dog. Acta Physiol Scand 179:281-287.
    • (2003) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.179 , pp. 281-287
    • Olsson, K.1    Bergstrom, A.2    Kindahl, H.3    Lagerstedt, A.S.4
  • 38
    • 22144489480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress hormones in mammals and birds: comparative aspects regarding metabolism, excretion, and noninvasive measurement in fecal samples
    • Palme R, Rettenbacher S, Touma C, El-Bahr SM, Mostl E. 2005. Stress hormones in mammals and birds: comparative aspects regarding metabolism, excretion, and noninvasive measurement in fecal samples. Ann NY Acad Sci 1040:162-171.
    • (2005) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1040 , pp. 162-171
    • Palme, R.1    Rettenbacher, S.2    Touma, C.3    El-Bahr, S.M.4    Mostl, E.5
  • 39
    • 30844440097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive fecal hormone analysis and behavioral observations for monitoring stress responses in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
    • Peel AJ, Vogelnest L, Finnigan M, Grossfeldt L, O'Brien JK. 2005. Non-invasive fecal hormone analysis and behavioral observations for monitoring stress responses in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Zoo Biology 24:431-445.
    • (2005) Zoo Biology , vol.24 , pp. 431-445
    • Peel, A.J.1    Vogelnest, L.2    Finnigan, M.3    Grossfeldt, L.4    O'Brien, J.K.5
  • 40
    • 0002611958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of stress on animal reproductive activities. In: Baum PHM, editor. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Pottinger TG. 1999. The impact of stress on animal reproductive activities. In: Baum PHM, editor. Stress physiology in animals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p 130-177.
    • (1999) Stress physiology in animals , pp. 130-177
    • Pottinger, T.G.1
  • 41
    • 0035018166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morning and afternoon patterns of fecal cortisol excretion among reproductive and non-reproductive male and female common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus
    • Raminelli JLF, de Sousa MBC, Cunha MS, Barbosa MFV. 2001. Morning and afternoon patterns of fecal cortisol excretion among reproductive and non-reproductive male and female common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus. Biol Rhythm Res 32:159-167.
    • (2001) Biol Rhythm Res , vol.32 , pp. 159-167
    • Raminelli, J.L.F.1    de Sousa, M.B.C.2    Cunha, M.S.3    Barbosa, M.F.V.4
  • 42
    • 0028031484 scopus 로고
    • Influences of environmental demand on maternal behavior and infant development
    • Rosenblum LA, Andrews MW. 1994. Influences of environmental demand on maternal behavior and infant development. Acta Paediatr Suppl 397:57-63.
    • (1994) Acta Paediatr Suppl , vol.397 , pp. 57-63
    • Rosenblum, L.A.1    Andrews, M.W.2
  • 43
    • 77954595603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a field-friendly technique for fecal steroid extraction and storage using the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
    • Santymire RM, Armstrong DM. 2010. Development of a field-friendly technique for fecal steroid extraction and storage using the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). Zoo Biol 29:289-302.
    • (2010) Zoo Biol , vol.29 , pp. 289-302
    • Santymire, R.M.1    Armstrong, D.M.2
  • 44
    • 84871375087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using ACTH challenges to validate techniques for adrenocortical activity analysis in various African wildlife species
    • Santymire RM, Freeman EW, Lonsdorf EV, Heintz MR, Armstrong DM. 2012. Using ACTH challenges to validate techniques for adrenocortical activity analysis in various African wildlife species. Int J Anim Vet Adv 4:99-108.
    • (2012) Int J Anim Vet Adv , vol.4 , pp. 99-108
    • Santymire, R.M.1    Freeman, E.W.2    Lonsdorf, E.V.3    Heintz, M.R.4    Armstrong, D.M.5
  • 45
    • 0012294674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrinology of the stress-response
    • Becker JB, Breedlove SM, Crews D, McCarthy MM, editors. Cambridge: MIT Press
    • Sapolsky RM. 2002. Endocrinology of the stress-response. In: Becker JB, Breedlove SM, Crews D, McCarthy MM, editors. Behavioral endocrinology. Cambridge: MIT Press. p 409-450.
    • (2002) Behavioral endocrinology , pp. 409-450
    • Sapolsky, R.M.1
  • 46
    • 52449103775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of age on fecal steroid hormone levels in male Budongo Forest chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
    • Seraphin SB, Whitten PL, Reynolds V. 2008. The influence of age on fecal steroid hormone levels in male Budongo Forest chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Am J Primatol 70:661-669.
    • (2008) Am J Primatol , vol.70 , pp. 661-669
    • Seraphin, S.B.1    Whitten, P.L.2    Reynolds, V.3
  • 47
    • 78349311679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress, social behaviour, and secondary sexual traits in a male primate
    • Setchell JM, Smith T, Wickings EJ, Knapp LA. 2010. Stress, social behaviour, and secondary sexual traits in a male primate. Horm Behav 58:720-728.
    • (2010) Horm Behav , vol.58 , pp. 720-728
    • Setchell, J.M.1    Smith, T.2    Wickings, E.J.3    Knapp, L.A.4
  • 48
    • 68149181442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitive hare: sublethal effects of predator stress on reproduction in snowshoe hares
    • Sheriff MJ, Krebs CJ, Boonstra R. 2009. The sensitive hare: sublethal effects of predator stress on reproduction in snowshoe hares. J Anim Ecol 78:1249-1258.
    • (2009) J Anim Ecol , vol.78 , pp. 1249-1258
    • Sheriff, M.J.1    Krebs, C.J.2    Boonstra, R.3
  • 49
    • 69349100510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social stress, visceral obesity, and coronary artery atherosclerosis: product of primate adaptation
    • Shively CA, Register TC, Clarkson TB. 2009. Social stress, visceral obesity, and coronary artery atherosclerosis: product of primate adaptation. Am J Primatol 71:742-751.
    • (2009) Am J Primatol , vol.71 , pp. 742-751
    • Shively, C.A.1    Register, T.C.2    Clarkson, T.B.3
  • 51
    • 0031670918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variation on the excretion patterns of fecal steroids in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) females
    • Sousa MBC, Ziegler TE. 1998. Diurnal variation on the excretion patterns of fecal steroids in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) females. Am J Primatol 46:105-117.
    • (1998) Am J Primatol , vol.46 , pp. 105-117
    • Sousa, M.B.C.1    Ziegler, T.E.2
  • 52
    • 0036296530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of different drying and storage methods on quantifiable concentrations of fecal steroids in the cheetah
    • Terio KA, Brown JL, Moreland R, Munson L. 2002. Comparison of different drying and storage methods on quantifiable concentrations of fecal steroids in the cheetah. Zoo Biol 21:215-222.
    • (2002) Zoo Biol , vol.21 , pp. 215-222
    • Terio, K.A.1    Brown, J.L.2    Moreland, R.3    Munson, L.4
  • 53
    • 23744506897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in mammals and birds: the importance of validation
    • Touma C, Palme R. 2005. Measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in mammals and birds: the importance of validation. Ann NY Acad Sci 1046: 54-74.
    • (2005) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1046 , pp. 54-74
    • Touma, C.1    Palme, R.2
  • 55
    • 84871362407 scopus 로고
    • Rapid extraction of faecal steroids for measuring reproductive cyclicity and early pregnancy in free-ranging yellow baboons (Papio cynocephaluscynocephalus)
    • Wasser SK, Monfort SL, Wildt DE. 1991. Rapid extraction of faecal steroids for measuring reproductive cyclicity and early pregnancy in free-ranging yellow baboons (Papio cynocephaluscynocephalus). J Reprod Fertil 48:1290-1298.
    • (1991) J Reprod Fertil , vol.48 , pp. 1290-1298
    • Wasser, S.K.1    Monfort, S.L.2    Wildt, D.E.3
  • 56
    • 0024120851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excreted steroids in primate feces over the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
    • Wasser SK, Risler L, Steiner RA. 1998. Excreted steroids in primate feces over the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Biol Reprod 39:862-872.
    • (1998) Biol Reprod , vol.39 , pp. 862-872
    • Wasser, S.K.1    Risler, L.2    Steiner, R.A.3
  • 58
    • 1842472067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal cortisol levels in free-ranging female chacma baboons: relationship to dominance, reproductive state and environmental factors
    • Weingrill T, Gray DA, Barrett L, Henzi SP. 2004. Fecal cortisol levels in free-ranging female chacma baboons: relationship to dominance, reproductive state and environmental factors. Horm Behav 45:259-269.
    • (2004) Horm Behav , vol.45 , pp. 259-269
    • Weingrill, T.1    Gray, D.A.2    Barrett, L.3    Henzi, S.P.4
  • 59
    • 0031984709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of fecal cortisol to stress in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Whitten PL, Stavisky R, Aureli F, Russel E. 1998. Response of fecal cortisol to stress in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am J Primatol 44:57-69.
    • (1998) Am J Primatol , vol.44 , pp. 57-69
    • Whitten, P.L.1    Stavisky, R.2    Aureli, F.3    Russel, E.4
  • 60
    • 47049113220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying fecal endocrine monitoring to conservation and behavior studies of wild mammals: important considerations and preliminary tests
    • Wielebnowski N, Watters J. 2007. Applying fecal endocrine monitoring to conservation and behavior studies of wild mammals: important considerations and preliminary tests. Isr J Ecol Evol 53:439-460.
    • (2007) Isr J Ecol Evol , vol.53 , pp. 439-460
    • Wielebnowski, N.1    Watters, J.2
  • 62
    • 27744520151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal steroid research in the field and laboratory: improved methods for storage, transport, processing, and analysis
    • Ziegler TE, Wittwer DJ. 2005. Fecal steroid research in the field and laboratory: improved methods for storage, transport, processing, and analysis. Am J Primatol 67:159-174.
    • (2005) Am J Primatol , vol.67 , pp. 159-174
    • Ziegler, T.E.1    Wittwer, D.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.