Morality subcultures and media production: How hollywood minds the morals of its audience

Media and the Moral Mind

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 75-92

  Mastro, Dana ^a   Enriquez, Marisa ^a   Bowman, Nicholas David ^b   Prabhu, Sujay ^c   Tamborini, Ron ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871020154     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203127070     Document Type: Chapter

References (76)

1. Aaron, M. (2004). New queer cinema: A critical reader. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
2. Abrams, J. (2010). Asian American television activity: Is it related to group vitality? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 541-550. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2010.08.002
3. Abrams, J., & Giles, H. (2007). Ethnic identity gratifications selection and avoidance by African Americans: A group vitality and social identity perspective. Media Psychology, 9, 115-134. doi: 10.1080/15213260709336805
4. Altheide, D.L. (2004). Consuming terrorism. Symbolic Interaction, 27, 289-308. doi: 10.1525/si.2004.27.3.289
5. Bantz, C. (1982). Exploring uses and gratifications: A comparison of reported uses of television and reported uses of favorite program type. Communication Research, 9, 352-379. doi: 10.1177/009365082009003002
6. Billings, A. C. (2008). Olympic media: Inside the biggest show on television. New York, NY: Routledge.
7. Bowman, N. D., Dogruel, L., & Joeckel, S. (2011, May). Binding Americans and separating Germans: The influence of moral salience and nationality on media choices. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Boston.
8. Box Office Mojo (2011). Passion of the Christ box office numbers. Retrieved from http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=passionofthechrist.htm
9. Carrithers, M. (1991). Narrativity: Mind-reading and making societies. In Andrew Whiten (Ed.), Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development and simulation of everyday mindreading (pp. 317-331). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
10. Clemons, E. (2008). How information changes consumer behavior and how consumer behavior determines corporate strategy. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25, 13-40. doi: 10.2753/MIS0742-1222250202
11. Contreras, J. (2004, March 22). TwoAmericas? A massive wave ofHispanic immigration is raising questions about identity and integration. Newsweek, pp. 42-45.
12. Conway, J. C., & Rubin, A.M. (1991). Psychological predictors of television viewing motivation. Communication Research, 18, 443-463. doi: 10.1177/009365091018004001
13. Cushman, F., Young, L., & Hauser, M. (2006). The role of conscious reasoning and intuition in moral judgment: Testing three principles of harm. Psychological Science, 17, 1082-1089. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01834.x
14. Devitt, A. J. (2004). Writing genres. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
15. Eden, A., & Tamborini, R. (2010, June). Moral intuitions: Morality subcultures in disposition formation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Singapore.
16. Eickelman, D. F., & Anderson, J. (1999). New media in the Muslim world: The emerging public sphere. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
17. Fletcher, D. (2009, July 29). Hipsters. Time. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/\time/arts/article/0,8599,1913220,00.html
18. Forman, H. J. (1935). Our movie-made children. New York, NY: Macmillan.
19. Freud, S. (2008). Wit and its relation to the unconscious (A. A. Brill, trans.) Stilwell, KS: Digireads.com Publishing. (Original work published 1905.)
20. Gans, H. J. (1957). The creator-audience relationship in mass media: An analysis of movie making. In B. Rosenberg & D. M. White (Eds.), Mass culture: The popular arts in America (pp. 315-324). New York, NY: Free Press.
21. Gans, H. J. (1966). Popular culture in America: Social problem in a mass society or social asset in a pluralistic society? In H. S. Becker (Ed.), Social problems: A modern approach (pp. 549-620). New York, NY: Wiley.
22. Gans, H. J. (1974). Popular culture and high culture: An analysis of evaluation and taste. New York, NY: Basic.
23. Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1029-1046. doi: 10.1037/a0015141
24. Haidt, J., & Graham, J. (2007). When morality opposes justice: Conservatives have moral intuitions that liberals may not recognize. Social Justice Research, 20, 98-116. doi: 10.1007/s11211-007-0034-z
25. Haidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2004). Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues. Daedalus: Special Issue on Human Nature, 133(4), 55-66. doi: 10.1162/0011526042365555
26. Haidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2007). The moral mind: How five sets of innate intuitions guide the development of many culture-specific virtues, and perhaps even modules. In P. Carruthers, S. Laurence,& S. Stich (Eds.),The innate mind (Vol. 3, pp. 367-391). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
27. Harwood, J. (1999). Age identification, social identity gratifications, and television viewing. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 43, 123-136. doi: 10.1080/08838159909364479
28. Harwood, J., & Roy, A. (2005). Social identity theory and mass communication research. In J. Harwood & H. Giles (Eds.), Intergroup communication (pp. 189-211). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
29. Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30. Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K.S. (2007). Red media, blue media: evidence of ideological selectivity in media use. Journal of Communication, 59, 19-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x
31. Johnson, L. L. (2011, June 30). Producers hope faith-based movie surge continues. Associated Press. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=13964927
32. Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974). Ulilization of mass communication by the individual. In J. G. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research (pp. 19-32). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
33. Klapper, J. T. (1960). The effects of mass communication. New York, NY: Free Press.
34. Knobloch, S., & Zillmann, D. (2002). Mood management via the digital jukebox. Journal of Communication, 52, 351-366. doi: 10.1093/joc/52.2.351
35. Ksiazek, B. T., & Webster, G. J. (2008). Cultural proximity and audience behavior: The role of language in patterns of polarization and multicultural influence. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 485-503. doi: 10.1080/08838150802205876
36. Lachlan, K., & Tamborini, R. (2008). The effect of perpetrator motive and dispositional attributes on enjoyment of television violence and attitudes toward victims. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 136-152. doi: 10.1080/08838150701820965
37. Laster, K. (2000). The drama of the courtroom. Sydney, Australia: The Federation Press.
38. Lorentzen, C. (2007). Why the hipster must die. Time Out. Retrieved from http://newyork.timeout.com/things-to-do/this-week-in-new-york/8355/why-the-hipster-must-die
39. Mailer, N. (1970). The white negro. San Francisco: City Light Books.
40. McQuail, D. (1997). Audience analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41. Mastro, D., Enriquez, M., Lewis, R. J., Gizzard, M., Bowman, N. D., Prabhu, S., & Tamborini, R. (2011). A content analytic examination of morality displays in Spanish and English-language television programming. Unpublished raw data. University of Arizona.
42. Maynard, R. (2000, June 16). The birth and demise of the “Blaxploitation” genre. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jun/16/entertainment/ca-41409
43. Mitchell, J. (1999). Visually speaking: Radio and the renaissance of preaching. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
44. Mundorf, N., Jennings, B., & Brownell, W. (1997). Aging and infotainment technologies: Cross-cultural perspectives. In H. S. Noor Al-Deen (Ed.), Cross-cultural communication and aging in the United States. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
45. Oliver, M. B., Sargent, S. L., & Weaver, J. B. (1997). The impact of sex and gender\ role self-perception on affective reactions to different types of film. Sex Roles, 38(1-2), 45-62.
46. Plevin, J. (2008). Who’s a hipster? Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/julia-plevin/whos-a-hipster_b_117383.html
47. Raney, A. A., & Bryant, J. (2002). Moral judgment and crime drama: An integrated theory of enjoyment. Journal of Communication, 52, 402-415. doi: 10.1093/joc/52.2.402
48. Rich, B. R. (1992). New queer cinema. Sight & Sound, 2(5), 30-35.
49. Roberts, C. L. (2003). Attitudes and media use of the moral majority. Journal of Broadcasting, 27, 403-410. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jbem27&div=48&g_sent=1&collection=journals
50. Rubin, A. M. (1983). Television uses and gratifications: The interactions of viewing patterns and motivations. Journal of Broadcasting, 27, 37-52. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jbem27&div=10&g_sent=1&collection=journals
51. Rubin, A. M.,&Perse, E. M. (1987). Audience activity and television news gratifications. Communication Research, 14, 58-84. doi: 10.1177/009365087014001004
52. Singer, T., Seymour B., O’ Doherty, J. P., Stephan, K. E., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Empathic neural responses are modulated by the perceived fairness of others. Nature, 439, 466-469. doi: 10.1038/nature04271
53. Shweder, R. A., Much, N. C., Mahapatra, M., & Park, L. (1997). The “big three” of morality (autonomy, community, and divinity), and the “big three” explanations of suffering. In A. Brandt & P. Rozin (Eds.), Morality and health (pp. 119-169). New York, NY: Routledge.
54. Slater,M. (2007). Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence ofmedia selectivity andmedia effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity. Communication Theory, 17, 281-303. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00296.x
55. Stam, R. (2000). Film theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
56. Stosuy, B. (2005). Heavy metal: It’s alive and flourishing. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/id/2124692/
57. Straubhaar, J. D. (1991). Beyond media imperialism: Asymmetrical interdependence and cultural proximity. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8, 39-59. doi:10.1080/15295039109366779
58. Straubhaar, J. D. (2003). Choosing national TV: Cultural capital, language, and cultural proximity in Brazil. In M. G. Elasmar (Ed.), The impact of international television: A paradigm shift (pp. 77-110). Mahwah, NJ: LEA.
59. Szabo, E. E. (2007). The clash of American civilizations: The US and the Latino Peril. Americana, 3(1). Retrieved from http://americanaejournal.hu/vol3no1/szabo
60. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
61. Tamborini, R. (2011). Moral intuition and media entertainment. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 23, 39-45. doi: 10.1027/1864-1105/a000031
62. Tamborini, R., Bowman, N. D., Eden, A., Grizzard, M., & Organ, A. (2010). Defining media enjoyment as the satisfaction of intrinsic needs. Journal of Communication, 60, 758-777. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01513.x
63. Tamborini, R., Eden, A., Bowman, N. D., Grizzard, M., & Lachlan, K. (2012). The influence of morality subcultures on the acceptance and appeal of violence. Journal of Communication, 61, 1025-1042.
64. Tamborini, R., Eden, A., Bowman, N. D., Grizzard, M.,&Weber, R. (2009, November). Predicting media appeal from instinctive moral values. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL.
65. Tamborini, R., Enriquez, M., Lewis, R. J., Gizzard, M., & Mastro, D. (2011, May). A content analysis ofmoral foundations presented in Spanish and English language soap operas. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Boston.
66. Tamborini, R., Grizzard, M., Eden. A., & Lewis, R. J. (2011, November). Priming intuitive morality: The effect of heroes and villains on immediate affective response to moral stimuli. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association, New Orleans, LA.
67. Vidmar, N., & Rockeach, M. (1974). Archie Bunker’s bigotry: A study in selective perception and exposure. Journal of Communication, 24, 36-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1974.tb00353.x
68. Vincent, R. C., & Basil, M.D. (1997). College students’ news gratifications, media use, and current events knowledge. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 380-392. Retrieved from http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jbem41&div=34&g_sent=1&collection=journals#390
69. Vinson, D. E., Scott, J. E., & Lamont, L. M. (1977). The role of personal values in marketing consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing, 41, 44-50. doi: 10.2307/1250633
70. Weber, R., Tamborini, R., Lee, H. E., & Stipp, H. (2008). Soap opera exposure and enjoyment: A longitudinal test of disposition theory. Media Psychology, 11, 462-487. doi: 10.1080/15213260802509993
71. Wertham, F. (1954). Seduction of the innocent. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
72. Zillmann, D. (2000). Basal morality in drama appreciation. In I. Bondebjerg (Ed.), Moving images, culture and the mind (pp. 53-63). Luton, UK: University of Luton Press.
73. Zillmann, D., & Bryant, J. (1975). Viewer’s moral sanction of retribution in the appreciation of dramatic presentations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 11, 572-582. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(75)90008-6
74. Zillmann, D., & Bryant, J. (1980). Misattribution theory of tendentious humor. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 16(2), 146-160.
75. Zillmann, D., & Bryant, J. (1985). Selective exposure to communication, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
76. Zillmann, D.,&Cantor, J. R. (1977). Affective responses to the emotions of a protagonist. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 155-165. doi: 10.1016/S0022-1031(77)80008-5