Mid-infrared frequency comb based on a quantum cascade laser

Nature

Volumn 492, Issue 7428, 2012, Pages 229-233

  Hugi, Andreas ^a   Villares, Gustavo ^a   Blaser, Stéphane ^b   Liu, H C ^c   Faist, Jérôme ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b Alpes Lasers SA   (Switzerland)

^c SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; LASER; METEOROLOGY; QUANTUM MECHANICS; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; WAVELENGTH;

ARTICLE; LASER; MID INFRARED FREQUENCY COMB; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTUM MECHANICS; RADIOFREQUENCY; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 84870984872     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature11620     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Udem, T., Holzwarth, R. & Hänsch, T. W. Optical frequency metrology. Nature 416, 233-237 (2002).
2. Keilmann, F., Gohle, C. & Holzwarth, R. Time-domain mid-infrared frequencycomb spectrometer. Opt. Lett. 29, 1542-1544 (2004).
3. Adler, F. et al. Phase-stabilized, 1.5Wfrequency combat 2.8-4.8 mm. Opt. Lett. 34, 1330-1332 (2009).
4. Johnson, T. A. & Diddams, S. A. Mid-infrared upconversion spectroscopy based on a Yb:fiber femtosecond laser. Appl. Phys. B 107, 31-39 (2012).
5. Foltynowicz, A., Ban, T., Maslowski, P., Adler, F. & Ye, J. Quantum-noise-limited optical frequency comb spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 233002 (2011).
6. Adler, F., Thorpe, M. J., Cossel, K. C.&Ye, J. Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy: technology and applications. Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 3, 175-205 (2010).
7. Vodopyanov, K. L., Sorokin, E., Sorokina, I. T.&Schunemann, P. G. Mid-IRfrequency comb source spanning 4.4-5.4 mm based on subharmonic GaAs optical parametric oscillator. Opt. Lett. 36, 2275-2277 (2011).
8. Del'Haye, P. et al. Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator. Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007).
9. Wang, C. Y. et al. Mid-infrared optical frequency combs based on crystalline microresonators. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.2716 (2011).
10. Kippenberg, T. J., Holzwarth, R. & Diddams, S. A. Microresonator-based optical frequency combs. Science 332, 555-559 (2011).
11. Faist, J. et al. Quantum cascade laser. Science 264, 553-556 (1994).
12. Derickson, D. J. et al. Short pulse generation using multisegment mode-locked semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 2186-2202 (1992).
13. Wang, C. Y. et al. Mode-locked pulses from mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers. Opt. Express 17, 12929-12943 (2009).
14. Faist, J. et al. Laser action by tuning the oscillator strength. Nature 387, 777-782 (1997).
15. Barbieri, S. et al. Coherent sampling of active mode-locked terahertz quantum cascade lasers and frequency synthesis. Nature Photon. 5, 306-313 (2011).
16. Del'Haye, P., Arcizet, O., Schliesser, A., Holzwarth, R. & Kippenberg, T. Full stabilization of a microresonator-based optical frequency comb. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053903 (2008).
17. Ferdous, F. et al. Spectral line-by-line pulse shaping of on-chip microresonator frequency combs. Nature Photon. 5, 770-776 (2011).
18. Gordon, A. et al. Multimode regimes in quantum cascade lasers: from coherent instabilities to spatial hole burning. Phys. Rev. A 77, 053804 (2008).
19. Yamada, M. Theoretical analysis of nonlinear optical phenomena taking into account the beating vibration of the electron density in semiconductor lasers. J. Appl. Phys. 66, 81-89 (1989).
20. Walrod, D., Auyang, S. Y., Wolff, P. A. & Sugimoto, M. Observation of third order optical nonlinearity due to intersubband transitions in AlGaAs/GaAs superlattices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 2932-2934 (1991).
21. Rosencher, E. et al. Quantum engineering of optical nonlinearities. Science 271, 168-173 (1996).
22. Banerjee, S. & Shore, K. A. MIR and NIR nonlinear optical processing using intersubband x(3) in triple quantum well structures. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 18, 655-660 (2003).
23. Parz, W. et al. Intersubband gain-induced dispersion. Opt. Lett. 34, 208-210 (2009).
24. Grant, P. D., Dudek, R., Buchanan, M. & Liu, H. C. Room-temperature heterodyne detection up to 110GHz with a quantum-well infrared photodetector. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18, 2218-2220 (2006).
25. Aellen, T. et al. Directmeasurement of the linewidth enhancement factor by optical heterodyning of anamplitude-modulated quantumcascade laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 091121 (2006).
26. Soibel, A. et al. Active mode locking of broadband quantum cascade lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 844-851 (2004).
27. Telle, H. et al. Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation. Appl. Phys. B 69, 327-332 (1999).
28. Braje, D., Hollberg, L. & Diddams, S. Brillouin-enhanced hyperparametric generation of an optical frequency comb in a monolithic highly nonlinear fiber cavity pumped by a cw laser. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 193902 (2009).
29. Herr, T. et al. Universal formation dynamics and noise of Kerr-frequency combs in microresonators. Nature Photon. 6, 480-487 (2012).
30. Terazzi, R.& Faist, J. A densitymatrixmodel of transport and radiation in quantum cascade lasers. N. J. Phys. 12, 033045 (2010).