Universal formation dynamics and noise of Kerr-frequency combs in microresonators

Nature Photonics

Volumn 6, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 480-487

  Herr, T ^a   Hartinger, K ^a,b   Riemensberger, J ^a   Wang, C Y ^a,c   Gavartin, E ^a   Holzwarth, R ^b,c   Gorodetsky, M L ^d   Kippenberg, T J ^a,c  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

^b MENLO SYSTEMS GMBH   (Germany)

^c MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR QUANTENOPTIK   (Germany)

^d MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863497209     PISSN: 17494885     EISSN: 17494893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.127     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Holzwarth, R. et al. Optical frequency synthesizer for precision spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2264-2267 (2000).
2. Jones, D. J. et al. Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis. Science 288, 635-639 (2000).
3. Udem, T., Holzwarth, R. & Hänsch, T. W. Optical frequency metrology. Nature 416, 233-237 (2002).
4. Cundiff, S. T. & Ye, J. Colloquium: Femtosecond optical frequency combs. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325-342 (2003).
5. Newbury, N. R. Searching for applications with a fine-tooth comb. Nature Photon. 5, 186-188 (2011).
6. Del'Haye, P. et al. Optical frequency comb generation from a monolithic microresonator. Nature 450, 1214-1217 (2007).
7. Kippenberg, T. J., Holzwarth, R. & Diddams, S. A. Microresonator-based optical frequency combs. Science 332, 555-559 (2011).
8. Murphy, M. T. et al. High-precision wavelength calibration of astronomical spectrographs with laser frequency combs. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 380, 839-847 (2007).
9. Steinmetz, T. et al. Laser frequency combs for astronomical observations. Science 321, 1335-1337 (2008).
10. Li, C. H. et al. A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s21. Nature 452, 610-612 (2008).
11. Diddams, S. A., Hollberg, L. & Mbele, V. Molecular fingerprinting with the resolved modes of a femtosecond laser frequency comb. Nature 445, 627-630 (2007).
12. Jiang, Z., Huang, C. B., Leaird, D. E. &Weiner, A. M. Optical arbitrary waveform processing of more than 100 spectral comb lines. Nature Photon. 1, 463-467 (2007).
13. Ferdous, F. et al. Spectral line-by-line pulse shaping of an on-chip microresonator frequency comb. Nature Photon. 5, 770-776 (2011).
14. Savchenkov, A. A. et al. Tunable optical frequency comb with a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 093902 (2008).
15. Grudinin, I. S., Yu, N. & Maleki, L. Generation of optical frequency combs with a CaF2 resonator. Opt. Lett. 34, 878-880 (2009).
16. Herr, T. et al. in Proc. Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference paper QTuF1 (Optical Society of America, 2011).
17. Liang, W. et al. Generation of near-infrared frequency combs from a MgF2 whispering gallery mode resonator. Opt. Lett. 36, 2290-2292 (2011).
18. Wang, C. Y. et al. Mid-infrared optical frequency combs based on crystalline microresonators. Preprint at http://arXiv.org/abs/1109.2716 (2011).
19. Agha, I. H., Okawachi, Y., Foster, M. A., Sharping, J. E. & Gaeta, A. L. Fourwave- mixing parametric oscillations in dispersion-compensated high-Q silica microspheres. Phys. Rev. A 76, 043837 (2007).
20. Razzari, L. et al. CMOS-compatible integrated optical hyper-parametric oscillator. Nature Photon. 4, 41-45 (2010).
21. Levy, J. S. et al. CMOS-compatible multiple-wavelength oscillator for on-chip optical interconnects. Nature Photon. 4, 37-40 (2010).
22. Foster, M. A. et al. Silicon-based monolithic optical frequency comb source. Opt. Express 19, 14233-14239 (2011).
23. Braje, D., Hollberg, L. & Diddams, S. Brillouin-enhanced hyperparametric generation of an optical frequency comb in a monolithic highly nonlinear fiber cavity pumped by a CW laser. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 193902 (2009).
24. Del'Haye, P., Arcizet, O., Schliesser, A., Holzwarth, R. & Kippenberg, T. J. Full stabilization of a microresonator-based optical frequency comb. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 053903 (2008).
25. Del'Haye, P. et al. Octave spanning tunable frequency comb from a microresonator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 063901 (2011).
26. Okawachi, Y. et al. Octave-spanning frequency comb generation in a silicon nitride chip. Opt. Lett. 36, 3398-3400 (2011).
27. Savchenkov, A. A. et al. Kerr combs with selectable central frequency. Nature Photon. 5, 293-296 (2011).
28. Chembo, Y. K., Strekalov, D. V. & Yu, N. Spectrum and dynamics of optical frequency combs generated with monolithic whispering gallery mode resonators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103902 (2010).
29. Chembo, Y. K. & Yu, N. Modal expansion approach to optical frequency combs generation with monolithic whispering gallery mode resonators. Phys. Rev. A 82, 033801 (2010).
30. Papp, S. B. & Diddams, S. A. Spectral and temporal characterization of a fusedquartz-microresonator optical frequency comb. Phys. Rev. A 84, 053833 (2011).
31. Carmon, T., Yang, L. & Vahala, K. J. Dynamical thermal behavior and thermal self-stability of microcavities. Opt. Express 12, 4742-4750 (2004).
32. Kippenberg, T. J., Spillane, S. M. & Vahala, K. J. Kerr-nonlinearity optical parametric oscillation in an ultrahigh-Q toroid microcavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 083904 (2004).
33. Braginsky, V. B., Gorodetsky, M. L. & Vyatchanin, S. P. Thermodynamical fluctuations and photo-thermal shot noise in gravitational wave antennae. Phys. Lett. A 264, 1-10 (1999).
34. Gorodetsky, M. L. & Grudinin, I. S. Fundamental thermal fluctuations in microspheres. J. Opt. Sloc. Am. B 21, 697-705 (2004).
35. Matsko, A. B., Savchenkov, A. A., Yu, N. & Maleki, L. Whispering-gallery-mode resonators as frequency references. i. fundamental limitations. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 1324-1335 (2007).
36. Rokhsari, H., Kippenberg, T. J., Carmon, T. & Vahala, K. J. Radiation-pressuredriven micro-mechanical oscillator. Opt. Express 13, 5293-5301 (2005).
37. Ma, R. et al. Radiation-pressure-driven vibrational modes in ultrahigh-Q silica microspheres. Opt. Lett. 32, 2200-2202 (2007).
38. Savchenkov, A. A., Matsko, A. B., Ilchenko, V. S., Seidel, D. & Maleki, L. Surface acoustic wave opto-mechanical oscillator and frequency comb generator. Opt. Lett. 36, 3338-3340 (2011).
39. Fomin, A. E., Gorodetsky, M. L., Grudinin, I. S. & Ilchenko, V. S. Nonstationary nonlinear effects in optical microspheres. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 459-465 (2005).
40. Del'Haye, P., Arcizet, O., Gorodetsky, M. L., Holzwarth, R. & Kippenberg, T. J. Frequency comb assisted diode laser spectroscopy for measurement of microcavity dispersion. Nature Photon. 3, 529-533 (2009).
41. Hofer, J., Schliesser, A. & Kippenberg, T. J. Cavity optomechanics with ultrahigh-Q crystalline microresonators. Phys. Rev. A 82, 031804 (2010).
42. Bahl, G., Zehnpfennig, J., Tomes, M. & Carmon, T. Stimulated optomechanical excitation of surface acoustic waves in a microdevice. Nature Commun. 2, 403 (2011).
43. Carmon, T., Cross, M. C. & Vahala, K. J. Chaotic quivering of micron-scaled on-chip resonators excited by centrifugal optical pressure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 167203 (2007).
44. Savchenkov, A. A., Rubiola, E., Matsko, A. B., Ilchenko, V. S. & Maleki, L. Phase noise of whispering gallery photonic hyper-parametric microwave oscillators. Opt. Express 16, 4130-4144 (2008).
45. Agha, I. H., Okawachi, Y. & Gaeta, A. L. Theoretical and experimental investigation of broadband cascaded four-wave mixing in high-Q microspheres. Opt. Express 17, 16209-16215 (2009).
46. Arcizet, O., Schliesser, A., Del'Haye, P., Holzwarth, R. & Kippenberg, T. J. in Practical Applications of Microresonators in Optics and Photonics, Ch. 11, 483-506 (CRC Press, 2009).
47. Matsko, A. B., Savchenkov, A. A., Strekalov, D., Ilchenko, V. S. & Maleki, L. Optical hyperparametric oscillations in a whispering-gallery-mode resonator: Threshold and phase diffusion. Phys. Rev. A 71, 033804 (2005).
48. Liang, W. et al. Whispering-gallery-mode-resonator-based ultranarrow linewidth external-cavity semiconductor laser. Opt. Lett. 35, 2822-2824 (2010).
49. Carmon, T. et al. Static envelope patterns in composite resonances generated by level crossing in optical toroidal microcavities. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 103905 (2008).
50. Matsko, A. B. et al. Optical Kerr frequency comb generation in overmoded resonators. Preprint at http://ArXiv.org/abs/1201.1959 (2012).