Structural controls and timing of fault-hosted manganese at Woodie Woodie, East Pilbara, Western Australia

Ore Geology Reviews

Volumn 50, Issue , 2013, Pages 52-82

  Jones, Sarah ^a   McNaughton, Neal J ^b   Grguric, Ben ^c,d  

^a Group Metallurgist   (Australia)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c Mineralium Pty Ltd   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

East Pilbara; Fault hosted manganese; Manganese geochemistry; Pb isotopes; Structural controls; Woodie Woodie

Indexed keywords

BASIN FORMATION; CRYPTOMELANE; FAULT ZONE; FLUID CONDUITS; FLUID INCLUSION; GROWTH FAULT; HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; MANGANESE ORE; NEOARCHEAN; NORMAL FAULTS; ORDER STRUCTURE; ORE BODIES; PALEOPROTEROZOIC; PB-ISOTOPES; PILBARA; QUARTZ CRYSTAL; SEDIMENTARY UNITS; STRUCTURAL CONTROL; STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORKS; SUPERGENE; TRAPPING TEMPERATURE; WESTERN AUSTRALIA; WOODIE WOODIE;

ISOTOPES; LEAD; MANGANESE COMPOUNDS; MANGANESE DEPOSITS; MINERALOGY; ORES; QUARTZ; ROCKS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SODIUM CHLORIDE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; TRANSFORM FAULTS;

MANGANESE;

BASIN EVOLUTION; FLUID INCLUSION; GEOCHEMISTRY; GROWTH FAULT; LEAD ISOTOPE; MANGANESE; MINERALIZATION; ORE BODY; OVERPRINTING; PARAGENESIS; RIFTING; SALINITY; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; SUPERGENE PROCESS; TRANSFORM FAULT; UNCONFORMITY;

AUSTRALIA; PILBARA; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

EID: 84870936213     PISSN: 01691368     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.10.002     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Arndt N.T., Nelson D.R., Compston W., Trendall A.F., Thorne A.M. The age of the Fortescue Group, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia, from ion microprobe zircon U-Pb results. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 1991, 38:261-281.
2. Bagas L. Zircon provenance in the basal part of the northwestern Officer Basin, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia Annual Review, 2002-2003 2003, 43-52.
3. Bagas L. Proterozoic evolution and tectonic setting of the northwest Paterson Orogen, Western Australia. Precambrian Res. 2004, 128:475-496.
4. Bagas L., Grey K., Williams I.R. Reappraisal of the Paterson Orogen and Savory Basin: Western Australia Geological Survey, Annual Review 1994-95 1995, 55-63.
5. Blake T.S. Late Archaean crustal extension, sedimentary basin formation, flood basalt volcanism and continental rifting: the Nullagine and Mount Jope Supersequences, Western Australia. Precambrian Res. 1993, 60:185-241.
6. Blake, T.S., 2004. Notes on the Balfour South Prospect. Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals Ltd.
7. Blake, T.S., 2008. Report on iron and manganese mineralisation in the East Pilbara, Western Australia. Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals Ltd., 248p.
8. Blake T.S., McNaughton N.J. A geochronological framework for the Pilbara region. Archaean and Proterozoic Basins of the Pillbara, Western Australia - Evolution and Mineralization Potential 1984, Geological Department and University Extension, University of Western Australia, (Publication 9). J.R. Muhling, D.E. Groves, T.S. Blake (Eds.).
9. Blake T.S., Buick R., Brown S.J.A., Barley M.E. Geochronology of a Late Archaean flood basalt province in the Pilbara Craton: constraints on basin evolution, volcanic and sedimentary accumulation, and continental drift rates. Precambrian Res. 2004, 133:143-173.
10. Blake T.S., Rothery E., Muhling J.R., Drake-Brockman J.A.P., Sprigg L.C., Ho S.E., Rasmussen B., Fletcher I.R. Two episodes of regional-scale Precambrian hydrothermal alteration in the eastern Pilbara, Western Australia. Precambrian Res. 2011, 188:73-103.
11. Blockley J.G. Pilbara manganese province. Economic Geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea. Aust. Inst. Min. Metall. Monogr. 1975, 5:1019-1020.
12. Cannon W.F., Force E.R. Potential for high-grade shallow marine manganese deposits in North America. Soc. Min. Eng. 1983, 175-189. W.C. Shanks (Ed.).
13. Cawood P.A., Tyler I.M. Assembling and reactivating the Proterozoic Capricorn Orogen: lithotectonic elements, orogenies, and significance. Precambrian Res. 2004, 128:201-218.
14. Chris Blain Associates, 2001. High grade manganese in the Woodie Woodie area of Western Australia; development of exploration models and new techniques. Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals Ltd, 36p.
15. Conly A.G., Scott S.D., Bellon H. Metalliferous manganese oxide mineralization associated with the Boleo Cu-Co-Zn District, Mexico. Econ. Geol. 2011, 106:1173-1196.
16. Cowan, J., 2000. Structure of the Eastern Pilbara Manganese Deposits, SRK Consulting. Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals Ltd, 40p.
17. 39Ar dating of cryptomelane-hollandite from regolith, Western and Northern Australia. Australian National University Research School of Earth Sciences, Annual Report 1994 1994, 130-132.
18. Daniels J.L. Bangemall Basin, in the geology of Western Australia. Geol. Surv. West. Aust.,Mem. 1975, 2:147-159.
19. de la Hunty L.E. The geology of the manganese deposits of Western Australia. Bull. Geol. Surv. W. Aust. 1963, 116.
20. de Laeter J.R., Blockley J.G. Granite ages within the Pilbara Block, Western Australia. Proc. Aust. Inst. Min. Metall. 1972, 19:363-370.
21. de Vries S.T., Pryer L.L., Fry N. Evolution of Neoarchaean and Proterozoic Basins of Australia. Precambrian Res. 2008, 166:39-53.
22. Denholm L.S. Investigation of the ferruginous manganese deposit at Ripon Hills, Pilbara Manganese Province, Western Australia. Proc. Aust. Inst. Min. Metall. 1977, 264:9-17.
23. Ehrlich S., Harlavan Y., Bar-Matthews M., Halicz L. Lead and uranium isotopic behavior in diagenetic and epigenetic manganese nodules, Timna Basin, Israel, determined by MC-ICP-MS. Appl. Geochem. 2004, 19:1927-1936.
24. Goode A.D.T. Proterozoic geology of Western Australia. Precambrian of the Southern Hemisphere 1981, 105-193. Elsevier, New York. D.R. Hunter (Ed.).
25. Goode A.D.T., Hall W.D.M. The middle Proterozoic Eastern Bangemall Basin, Western Australia. Precambrian Res. 1981, 16:11-29.
26. Grey K., Hocking R.M., Stevens M.K., Bagas L., Carlsen G.M., Irimies F., Pirajno F., Haines P.W., Apak S.N. Lithostratigraphic nomenclature of the Officer Basin and correlative parts of the Paterson Orogen, Western Australia. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Report 93 2005.
27. Gromet L.P., Dymek R.F., Haskin L.A., Korotev R.L. The "North American Shale Composite": its compilation, major and trace element characteristics. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:2469-2482.
28. Gutzmer J., Beukes N.J. Mineral paragenesis of the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Ore Geol. Rev. 1996, 11:405-425.
29. Hein J.R., Koschinsky A., Halbach P., Manheim F.T., Bau M., Kang J.K., Lubick N. Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 1997, 119:123-138. K. Nicholson, J.R. Hein, B. Buhn, S. Dasgupta (Eds.).
30. Hein J.R., Schulz M.S., Dunham R.E., Stern R.J., Bloomer S.H. Diffuse flow hydrothermal manganese mineralization along the active Mariana and southern Izu-Bonin arc system, western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113. (B08S). 10.1029/2007JB005432.
31. Hickman, A.H., 1978. Nullagine, W.A. (2nd Edition). Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:250 000 Geological Series Explanatory Notes.
32. Hickman A.H. Geology of the Pilbara Block and its environs. Bull. Geol. Surv. W. Aust. 1983, 127. (268pp.).
33. Hickman A.H., Smithies R.H., Tyler I.M. Evolution of active plate margins: West Pilbara Superterrane, De Grey Superbasin, and the Fortescue and Hamersley Basins - a field guide. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2010/3 2010, (82p).
34. Ho, S.E., 2002. Reconnaissance microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions from the Woodie Woodie area (Report 2). Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals. Ltd.
35. Jahn B.M., Simonson B.M. Carbonate Pb-Pb ages of the Wittensoom Formation and Carawine Dolomite, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia (with implications for the correlation with the Transvaal Dolomite of South Africa). Precambrian Res. 1995, 72:247-261.
36. Johnson S.P., Sheppard S., Thorne A.M., Rasmussen B., Fletcher I.R., Wingate M.T.D., Cutten H.N. The role of the 1280-1250Ma Mutherbukin Tectonic Event in shaping the crustal architecture and mineralization history of the Capricorn Orogen. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2011/2 2011, 3p.
37. Jones S.A. Proterozoic deformation in the East Pilbara and tectonic setting of fault-hosted manganese at Woodie Woodie mine. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 2011, 58:639-673.
38. Jones S.A., McNaughton N.J. Archean metal sources of Mesoproterozoic Mn deposits, Woodie Woodie, East Pilbara. Abstracts of the 5th International Archean Symposium, Perth 2010, 309-312.
39. Lonsdale P., Burns V.M., Fisk M. Nodules of hydrothermal birnessite in the caldera of a young seamount. J. Geol. 1980, 88:611-618.
40. MacLeod W.N., de la Hunty L.E., Jones W.R., Halligan R. A preliminary report on the Hamersley Iron Province, Northwest Division. Geological Survey of Western Australia Annual Report 1962 1963, 44-54.
41. Martin D.M., Thorne A.M. Tectonic setting and basin evolution of the Bangemall Supergroup in the northwestern Capricorn Orogen. Precambrian Res. 2004, 128:385-409.
42. Maynard J.B. The chemistry of manganese oxides through time: a signal of increasing diversity of earth-surface environments. Econ. Geol. 2010, 105:535-552.
43. McClay K.R. Structural Geology Workshop, Tectonics, Structure and Ore Deposits, CODES Short Course Manual, 1 2000.
44. Morris P.A., Pirajno F. Mesoproterozoic sill complexes in the Bangemall Supergroup Western Australia: geology, geochemistry, and mineralisation potential. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Report 99 2005.
45. 39Ar dating of copper wad and supergene alunite. Econ. Geol. 2000, 96(2):351-366.
46. Muhling, J., 2003. Report on mineralogy of lead-bearing samples of Woodie Woodie manganese ore. Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals Ltd, 12p.
47. Muhling P.C., Brakel A.T. Geology of the Bangemall Group - the evolution of an intracratonic Proterozoic Basin. Bull. Geol. Surv. W. Aust. 1985, 128.
48. Nicholson K. Contrasting mineralogical-geochemical signatures of manganese oxides: Guides to metallogenesis. Econ. Geol. 1992, 87:1253-1264.
49. Noldart A.J., Wyatt J.D. The geology of portion of Pilbara Goldfield covering the Marble Bar and Nullagine 4-mile map sheets. Bull. Geol. Surv. West. Aust. 1962, 115.
50. Nyame F.K. Petrography and geochemistry of intraclastic manganese-carbonates from the 2.2 Ga Nsuta deposit of Ghana: significance for manganese sedimentation in the Paleoproterozoic of West Africa. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 2008, 50:133-147.
51. Offenburg, A.C., 1996. Exploration and prospectivity of the Woodie Woodie manganese district, WA. Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals Ltd.
52. Ostwald J. Manganese oxide mineralogy, petrography and genesis, Pilbara Manganese Group, Western Australia. Miner. Deposita 1993, 28:198-209.
53. Pracejus B., Bolton B.R., Frakes L.A. Nature and development of supergene manganese deposits, Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, Australia. Ore Geol. Rev. 1988, 4(1-2):71-98.
54. Rasmussen B., Blake T.S., Fletcher I.R. U-Pb zircon age constraints on the Hamersley spherule beds: evidence for a single 2.63Ga Jeerinah-Carawine impact ejecta layer. Geol. 2005, 33:725-728.
55. Rasmussen B., Fletcher I.R., Muhling J.R., Thorne W.S., Broadbent G.C. Prolonged history of episodic fluid flow in giant hematite ore bodies: evidence from in situ U-Pb geochronology of hydrothermal xenotime. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 258:249-259.
56. Rona P.A. Criteria for recognition of hydrothermal mineral deposits in oceanic crust. Econ. Geol. 1978, 73:135-160.
57. Rose A.W., Hawkes H.E., Webb J.S. Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration 1979, Academic Press, London, (657pp.).
58. Russell, R., 1994. Structural geology of the manganese deposits in the Eastern Oakover Syncline, East Pilbara, Western Australia. Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals Ltd., 74p.
59. Schwann, P.B., 1996. The geology and grade control at the Woodie Woodie Operations, Oakover River basin. Unpublished report for Consolidated Minerals Ltd.
60. Sheppard S., Rasmussen B., Muhling J.R., Farrell T.R., Fletcher I.R. Grenvillian-aged orogenesis in the Palaeoproterozoic Gascoyne Complex, Western Australia: 1030-950Ma reworking of the Proterozoic Capricorn Orogen. J. Met. Geol. 2007, 25:477-494.
61. Simonson B.M., Schubel K.A., Hassler S.W. Carbonate sedimentology of the early Precambrian Hamersley Group of Western Australia. Precambrian Res. 1993, 60:287-335.
62. Smith R.E., Perdrix J.L., Parks T.C. Burial metamorphism in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. J. Petrol. 1982, 23:75-102.
63. Sprigg, L., 2006. Structural controls on manganese mineralisation within the Woodie Woodie central leases. Part 1: review and expansion on existing structural data. Unpublished report by Consolidated Minerals Ltd, 49p.
64. Stacey J.S., Kramers J.D. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1975, 26:207-221.
65. Stevens, R.E., 1993. Poseidon Exploration Ltd, Wandanya E46/235, for the period 7 May 1991 to 6 May 1993, Nullagine Sheet SF51-5 East Pilbara. Unpublished report by Poseidon Exploration Ltd, Report 5714, WAMEX Item No. 8642, A38527.
66. oS. Bull. Geol. Surv. West. Aust. 1920, 83.
67. Thorne A.M., Trendall A.F. Geology of the Fortescue Group, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Bull. Geol. Surv. West. Aust. 2001, 144. (249pp.).
68. Trendall A.F. The Hamersley Basin. Iron Formations - Facts and Problems 1983, 69-129. Elsevier, Amsterdam. A.F. Trendall, R.C. Morris (Eds.).
69. Trendall A.F. Hamersley Basin. In geology and mineral resources of Western Australia. Geol. Surv. West. Aust. Mem. 1990, 3:163-190.
70. Van Kranendonk M.J., Hickman A.H., Smithies R.H., Williams I.R., Bagas L., Farrell T.R. Revised lithostratigraphy of the Archean supracrustal and intrusive rocks in the northern Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Western Australia Geological Survey, Record 2006/15 2006.
71. Veizer J., Clayton R.N., Hinton R.W., Von Brunn V., Mason T.R., Buck S.G., Hoefs J. Geochemistry of Precambrian carbonates: 3-shelf seas and non-marine environments of the Archean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1990, 54:2717-2729.
72. Wernicke R.S., Lippolt H.J. (U+Th)-He evidence of Jurassic continuous hydrothermal activity in the Schwarzwald basement, Germany. Chem. Geol. 1997, 138(3-4):273-285.
73. Williams, I.R., 1989. Balfour Downs. Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:250000 Geological Series Explanatory Notes.
74. Williams I.R. Bangemall Basin. In geology and mineral resources of Western Australia. Geol. Surv. West. Aust. Mem. 1990, 3:308-329.
75. Williams, I.R. and Bagas, L., 1999. Geology of the Throssell 1:100 000 sheet: Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:100 000 Geological Series Explanatory Notes.
76. Williams, I.R., and Trendall, 1998. Geology of the Braeside 1:100 000 sheet: Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:100 000 geological series explanatory notes, 39p.
77. Wingate, M.T.D., 2002. Age and palaeomagmatism of dolerite sills intruded into the Bangemall Supergroup on the Edmund 1:250 000 map sheet, Western Australia. Western Australia Geological Survey, Record 4/2002.
78. Wingate M.T.D., Pirajno F., Morris P.A. Warakurna large igneous province: a new Mesoproterozoic large igneous province in west-central Australia. Geol. 2004, 32:105-108.
79. Woodhead J.D., Hergt J.M., Simonson B.W. Isotopic dating of an Archean bolide impact horizon, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. Geol. 1998, 26:47-50.
80. Zartman R.E., Doe B.R. Plumbotectonics - the model. Tectonophysics 1981, 75:135-162.