Modelling Pension Systems

Modelling Pension Systems

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-236

  Simonovits, András ^a  

^a Hungarian Academy of Sciences   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84870928179     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1057/9781403938459     Document Type: Book

References (256)

1. AARON, H. J. (1966): The Social Insurance Paradox, Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 32 371-374.
2. ABEL, A., ed, (1980): Collected Papers of Franco Modigham, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
3. AKERLOF, G. (1970): The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism, Quarterly Journal of Economics 89 488-500.
4. ALIER, M.-VITTAS, D. (2001): Personal Pension Plans and Stock- Market Volatility, Ifolzmann-Stiglitz, eds. 391-423.
5. AMON, ZS.-BUDAVARI, P.-HAMZA, L,- HARASZTI, K,-MARKUS, A. (2002): The First Four Years of the Pension Reform. Model Computations and Facts (in Hungarian), Kozgazdasdgi Szcmle 49 518-527.
6. ANDERSON, M.-TULJAPURKAR, S. LI, N. (2001): How Accurate are Demographic Projections Used in Forecasting Pension Expenditures' ?, Boeri et at, eds., (2001b) 9-28.
7. ANDO, A. -Modiguani, F. (1963): The 'Life Cycle' Hypothesis of Saving: Aggregate Implications and Tests, American Economic liemew 53 55 84.
8. ANTAL, K. RETJ, J.-Toldi, M. (1995): Loss of Value and Distortions in the Hungarian Pension System, Ehrlich-Revesz, eds. 184-192.
9. ARNOLD, R. D.-GRAETZ, M. J.-MUNNELL, A. H., eds. (1999): Framing the Social Security Debate, Washington, D.C, National Academy of Social Insurance.
10. ARROW, K. J. (1963): Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care, American Economic Review 5.9 941-969.
11. ARROW, K. J.-DERREU, G. (1954): Existence of Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy, Econometnca 22 265-290,
12. ARROW, K. J.-INTRHXIGATOR, M. D., eds. (1986): Handbook of Mathematical Economics, Vol. III., Amsterdam, North-Holland.
13. ARTHUR, W. B.-MCNICOLL, G. (1978): Samuelson, Population and Intergerterational Transfers, international Economic Review 19 241-246.
14. ATKINSON, A. B.-BOURGUIGNON, P., eds. (2000): Handbook of Income Distribution, Vol, I., Amsterdam, Plsevier.
15. ATKINSON, A. B.-STIGLITZ, J. P. (1980): Lectures on Public Economics, London, McGraw-Hill,
16. AUERBACH, A. J. GOKHALE, J. Kc-TLIKOFF, L. (1991): Generational Accounts: A Meaningful Alternative to Deficit Accounting, Bradford, ed. 55-110.
17. AUERBACII, A. J.-GoKfiALE, J.-KOTLIKOFF, L. (1994-): Generational Accounting: A Meaningful Way to Evaluate Fiscal Policy, Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, Winter 73-94,
18. AUERBACH, A. J.-HAGEMANN, R. P.-KOTLIKOFF, L. J . - NlCOLETTI, G. (1989): The Economic Dynamics of an Ageing Population: The Case of Four OECD Countries, OECD Economic Studies 12 97-130.
19. AUERBACH, A. .J HERRMANN, H., eds (2002): Ageing, Financial Markets and Monetary Policy, Berlin, Springer.
20. AUERBACH, A. J.-KOTLIKOFF, L. J. (1987): Dynamic Fiscal Policy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,
21. AUGUSZTINOVICS, M. (1989): The Costs of Human Life, Economic Systems Research 1 5-26.
22. AUGUSZTINOVICS, M. (1992): Towards a Theory of Stationary Populations, typescript, Institute of Economics, Budapest (earlier version: Discussion Paper, 1991).
23. AUGUSZTINOVICS, M. (1993): The Crisis of the Pension System, Szekely-Newhery, eds. 296 320.
24. AUGUSZTINOVICS, M. (1995): The Long-term Financial Balance of the Pension System: Macrosimulation, Ehrlich-Revesz, eds. 210- 228.
25. AUGUSZTINOVICS, M. (1997a): Introduction, Augusztinovics et al. 7-23.
26. AUGUSZTINOVICS, M. (1997b): Gestation and Retirement Financing Applied to Hungary, Sustaining Social Security, United Nations.
27. AUGUSZTINOVICS, M. (1999a): Pension Systems and Reforms in the Transition Economies, Economic Survey of Europe. No. 4, UN ECE, Geneva.
28. AUGUSZTINOVIGS, M. (1999b): The Demographic and Economic Foundations of the Pension Reform (in Hungarian), Demogrdfia 42 120-132.
29. AUGUSZTINOV]CS, M. (1999c): Pension Systems and Reforms- Britain, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Sweden, European Journal of Social Security 1 351-382.
30. AUOUSZTINOVICS, M., eds., (2000a): Panorama after the Reform: Studies on Pension Systems (in Hungarian), Budapest, Kzga;idasagi Szemle Alapitvany.
31. AUCUSZTTNOVICS, M. (2000b): The Dynamics of Retirement Savings- Theory and Reality, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 11 111- 128.
32. AUGUSZTINOVICS, VI. et al. (1997): Pension Systems and Reforms- Britain. Hungary, Italy. Poland, Sweden, Phare ACE Program P95-2139-R, Budapest.
33. AUGUSZTINOVICS M. (coordinator)- GAL, R, I.-MATITS, A.-MATE, L.-SlMONOVlTS, A.-STAHL, J. (2002): The Hungarian Pension System Before and After the 1998 Reform, Fultz, ed. Vol. 1 25-93.
34. AUGUSZTINOVICS, M.-MAHTOS, B. (1996): Pension Reform: Calculations and Conclusions, Acta Occonomica 48 119-160.
35. AZARIADIS, C, (1993): Intertemporal Macroeconomics, Oxlord, Blackwell.
36. BARR, N. (1987): The Economics of the Welfare State, London, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, Stanford University Press (3rd edition in 1998).
37. BARR, N. (2001): The Welfare State as a Piggy Bank: Information, Risk, Uncertainty and the Role of the State, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
38. BARRO, R, J. (1974): Are Government Bonds Net Worth?, Journal of Political Economy 82 1095-1117.
39. BEATTIE, R.-MCGILLIWRAY, W. (1995): A Risky Strategy: Reflections on the World Bank Report 'Averting the Old Age Crisis' , International Social Security Review 48 5-22.
40. BEETS, G.-MJLTENYI, K., eds. (2000): Population Ageing in Hungary and the Netherlands, A European Perspective, Thela Thesis, Amsterdam,
41. BERMAN, A.-PLEMONS, R. J. (1979): Nonnegative Matrices in Mathematical Sciences, New York, Academic Press.
42. BLAKE, D. (1997): Pension Choices and Pension Policy in the United Kingdom, Valdes-Prieto, ed. 277-317.
43. BLAKE, D. (2000): Does it Matter what Kind of Pension Scheme you have?, Economic Journal 110, F46-F81.
44. BLANCHARD, O. .T.-FiSCHER, S. (1989): Lectures on Macroeconomics, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
45. BLONDAL, S.-SCARPETTA, S. (1999): The Retirement in OHCD Countries, OECD, Economics Department Working Papers 202.
46. BOD, P. (1995): Formation of the Hungarian Social insurance Based Pension System, Bhrlic.h-Revesz, eds. 173-183.
47. BOD, P. (2000): Reflections on the Perspectives on the Functioning of the Private Pension Funds (in Hungarian), Kirdly et at., eds. 85-101.
48. BOERI, T -BORSCH-SUPAN, A.-BRUGIAVINI, D.-DISNEY, R . - K A P - TKYN, A.-PERACCHI, R., eds. (2001a): Pensions: More Information, Less Ideology, Boston, Kluwer.
49. BOERI, T.-BRUGIVIANI, A.-MAIGNAN, C. (2001b): Early Retirement: Reasons and Consequences, Boeri et al., eds. (2001a) 29-53.
50. BOKROS, L.-DETHIER, J-J., eds. (1998): Public Finance Reform during the Transition: The Experience of Hungary. Washington, World Bank.
51. BOVENBERO, L.-MEIJDAM, L. (2001): The Dutch Pension System, Borsch-Supan-Micgel, eds. 39-67.
52. BOSWORTH, B. P,-DORNQUSCH, R.-LABAN, R., eds. (1993): The Chilean Economy, Policy Lessons and Challenges, Washington D.C., The Brookings Institution.
53. BORSCH-SUPAN, A. (1998): Incentive Effects of Social Security on Labor Force Participation: Evidence in Germany and Across Europe, NBER WP 6780, Cambridge, MA.
54. BORSCH-SUPAN, A. (2000): A Mode under Siege: A Case Study of the German Retirement Insurance System, Economic Journal 110, F24-F45.
55. BORSCH-SUPAN, A. (2003a): Six Countries-And No Pension System Alike, Borsch-Supan-Miegel, eds. 1-12.
56. BORSCH-SUPAN, A. (2001b): The German Retirement Insurance System, Borsch-Supan-Mzegel, eds. 13-38.
57. BORSCH-SUPAN, A. LUDWIG, A. WINTER, J. (2002): Aging, Pension Reform, and Capital Flows, Auerbach-Herrmann, eds. 55- 83.
58. BORSCH-SUPAN, A.-MIEGEL, M., eds. (2001): Pension Reform in Six Countries, Berlin, Springer.
59. BRADFORD, D., ed. (1991): Tax Policy and the. Economy 5, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
60. BHEYER., F. (1989): On the Intergenerational Parelo-efficiency of Pay-as-you-go Pension Systems, Journal of International and Theoretical Economics 145 643 658.
61. BREYER, F.-STOLTE, K. (2001): Demographic Change, Endogenous Labor Supply and the Political Feasibility of Pension Reform, Journal of Population Economics 14 409-424.
62. BROMBACHER STEINER, M. V. (2001): The Swiss Three-Pillar System, Borsch-Supan-Miegel, eds, 69- 85.
63. BROOKS, R. (2000): What will Happen to Financial Markets when the Baby Boomers Retire? IMF WP /00/18, Washington D.C.
64. BROWNING, E. K. (1975): Why the Social Insurance Budget is Too Large in a Democracy, Economic Inquiry 13 373-388.
65. BROWNING, E. (1987): On the Marginal Welfare Cost of Taxation, American Economic Review 7711-23,
66. BUDD, A.-CAMPBELL, N. (1998): The Roles of the Public and Private Sectors in the U.K. Pension System with comments by R. Disney and others, Feldstein, ed. 99-134.
67. BRUNNER, J. (1996): Transition from a Pay-as-You-Go to a Fully Funded Pension System: The Case of Diferring Individuals and Intragenerational Fairness, Journal of Public Economics 60 131- 146.
68. BUTLER, M. (2001): Neoclassical Life-Cycle Consumption: A Textbook Example, Economic Theory 17 209-221.
69. CALLUND, D. (1999): Chile: Controversy, Difficulty and Solutions, The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance 24 528-533.
70. CARROLL, C, D.-OVERLAND, J . - W E I L , D. N. (2000): Saving and Growth with Habit Formation, American Economic Review 90 341-355.
71. CASAMATTA, G - C R E M E R , H.-PESTIEAU, P. (2000): The Political Economy of Social Security:', Scandinavian Journal of Economics 102 503-522.
72. CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE (1996): Hungary's Population and Economy: Past and Present, in Hungarian, Budapest., KSH.
73. CENTRA L STATISTlCA L O FFIC E (19 98): Demographic Yearbook: Hungary, 1997, Budapest, KSH.
74. CHARLTON, R.-MCKINNON, R. (2001): Pension in Development, Aldershot, Ashgate.
75. COILE, C.-DIAMOND, P.-GRUBER, J . - J O U S T E N , A, (1999): Delays in Claiming Social Security Renefits, NBER WP 7318, Cambridge, MA.
76. CoiLE, C. GRUBER, J. (2000); Social Security Incentives for Retirement, NBER WP 7651, Cambridge, MA.
77. CRAWFORD, V. P.-LILIKN, D. M. (1981): Social Security and Retirement Decision, Quarterly Journal of Economics 100 479-529.
78. CRKEDY, J. (1992): income, Inequality and the Life Cycle. Aldershot, Elgar.
79. CSONTOS, L.-KORNAI, J.-TOTH, I. GY. (1998): Tax Awareness and the Reform of the Welfare State: Hungarian Survey Results, Economics of Transition 6 287-312.
80. DEARDORF, A. W. (1976): The Optimum Growth Rate for Population: Comment, International Economic Review 17 510-514.
81. DEATON, A. (1992): Understanding Consumption, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
82. DIAMOND, P. A. (1965): National Debt in a Neoclassical Growth Model, American Economic Review 55 1126-1150.
83. DIAMOND, P. (1997): Macroeconomic Aspects of Social Security Reform, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: 2 1-87.
84. DIAMOND, P. (1998): The Economics of Social Security Reform, NBER WP 6719, Cambridge, MA, also Arnold et al, eds. 38-64.
85. DIAMOND, P. (2002a): Taxation, incomplete Markets and Social Security, Munich Lectures, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
86. DIAMOND, P. (2002b): Social Security Reform, The Lindahl Lectures, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
87. DIAMOND, P. MIRRLEES, J. (1978): A Model of Social Insurance with Variable Retirement, Journal of Public Economics 10 295 - 336.
88. DIAMOND, P.-MIRRLEES, J. (1986): Payroll-Tax Financed Social Security with Variable Retirement, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 88 25 50.
89. DIAMOND, P.-MIRRLEES, J, (2003): Social Insurance with Variable Retirement, and Private Saving, Journal of Public Economics. .
90. DIAMOND, P.-ORSZAG, P. R. (2002): Assessing the Plans Proposal by the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security, Tax Notes 73.
91. DIAMOND, P.-VALDES-PRrETO, S. (1993): Social Security Reforms, Bosworth et at., eds. 257-320.
92. DISNEY, R. (2000): Crises in Public Pension Programmes in OECD: What are the Reform Options, Economic Journal 110 F1-F23.
93. DISNEY, R. (2001): The UK System of Pension Provision, Borsch- Supan-Miegel, eds. 87-109.
94. DREZE, J. H. (2000): Economic and Social Security in the Twentyfirst Century, with Attention to Europe, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 102 327-348.
95. T H E ECONOMIST (2001): Gordon Says Saving is Good for You, April 7, 41-42.
96. THE ECONOMIST (2002): A Survey of Pensions, February 16, after p. 54.
97. EDWARDS, S (1998): The Chilean Pension Reform: A Pioneering Program with Comments by S. P. Zeldes and others, Feldstem, ed. 33-62.
98. FJHRLICH, E.-REVESZ, G., eds. (1995): Human Resources and Social Stability during Transition in Hungary, San Francisco, International Center for Growth.
99. ELMENDORP, D. W.-LIE-HMAN, J. B (2000): Social Security Reform and National Savings in an Era of Budget Surpluses, Brookings Papas on Economic Activity: 2 1 71.
100. ENGEN, E, M.-GALE, W. G.-ScHOLZ, J. (1996): The Illusory Effects of Savings Incentives on Saving, Journal of Economic Perspectives 10:4, 111-138.
101. Eso, P.-SlMONOViTS, A. (2002): Designing Optimal Benefit Rules for Flexible Retirement, Discussion Paper CMS-EMS 1353, Northwestern University, Evanston. IL.
102. FABEL, O. (1994): The Economics of Pensions and Variable Retirement Schemes, New York, Wiley.
103. FEHR, II. (2000): Pension Reform during the Demographic Transi tion, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 102 419-443.
104. FELDSTEIN, M. (1974): Social Security, Induced Retirement and Aggregate Capital Accumulation, Journal of Political Economy 52 905-926.
105. FELDSTEIN, M.S. (1987): Should Social Security Means Tested?, Journal of Political Economy 35 468-484.
106. FELDSTEIN, M. (1996): The Missing Piece in Policy Analysis: Social Security Reform, American Economic Review 86 1-14.
107. FELDSTEIN, M., ed. (1998a): Privatizing Social Security, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
108. FELDSTEIN, M. (1998b): Introduction, Feldstein, ed. 1-29.
109. FELDSTEIN, M.-LIERMAN, J. V (2001): Social Security, NBER WP 8451, Cambridge, MA.
110. FELDSTEIN, M -SAMWICK, A. (1998): The Transition Path in Privatizing Social Security with comments by J. B. Shoven and others, Feldstein, ed. 215-264.
111. FELLNER, W. et al. (1967): Ten Economic Studies in the Tradition of Irving Fisher, New York, Wiley.
112. FERCE, ZS. (1999): The Politics of the Hungarian Pension Reform, Matter et al, eds. 231-246.
113. FISCHER, S. (1973): A Life Cycle Model of Insurance Purchases, International Economic Review 14 132-152.
114. FREDKR1CK, S.-LOEWENSTEfN, G.-O'DONOGHUE, T. (2002): Time Discounting and Time Preferences: A Critical Review, Journal of Economic Literature 40 351-401.
115. FREEMAN, R. B.-KATZ, L. F., eds. (1995): Differences and Changes in Wage Structure, Chicago, Chicago University Press.
116. FRIEDMANN, B.M.-WARSHAWSKI, M.J. (1990): The Cost of Annuities: Implications for Saving Behavior and Bequests, Quarterly Journal of Economics 105 135-154.
117. FUCHS, V. R. (2000): Medicare Reform: The Larger Picture, Journal of Economic Perspectives 14:2 57 70.
118. FULTZ, E., ed. (2002): Pension Reform in Central and Eastern Europe, Budapest, ILO, Volumes 1-2.
119. GAL, R. I. (1999): Hungarian Old-Age Security Prior to the 1998 Reform, Midler et al, eds. 201-210.
120. GAL, R. I.-SlMONOVVTS, A.-SZABO, M.-TARCALI, C. (2000): Generational Accounts in Hungary'1, Budapest, TARKI, http://www.tarki.hu/research-e/welfarc/genaccount.pdf.
121. GAL, R. I. SlMONOVlTS, A.-TARCALI, G. (2001): Pension Reform and Generational Accounts, Social Protection Discussion Paper Series 0127. World Bank, Washington D.C,
122. GALE, D. (1973): Pure Exchange Equilibrium of Dynamic Economic Models, Journal of Economic Theory 6 12-36.
123. GALE, D. (1974): The Trade Imbalance Story, Journal of International Economics 4 119-137.
124. GEANAKOPLOS, J.-MITCHELL, O. S.-ZELDES, S. P. (1998): Social Security Money's Worth, NBER WP 6722, Cambridge, MA; appeared: Mitchell-Meyers-Young, eds. (1999a), 137-157.
125. GILLION, C - T U R N E R , J.-BAILEY, C,-LATULIPPE, D., eds. (2000): Social Security Pension: Development and Reform, Geneva, ITJO.
126. GOKHALE, J-KOTLIKOFF, L. (1999): Social Security Treatment of Postwar Americans: How Bad Can it Get?, NBER 7362, Cambridge, MA.
127. GOKHALE, J.-KoTLIKOFF, L.-SABELHAUS, J. (1996): Understanding the Postwar Decline in U.S. Saving: A Cohort Analysis, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (1) 315-407.
128. GRUBER, J.-ORSZAG, P. (1999): What to Do About the Social Security Earning Test, Issue in Brief / / l . Center for Retirement Research, Boston College.
129. GRUBER, J , - W I S E , D., eds. (1999): Social Security and Retirement around the World, Chicago, The Chicago University Press.
130. GUEGANO, Y. (2000): Cessation d'activite, depart en retrait et decisions individuelles: vers la neutrality actuarieiles de baremand de retraites et une plus grande liberte de choix, Paris, Caisse des Depots et Consignations.
131. HABUCSEK, L. (1999): Aging and Diminishing Population: Demographic Scenarios 1997-2050 (in Hungarian), Demogrdfia 42 390-413.
132. HABLICSEK, L.-DE BEEK, J,-VAN HOORN, W. (2000): Future Population and Household Trends: Projections and Scenarios, Beets- Miltenyi, eds, 141-180.
133. HAVEMAN, R. (1994): Should Generational Accounts Replace Public Budgets and Deficits, Journal of Economic Perspectives 8. Winter 95-111.
134. HJNDE, A. (1998): Demographic Methods, London, Arnold.
135. HOLZMANN, R. (1998): Financing the Transition to Multipolar [Systems], World Bank; Social Protection Discussion Series.
136. HOLZMANN, R . - J A M E S , E.-BORSCH-SUPAN, A.-DIAMOND, P . - V A L - DES-PRIETO, S. (2001): Comments on Rethinking Pension Reform: Ten Myths about Social Security Systems, Holzmann- Stiglitz, eds. 57-89.
137. HOLZMANN, R.-PALACIOS, R.-ZVINIENE, A. (2001): Implicit Pension Debt: Issues, Measurement arid Scope in International Perspectives , HDNSP for Social Protection Discussion Series, Washington, D.C., World Bank.
138. HOLZMANN, R.-STIGLITZ, R., eds. (2001): New Ideas about Old- Age Security: Toward Sustainable Pension Systems in the 21st Century. Washington, D.C., World Bank.
139. HoTfcXUNG, II. (1929): Stability of Competition, Economic Journal 39 41- 57.
140. HUBBARD, R. G.-SKINNER, J.-ZELDES, S, P. (1995): Precautionary Saving and Social Insurance, Journal of Political Economy 103 360-399.
141. HUJO, K. (1999): Paradigmatic Change in Old-Age Security-Latin American Cases, Muller et al., eds. 121-139,
142. HUNGARIAN PENSION INSTITUTION (1998): Statistical Yearbook, Budapest.
143. JAMES, E.-BROOKS, S. (2001): The Political Economy of Structural Pension Reforms, Holzmann-Sttglitz, eds. 2001 133-170.
144. JAMES, E.-SMALHOUT, J . - V I T T A S , D. (2001): Administrative Costs and Organization of Individual Account Systems: A Comparative Perspective, Holzmann-Stiglitz, eds. 2001 254-307.
145. JOHNSON, P.-RAKE, K. (1997); Great-Britain: A Case Study, Augusztinovics et al. 25-50.
146. KKYFITZ, N. -BEEKMAN, J. A. (1984): Demography through Problems, New York, Springer.
147. KIM, O. (1983): Balanced Equilibrium in a Consumption Loans Model, Journal of Economic Theory 29 339-346.
148. KiRALY, J.-SIMONOVITS, A.- SzAZ, J., eds. (2000): Rationality and Equity (in Hungarian), Budapest, KbzgazdasagiSzemle Alapitvany.
149. KiRMAN, A. (1992): Whom or What Does the Representative Individual Represent? Journal of Economic Perspectives 6:1117-136.
150. KORNAI, J, (1992): The Postsocialist Transition and the State, American Economic Review 82, Papers and Proceedings 1-21.
151. KORNAI, J. (1999): Welfare after Communism, London, The Social Market Foundation.
152. KOTUKOFF, L. (1997): Privatization of Social Security: How it Works and Why it Matters, Fote.rba, ed. 1-32.
153. KOTLIKOFF, L. (1998): Simulating the Privatization of Social Security in General Equilibrium with comments by T. J. Sargents and others, Feldstein, e.d. 265-312.
154. KOTLIKOFF, L. SMETTERS, K. A.-WALLISER, J. (1998): Opting Out of Social Security and Adverse Selection, NDER WP 6430 Cambridge, MA, to appear in Journal of Public Economics.
155. KOTLIKOPP, L.-SUMMERS, L. (1981): 'The Role of Intergenerational Transfers in Aggregate Capital Accumulation, Journal of Political Economy 89 706-732.
156. KRUGMAN, V. R.- OBSTFELD, M. (2000): International Economics. Theory and Policy, 5th edition, Addison Wesley Longman.
157. KuRIHARA, K. K., ed. (1954): Post-Keynesian Economics, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press.
158. LACKO, M. (2000): Do Power Consumption Data Tell the Story? (Electricity Intensity and Hidden Economy in Post-Socialist Countries), Maskin-Simonovits, eds. 345-366.
159. LAIBSOK, D. I. (1997): Golden Eggs and Uyperbolic Discounting, Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 443-477.
160. LAITNER, J. P. (1984): Transition Time Paths for Ovcrlapping- Generations Models, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 7 111-129.
161. LAZEAR, E. P. (1979): Why is there Mandatory Retirement?, Journal of Political Economy 87 I261-L269.
162. LEE, R. (1980): Age Structure, Intergenerational rlYansfersaud Economic Growth, Revue economique 31 1129- 1156.
163. LEE, R.-TULJAPURKAR, S, (1998): Uncertain Demographic Future and Social Security Finances, American Economic Review 88 237-241.
164. LEIMER, D. R. (1995): A Guide to Social Security Money Worth Issues, Social Security Bulletin 58, Summer, 3-20,
165. LEIMER, D. R.-LESNOY, S. (1982): Social Security and Private Savings: New Time Series Evidence, Journal of Political Economy 90 606-642.
166. LEIBMAN, J, B. (2001): Redistribution in the Current U.S. Social Security System, NBER WP 8625 Cambridge, MA.
167. LlNDBECK, A. WEIBULL, .J. (1988): Strategic Interaction with Altruism; The Economics of Fait Accompli, Journal of Political Economy 96 1165-1182.
168. LOTKA, A. J.-SHARPE, F. R. (1911): A Problem in Age Distribution, Philosophical Magazine SI 435 438.
169. MACHA, M. (2002): The Political Economy of Pension Reform in the Czech Republic, Fultz, ed. Vol. 2 75-112.
170. MANKIW, N. G. (1997): Macroeconomics, New York, Worth, 3rd edition.
171. MARTOS, B. (1995): Point System of Individual Pensions: Setup and Operation, Ehrlich-Revesz, eds. 229-241.
172. MARIOS, B. (1997): Pension Formulas, Avgusztmovics et al. 159 169.
173. MASKIN, R.-SIMONOVITS, A., eds. (2000): Planning, Shortage and Transformation, Essays in Honor of J. Kornai, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
174. MCKINNON, R. I. (2001): The International Dollar Standard and the Sustainability of the U.S. Current Account Deficit, Brooking Papers on Economic Activity 1, 227-239.
175. MINISTRY OF FINANCE MINISTRY OF WELFARE (1997): Background Information of the Pension Reform, Budapest,
176. MIRRLEES, J. A. (1971): An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation, Review of Economic Studies 38 175-208.
177. MIRRLEES, J, A, (1986): 'The Theory of Optimal Taxation, Arrow- Intnlligator, eds. 1197-1249.
178. MITCHELL, O. S. (1998): Administrative Costs in Public and Private Retirement Systems with comments by S. J. Schieber and others, Feldstein, ed. 403-456,
179. MITCHELL, O S . (2002): Developments in Dccumulation: The Role of Annuity Products in Financing Retirement, Auerbach-Herrmann, eds., 97-125.
180. MITCHELL, O . S . - M E Y E R S , R. J. YOUNG, H., eds. (1999a): Prospects for Soctal Security Reform, Pension Research Council, University of Pennsylvania Press.
181. MITCHELL, O, S.-POTERBA, J. M.- WARSHAWSKI, M. J.-BROWN, J. R, (1999b): New Evidence on Money's Worth of Individual Annuities, American Economic, Review 89 1299 -1318.
182. MODIGLIANI, P. (1976): Some Economic Policy Implications of Indexing ol Financial Assets with Special Reference to Mortgages, Monti, eds. 90-116 and Abel, ed. Volume 3, 97-123.
183. MODIGLIANI, F. -BRUMBERG, R. (1954): Utility Analysis and the Consumption Function: An Interpretation ol Cross-Section Data, Kurihara, cd. 388-436,
184. MOLNAR, CY.-SIMONOVITS, A. (1998): Expectations, (In)stability and (In)viability in Realistic Overlapping Cohorts Models, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 23 303-332.
185. MONTI, M., ed. (1976): The New Inflation and Monetary Policy, London and Basington, Macmillan.
186. MURTIII, M.-ORSZAG, J. M.-ORSZAG, P. R. (2001): The Charge Ratio on Individual Accounts: Lessons from the UK Experience, liolzrnann- Stiglitz, eds. 308-335
187. MiJLLER, K. (1999): The Political Economy of Pension Reform in Central-F^astern Europe, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Elgar.
188. MULLER, K.-RYLL, A.-WACENER, H-J, eds, (1999): Transformation of Social Security: Pensions in Central'Eastern Europe, Heidelberg, Physica.
189. MYLES, G. D. (1995): Public Economics, Cambridge, University Press.
190. NoRDHAUS, W. (1973): The Effects of Inflation on the Distribution of Economic Welfare, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 5 465-508.
191. OECD (2000) Economic Outlook 67, Paris.
192. ORENSTEIN, M. A, (2000): How Politics and Institutions Affect Pension Reform in Three Post Communist Countries, Policy Research WP 2310, Washington, World Bank.
193. ORLOWSKI, TJ., eds. (2000): Transition and Growth in Post-Communist Countries: Ten Years Experience, Celtenham, UK, Flgar.
194. ORSZAG, R - S T I G U T Z , J. E. (2001): Rethinking Pension Reform: Ten Myths about Social Security Systems, Holzmann-Stiglilz. eds. 17-56.
195. PALACTOS, R.-ROCHA, R. (1998): The Hungarian Pension System in Transition, Dokros-Dethier, eds. 177-216.
196. PHILIPSON, T. J,-BECKER, G, S. (1998): Old-Age Longevity and Mortality Contingent Claims, Journal of Political Economy 106 551-573.
197. POTERBA, J. M., ed. (1997): Tax Policy and the Economy 10, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
198. POTERUA, J. M. (2001): Demographic Structure and Asset Returns, Review of Economics and Statistics 83 565-584.
199. POTERBA, .J. M-VENTI, S. F . - W I S E D.A. (1996): How Retirement Savings Program Increase Savings, Journal of Economic Perspectives 10:4, 91-112.
200. POTERBA, J. M . - V E N T I , S. F . - W I S E , D. A. (1999): Pre-Retirement Cashoutsand Forgone Retirement Savings: Implications for 401 (k) Asset Accumulation, NIJEfl WP 7314 Cambridge, MA.
201. PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION TO STRENGTHEN SOCIAL SECURITY (2002): Strengthening Social Security and Creating Personal Wealth for All Americans, Washington, (http:7www.csss.gov/reports/)
202. RAZIN, A. SADKA, E.-SWAGEL, P. (2002): The Aging Population and the Size ofthe Welfare State. Journal of Political Economy 110 900-918.
203. RETT, J. (1996): The Basic Calculations ofthe Pension Reform', the Possibilities (in Hungarian), typescript, Budapest. Pension Self Government.
204. RETI, J. (1997): The Development of Pension Expenditures and Changes in the Kineties (in Hungarian), typescript, Budapest.
205. Pension Self Govern merit. (For an earlier English version, see Ehrlich-Revesz, eds. (1995)).
206. RETI J. (2000): The Pension Risks at the End of the Nineties: (To the History of the Pension Reform) (in Hungarian), Kirdly et al., eds. 134-156.
207. RETI, .J. (2002): Pay-as-You-Go System with Individual Accounts (in Hungarian), Kozgazdastigi Sze.mlc. 49 528-550
208. ROTKOWSKI, M. (2000): Restoring Hope, Rewarding Work: Pension Reforms in Post-Communist Economies, Orlvwski, eds..
209. SAMUELSON, P. A. (1958): An Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest with or without the Social Contrivance of Money, Journal of Political Economy 66 467 482,
210. SAMUELSON, P. A. (1975a): The Optimum Growth Rate for Population, International Economic Review 16 531-538.
211. SAMUELSON, P. A. (L975b): Optimum Social Security in a Life- Cycle Growth Model, International Economic Retiiew 16 539-544.
212. SAMUELSON, P. A (1976): The Optimum Growth Rate for Population: Agreement and Evaluations, International Economic Review 17 516-525.
213. SAMWICK, A. (1998): New Evidence on Pensions, Social Security and the Timing of Retirement, Journal of Public Economics 70 207-236.
214. SCHMAHL, A. (1999): Pension Reforms in Germany: Major Topics, Decisions and Developments, Miiller et al., eds. 91-120,
215. SCHMIDT-HEBBEL, K. (2001): Chile's Pension Revolution Coming of Age, Borsch-Supan-Miegel, eds. 139-170.
216. SHARK, E.-DIAMOND, P.-TVERSKY, A, (1997): Money Illusion, Quarterly Journal of Economics 112 341-347
217. SHESHINSKI, E. (1972): The Optimal Linear Income tax , Review of Economic Studies 39 297 -302.
218. SHESHINSKI, E. (1978): A Mode! of Social Security and Retirement Decisions, Journal of Public Economics 10 337-360.
219. SIMONOVITS, A. (1992): Indexed Mortgages and Expectations: Mathematical Analysis and Simulation, Aria Oeconoraica 44 144-160.
220. SIMONOVITS, A. (1995a): Three Economic Applications of Chebyshev's Algebraic.Tnequa.lity, Mathematical Social Sciences 30 207-220.
221. SIMONOVITS, A. (1995b): On the Number of Balanced Steady States in Overlapping Cohorts Model, Acta Oeconomica 47 51-67.
222. SIMONOVITS, A. (1996): Pensions and Family Allowances: A Reconsideration of the Social Insurance Paradox, Acta Oeconomica 47 337-347.
223. SIMONOVITS, A. (1999): The New Hungarian Pension System and its Problems, Muller et al., eds. 211-230.
224. SIMONOVITS, A. (2000a): Mathematical Methods in Economic Dy namics, Oxford, Macmillan.
225. SIMONOVITS, A. (2000b): Parables and Realism in Overlapping Cohorts Models, Maskin Simonovits, eds. 95 107.
226. SIMONOVITS, A. (2000c): introduction into Pension Modeling, Budapest, CEU Department of Economics, Working Paper 6.
227. SIMONOVITS, A. (2001): Employment, Length, Leisure and Pension: Incentives with Limits, Budapest, CEU Department of Economies, Working Paper 3.
228. SIMONOVITS, A. (2002): Designing Optimal Linear Rules for Flexible Retirement, Budapest, CEU Department of Economics, Working Paper 6.
229. SIMONOVITS, A. (2003): Introduction into Pension Modeling, Bulletin of Social Security.
230. SINN, H. W. (2000): Why a Funded Pension System is Useful and why it is not Useful, NBER WP 7592, also International Tax and Public Finance 7 389-410.
231. SKINNER, J. (1989): Risky Income, Life-Cycle Consumption and Precautionary Savings, Journal of Monetary Economics 22 237- 255.
232. SPIEZIA, V. (2002): The Greying Population: A Wasted Human Capital or Just a Social Liability?, International Labour Review 14171-113.
233. STIGLITZ, J. E. (1988): Economics of the Public Sector, New York- London, Norton, 2nd edition.
234. SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF RESEARCH, EVALUATION AND STATISTICS (1998): Fast Facts and Figures about Social Security, Washington, Government Printing Office.
235. SPEDER, Zs. (1999): Relative Advantage;; and Increasing Differences: The Pensioners' Welfare between 1987 and 1996 in Hungary (in Hungarian), Budapest University of Economic Sciences, Household and Family Research Unit.
236. STOCK, J .-WISE , D (1990): Pensions, the Option Value of Work, and Retirement, Econometrica 58 1151-1180.
237. SYDSATER, K.-HAMMOND, P. (1995): Mathematics for Economic Analysis, Prentice Hall.
238. SZEKELY, I. P.-NEWBKRY, D. M. O, eds (1993): Hungary: An Economy in Transition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
239. TANZI, V., eds (1983): The Underground Economy in the United States and Abroad, Lexington, MA.
240. THALER, R. H.-SIIEFEUN, H. M. (1981): An Economic Theory of Self-Control, Journal of Political Economy 89 392-406.
241. THOMPSON, L. (1998): Older and Wiser: The Economics of Public Pension, Washington D. O, The Urban Institute Press.
242. TOBIN, J. (1967): Life Cycle Savins and Balanced Growth, Fellner tt al. 231 256.
243. YAARI, M. E, (1965): Uncertain Lifetime, Life Insurance and the Theory of Consumer, Review of Economic Studies 32 137-150.
244. VALDES-PRIETO, S., ed. (1997): The Economics of Pensions: Principles, Policies and International Experience, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
245. VALDES-PRIETO, S. (2000): The Financial Stability of Notional Account Pensions, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 102 395-417
246. VAN GKOEZEN, B.-LEERS, T.-MEIJDAM, L. (2003): Social Security and Endogeneous Fertility: Pension and Child Allowances as Siamese Twins, Journal of Public Economics 87 233-251.
247. VARIAN, H. (1992): Microeconomic Analysis, 3rd edition, New York, Norton
248. VARIAN, II (1999): Intermediate, Microeconomics, New York, Norton.
249. VERBON, H. (1988): The Evolution of Public Pension Schemes, Berlin, Springer Verlag.
250. VlTTAS, D. (1997): Designing Pension Reform Programs: Lessons from Recent Experience, Working Paper Series, University of Ljubljana.
251. WAGENER, A. (2001): Pension Risk, Saving and Retirement Decisions, International Workshop on A gang, Skills and Labour Markets, Nantes, September 7-8.
252. WALDRON, H. (2001): Links between Early Retirement and Mortality, ORES Working Paper 93, Division of Economic Rese-arch, SS Administration.
253. WALL1SER, J. (2000): Adverse Selection in the Annuities Market and the Privatizing of Social Security, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 102 373-393.
254. WALLISER, J. (2001): Regulation of Withdrawals in Individual Account Systems, HolzmannSHglitz, eds. 367-390.
255. WISE, D. A. (2001): United States: Support in Retirement: Where We are and Where We are Going, Borsch-Supan Miegel, eds. 111-138.
256. World Bank (1994): Averting The Old-Age Crisis, New York, N.Y., Oxford University Press.