"The servant problem" and justice in households

Iris

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 67-85

  Tronto, Joan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84870909188     PISSN: 20363257     EISSN: 20366329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. J. S. Mill, On Liberty and Other Essays, new ed., Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 518.
2. Aristotle, The Politics, trans. T. Saunders, New York: Penguin, 1981;
3. G. W. F. Hegel, Philosophy of Right, trans. T. M. Knox, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.
4. Hegel, Philosophy of Right.
5. C. Lasch, Haven in a Heartless World: The Family Beseiged, New York: W. W Norton, 1995.
6. M. Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality, New York: Basic Books, 1983.
7. J. Locke, Two Treatises of Government, ed. M. Goldie, Rutland, VT: Tutde, 1992;
8. J. Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
9. Plato, The Republic, trans. D. Lee, New York: Penguin, 1987.
10. L. McClain, The Place of Families: Fostering Capacity, Equality and Responsibility, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.
11. H. Eckstein and T. Gurr, Patterns of Authority: A Structural Basis for Political Inquiry, New York: Wiley, 1975.
12. A. Lareau, Contours of Childhood: Social Class Differences in Children's Daily Lives, Berkeley, CA:
13. A. Mullin, "Trust, Social Norms, and Motherhood", Journal of Social Philosophy, 36(2005), pp. 316-330.
14. E. Nemy, "Metropolitan Diary", New York Times, 6 September 1999, B2.
15. I had previously explored some dimensions of this question in J. Tronto, "The 'Nanny Question' in Feminism", Hypatia, 17(2001), pp. 34-51.
16. E. H. Botting, Family Feuds: Wolbtonecraft, Burke and Rousseau on the Transformation of the Family, Albany, NY: Suny Press, 2006, p. 203.
17. J. Charvet, The Social Problem in the Philosophy of Rousseau, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.
18. J. Shklar, Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau's Social Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.
19. J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1. 6. 3-4.
20. J. J. Rousseau, Emile, or On Education, trans. A. Bloom, New York: Basic Books, 1979, p. 364.
21. Among the many intriguing aspects of this passage is that Rousseau stops writing in the third person and begins writing in the first person halfway through it. There is an extensive feminist literature on Rousseau and Entile, see, e.g., S. M. Okin, Women in Western Political Thought, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979
22. and Ead., "Women and the Making of the Sentimental Family", Philosophy and Public Affairs, 11(1982), pp. 65-82;
23. L. J. Marso, (Un) Manly Citizens: Jean-Jacques Rousseau's and Germaine de Staël's Subversive Women, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999;
24. E. R. Wingrove, Rousseau's Republican Romance, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000;
25. N. Hirschmann, Gender, Class, and Freedom in Modern Political Theory, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
26. See also, for more sympathetic views of Rousseau, M. Morgenstern, Rousseau and the Politics of Ambiguity, College Park, PA: Penn State Press, 2004
27. and H. Rosenblatt, "On the 'Misogyny' of Rousseau: The 'Letter to d'Alembert' in Historical Perspective", French Historical Studies, 25(2002), pp. 91-114.
28. Rousseau, Emile, p. 364.
29. Quoted by Botting, Family Feuds, p. 42.
30. L. Damrosch, Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius, New York: Houghton Muffin, 2005, p. 65.
31. Shklar, Men and Citizens, p. 131.
32. V. Sapiro, A Vindication of Political Virtue: The Political Theory of Mary Wolbtonecraft, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992, pp. 103-104;
33. Sarti, Domestic Service.
34. D. O'Neill, The Burke-Wollstonecraft Debate: Savagery, Civilization, and Democracy, College Park, PA: Penn State Press, 2007;
35. Sapiro, A Vindication of Political Virtue.
36. M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, New York: Penguin, 1992, p. 251.
37. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, p. 314.
38. Sapiro, AVindication of Political Virtue, p. 106.
39. and Ead., "Domestic Service: Past and Present in Southern and Northern Europe", Gender and History, 18(2006), pp. 222-245.
40. Workpermit.com, UN Report - Economic Role of Immigrant Women Overlooked, workpermit. com, 24 October 2006;
41. see also A. Morrison and M. Schiff, "Looking Ahead: Future Directions for Research and Policy", in A. Morrison, M. SchifF, and M. Sjoblom (eds.), The International Migration of Women, Washington DC: The World Bank, 2007.
42. M. Romero, Maid in the U. S. A., 2nd ed., New York: Roudedge, 2002.
43. L. McDowell, "Spaces of the Home: Absence Presence, New Connections and New Anxieties", in Home Cultures. 4(2007), pp. 129-146.
44. M. Romero, "Unraveling Privilege: Workers' Children and the Hidden Costs of Paid Child Care", Chicago-Kent Law Review 76, p. 1660.
45. Quoted by Romero, Unraveling Privilege, p. 1661.
46. C. McLeod and S. Sherwin, "Relational Autonomy, Self-Trust, and Health Care for Patients Who are Oppressed", in C. MacKenzie and N. Stoljar (eds.), Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 260.
47. P. Pettit, "Keeping Republican Freedom Simple: On a Difference with Quentin Skinner", Political Theory, 30(2002), p. 348.
48. It would be possible to create a long list of examples of such "marking." Consider, for example the stigma among American teenagers in working with food (see D. Johnson, "For Teenagers, Fast Food is a Snack, Not a Job", New York Times, 8 January 2001, Al, A13). This pattern of marking and its consequences may be more severe for the least qualified care workers, but it also affects doctors and nurses as well. One in six British health care workers reported being bullied, especially by immediate supervisors, but among ethnic minorities the number increased to three in ten (International Centre for Human Resources in Nursing, Workplace Bullying in the Health Sector, Geneva: International Center for Human Resources in Nursing, 2008.)
49. A. Lorde, Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches, Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press, 1984.
50. S. Wong, "Diverted Mothering: Representations of Caregivers of Color in the Age of 'Multiculturalism, '" in E. N. Glenn and L. R. Forcey (eds.), Mothering: Ideology, Experience, Agency, New York: Roudedge, 1994.
51. For another recent example, see the role of the Native American caregiver in August/Osage County. This play won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 2008
52. (T. Letts, August/Osage County, New York: Theater Communications Group, 2008). None of the commentaries I have read have noted this aspect of the drama.
53. B. Ehrenreich, "Maid to Order: The Politics of Other Women's Work", Harpers, April 2000, pp. 59-70.
54. Tronto, The "Nanny Question" in Feminism.
55. Walzer, Spheres of Justice, p. 52.
56. C. Rubenstein, "Consumer's World: Finding a Nanny Legally", New York Times, 28 January 1993, C1.
57. P. Hondagneu-Sotelo, Domética: Immigrant Workers Cleaning and Caring in the Shadow of Affluence, Berkeley, CA: University of California at Berkeley, 2001.