Thermomechanical modeling of extensional gneiss domes

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 380, Issue , 2004, Pages 67-78

  Tirel, Céline ^a   Brun, Jean Pierre ^a   Burov, Evgenii ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1   (France)

^b CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

Detachment; Lower crustal flow; Metamorphic core complex; Numerical modeling

Indexed keywords

NUMERICAL MODELS; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

BOUNDARY DISPLACEMENTS; DENSITY ANOMALIES; DETACHMENT; LOCALIZED DEFORMATIONS; LOWER CRUSTAL FLOWS; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; STRAIN LOCALIZATIONS; THERMOMECHANICAL MODEL;

DOMES;

CRUSTAL THICKNESS; DISPLACEMENT; DOME; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; GNEISS; LITHOSPHERE; MOHO; RHEOLOGY; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; THERMOMECHANICS;

EID: 84870835341     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2380-9.67     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Allmendinger, R.W., Nelson, K., Potter, C., Barazangi, M., Brown, L.B., and Oliver, J.E., 1987, Deep seismic reflection characteristics of the continental crust: Geology, v. 15, p. 304-310.
2. Andersen, T.B., Jamtveit, B., Dewey, J.F., and Swensson, E., 1991, Subduction and eduction of continental crust; major mechanisms during continentcontinent collision and orogenic extensional collapse, a model based on the South Norwegian Caledonides: Terra Nova, v. 3, p. 303-310.
3. Armijo, R., Meyer, B., King, G.C.P., Rigo, A., and Papanastassiou, D., 1996, Quaternary evolution of the Corinth Rift and its implications for the Late Cenozoic evolution of the Aegean: Geophysical Journal International, v. 126, p. 11-53.
4. Armijo, R., Tapponnier, P., Mercier, J.L., and Han, T.-L., 1986, Quaternary extension in southern Tibet: Field observations and tectonic implications: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 91, no. 14, p. 13, 803-13, 872.
5. Bernard, P., Briole, P., Meyer, B., Lyon-Caen, H., Gomez, J.M., Tiberi, C., Berge, C., Cattin, R., Hatzfeld, D., Lachet, C., Lebrun, B., Deschamps, A., Courboulex, F., Larroque, C., Rigo, A., Massonnet, D., Papadimitriou, P., Kassaras, J., Diagourtas, D., Makropoulos, K., Veis, G., Papazisi, E., Mitsakaki, C., Karakostas, V., Papadimitriou, E., Papanastassiou, D., Chouliaras, G., and Stavrakakis, G., 1997, The Ms = 6, 2R June 15 1995 Aigion earthquake (Greece): Evidence for low angle normal faulting in Corinth rift: Journal of Seismology, v. 1, p. 131-150, doi: 10.1023/A: 1009795618839. (Pubitemid 127507641)
6. Berthé, D., Choukroune, P., and Jegouzo, P., 1979, Orthogneiss, mylonite, and non-coaxial deformation of granites: The example of the South Armorican shear zone: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 1, p. 31-42.
7. Bird, P., 1979, Continental delamination and the Colorado Plateau: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 86, p. 4891-4903.
8. Block, L., and Royden, L.H., 1990, Core complex geometries and regional scale flow in the lower crust: Tectonics, v. 9, no. 4, p. 557-567.
9. Brace, W.F., and Kohlstedt, D.L., 1980, Limits on Lithospheric Stress Imposed by Laboratory Experiments: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 85, no. 11, p. 6248-6252.
10. Brun, J.-P., Sokoutis, D., and Van Den Driessche, J., 1994, Analogue modeling of detachment fault systems and core complexes: Geology, v. 22, p. 319-322, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)0222.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 24425940)
11. Brun, J.-P., Sokoutis, D., and Van Den Driessche, J., 1995, Analogue modeling of detachment fault systems and core complexes: Reply: Geology, v. 23, p. 288.
12. Brun, J.-P., and Van Den Driessche, J., 1994, Extensional gneiss domes and detachment fault systems; structure and kinematics: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. 165, no. 6, p. 519-530.
13. Buck, W.R., 1988, Flexural rotation of normal faults: Tectonics, v. 7, no. 5, p. 959-973.
14. Buck, W.R., 1991, Modes of continental lithospheric extension: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 96, no. 12, p. 20,161-20,178.
15. Burg, J.P., Brunel, M., Gapais, D., Chen, G.M., and Liu, G.H., 1984, Deformation of leucogranites of the crystalline main central thrust sheet in southern Tibet (China): Journal of Structural Geology, v. 6, p. 535-542, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(84)90063-4. (Pubitemid 14644726)
16. Burg, J.P., Van Den Driessche, J., and Brun, J.-P., 1994, Syn- to post-thickening extension in the Variscan Belt of Western Europe: Modes and structural consequences: Géologie de la France, v. 3, p. 33-51.
17. Burov, E., and Cloetingh, S., 1997, Erosion and rift dynamics; new thermome-chanical aspects of post-rift evolution of extensional basins: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 150, no. 1-2, p. 7-26, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00069-1.
18. Burov, E., and Poliakov, A., 2001, Erosion and rheology controls on synrift and postrift evolution; verifying old and new ideas using a fully coupled numerical model: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 106, no. 8, p. 16,461-16,481, doi: 10.1029/2001JB000433.
19. Chéry, J., 2001, Core complex mechanics: From the Gulf of Corinth to the Snake Range: Geology, v. 29, p. 439-442, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(2001) 0292.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 35302065)
20. Coney, P.J., and Harms, T.A., 1984, Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: Cenozoic extensional relics of Mesozoic compression: Geology, v. 12, p. 550-554.
21. Crittenden, M.D., Coney, P.J., and Davis, G.H., 1980, Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 153, 490 p.
22. Cundall, P.A., 1989, Numerical experiments on localization in frictional materials: Ingenieur-Archiv, v. 59, p. 148-159.
23. Cundall, P.A., 1990, Numerical modelling of jointed and faulted rock, in Rossmanith, A., ed., Mechanics of jointed and faulted rock: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 11-18.
24. Davis, G.A., and Coney, P.J., 1979, Geological development of metamorphic core complexes: Geology, v. 7, p. 120-124.
25. Dewey, J.F., 1988, Extensional collapse of orogens: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 1123-1139.
26. Doin, M.P., and Fleitout, L., 1996, Thermal evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: An alternative view: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 142, p. 121-136, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00082-9.
27. Echtler, H., and Malavieille, J., 1990, Extensional tectonics, basement uplift and Stephano-Permian collapse basin in a late Variscan metamorphic core complex (Montagne Noire, southern Massif Central): Tectonophysics, v. 177, p. 125-138, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90277-F.
28. England, P.C., and Bickle, M., 1984, Continental thermal and tectonic regimes during the Archaean: Journal of Geology, v. 92, p. 353-367.
29. England, P.C., and Richardson, S.W., 1977, The influence of erosion upon the mineral facies of rocks from different metamorphic environments: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 22, p. 201-213.
30. England, P.C., and Thompson, A., 1986, Some thermal and tectonic model for crustal melting in continental collision zones, in Cowards, M.P., and Ries, A.C., eds., Collision Tectonics: London, Geological Society Special Publication 19, p. 83-94.
31. Gaudemer, Y., Jaupart, C., and Tapponnier, P., 1988, Thermal control on postorogenic extension in collision belts: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 89, p. 48-62, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90032-5.
32. Gautier, P., Ballèvre, M., Brun, J.-P., and Jolivet, L., 1990, Extension ductile et bassins sédimentaires mio-pliocènes dans les Cyclades (îles de Naxos et Paros): Compte Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, v. 310, p. 147-153.
33. Gautier, P., and Brun, J.-P., 1994a, Crustal-scale geometry and kinematics of lateorogenic extension en the central Aegean (Cyclades and Evvia Islands): Tectonophysics, v. 238, p. 399-424, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90066-3.
34. Gautier, P., and Brun, J.-P., 1994b, Ductile crust exhumation and extensional detachments in the central Aegean (Cyclades and Evvia Islands): Geodinamica Acta, v. 7, p. 57-85.
35. Gautier, P., Brun, J.-P., and Jolivet, L., 1993, Structure and kinematics of Upper Cenozoic extensional detachment on Naxos and Paros (Cyclades Islands, Greece): Tectonics, v. 12, p. 1180-1194. (Pubitemid 24420613)
36. Gautier, P., Brun, J.-P., Moriceau, R., Sokoutis, D., Martinod, J., and Jolivet, L., 1999, Timing, kinematics and cause of Aegean extension: A scenario based on a comparison with simple analogue experiments: Tectonophysics, v. 315, p. 31-72, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00281-4. (Pubitemid 30452649)
37. Gerbault, M., Burov, E.B., Poliakov, A.N.B., and Dagnières, M., 1999, Do faults trigger folding in the lithosphere?: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 2, p. 271-274, doi: 10.1029/1998GL900293. (Pubitemid 29285674)
38. Gerya, T.V., Maresch, W.V., Willner, A.P., Van Reenen, D.D., and Smit, C.A., 2001, Inherent gravitational instability of thickened continental crust regionally developed low- to medium-pressure granulite facies metamorphism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 190, p. 221-235, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00394-6. (Pubitemid 32792291)
39. Guillou-Frottier, L., Burov, E.B., and Milési, J.P., 2000, On the genetic links between epithermal ore deposits and ash flow calderas: Journal of Volcanology, v. 102, p. 339-361, doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00246-8. (Pubitemid 32166123)
40. Harms, T.A., and Price, R.A., 1983, The Newport fault, Eocene crustal stretching, necking and listric normal faulting in northeast Washington and northwest Idaho: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15, p. 309.
41. Hauser, E., Potter, C., Hauge, T., Burgess, S., Burtch, S., Murtschler, J., Allmendinger, R., Brown, L., Kaufman, S., and Oliver, J., 1987, Crustal structure of eastern Nevada from COCORP deep seismic reflection data: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 833-844.
42. Herren, E., 1987, Zanskar shear zone: Northeast-southwest extension within the higher Himalayas (Ladakh, India): Geology, v. 15, p. 409-413.
43. Jolivet, L., 2001, A comparison of geodetic and finite strain in the Aegean, geodynamic implications: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 187, p. 95-104, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00277-1. (Pubitemid 32473790)
44. Jolivet, L., Faccenna, C., Goffé, B., Mattei, M., Rossetti, F., Brunet, C., Storti, F., Funiciello, R., Cadet, J.P., d'Agostino, N., and Parra, T., 1998, Midcrustal shear zones in postorogenic extension: Example from the northern Tyrrhenian Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 103, no. 6, p. 12,123-12,160, doi: 10.1029/97JB03616.
45. Jones, K.A., and Brown, M., 1990, High-temperature "clockwise" P-T paths and melting in the development of regional migmatites: An example from southern Brittany, France: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 8, p. 551-578.
46. Kirby, S.H., and Kronenberg, A.K., 1987, Rheology of the Lithosphere: Selected Topics: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1219-1244.
47. Lavier, L.L., Buck, W.R., and Poliakov, A.N.B., 1999, Self-consistent rollinghinge model for the evolution of large-offset low-angle normal faults: Geology, v. 27, p. 1127-1130, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)0272.3.CO;2.
48. Lavier, L.L., Buck, W.R., and Poliakov, A.N.B., 2000, Factors controlling normal fault offset in an ideal brittle layer: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 105, no. 10, p. 23,431-23,442, doi: 10.1029/2000JB900108.
49. Lefort, J.-P., Cuney, M., Deniel, C., France-Lanord, C., Shepard, S.M.F., Upreti, B.N., and Vidal, P., 1987, Crustal generation of the Himalayan leucogranites: Tectonophysics, v. 134, p. 39-57, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(87) 90248-4.
50. Lister, G.S., and Baldwin, S.L., 1993, Plutonism and the origin of metamorphic core complexes: Geology, v. 21, p. 607-610, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)0212.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 23394538)
51. Lister, G.S., Banga, G., and Feenstra, A., 1984, Metamorphic core complexes of Cordilleran type in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece: Geology, v. 12, p. 221-225.
52. Lister, G.S., and Davis, G.A., 1989, The origin of metamorphic core complexes and detachment faults formed during Tertiary continental extension in the northern Colorado River region, USA: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 11, p. 65-94, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(89)90036-9.
53. Makris, J., 1978, The crust and upper mantle of the Aegean region from deep seismic soundings: Tectonophysics, v. 46, p. 269-284, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(78)90207-X.
54. Malavieille, J., Guillot, P., Costa, S., Lardeaux, J.M., and Gardien, V., 1990, Collapse of the thickened Variscan crust in the French Massif Central: Mount Pilat extensional shear zone and St-Etienne late Carboniferous basin: Tectonophysics, v. 177, p. 139-149, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(90)90278-G.
55. McKenzie, D., Nimmo, F., Jackson, J.A., Gans, P.B., and Miller, E.L., 2000, Characteristics and consequences of flow in the lower crust: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 105, no. 5, p. 11,029-11,046, doi: 10.1029/1999JB900446.
56. Miller, F.K., 1971, The Newport fault and associated mylonites, northeastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 750D, p. D77-D79.
57. Norlander, B.H., Whitney, D.L., Teyssier, C., and Vanderhaeghe, O., 2002, Partial melting and decompression of the Thor-Odin dome, Shuswap meta-morphic core complex, Canadian Cordillera: Lithos, v. 61, p. 103-125, doi: 10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00075-0. (Pubitemid 34577654)
58. Norton, M.G., 1986, Late Caledonides extension in western Norway: A response to extreme crustal thickening: Tectonics, v. 5, p. 195-204.
59. Oldow, J.S., Bally, A.W., Avé Lallemant, H.G., and Leeman, W.P., 1989, Phanerozoic evolution of the North American Cordillera; United States and Canada, in Bally, A.W., and Palmer, A.R., eds., The Geology of North America - An overview: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. A, p. 139-232.
60. Oxburg, E.R., and Turcotte, D., 1974, Thermal gradients and regional metamorphism in overthrust terrains with special reference to eastern Alps: Schweizerische Mineralogische Petrographische Mitteilungen, v. 54, p. 641-662.
61. Poliakov, A.N.B., Cundall, P., Podladchikov, Y., and Laykhovsky, V., 1993, An explicit inertial method for the simulation of visco-elastic flow: An evaluation of elastic effects on diapiric flow in two and three-layers models, in Stone, D.B., and Runcorn, S.K., eds., Flow and Creep in the Solar System: Observations, Modelling and Theory, Dynamic Modelling and Flow in the Earth and Planets Series: Holland, Kluwer, p. 175-195. (Pubitemid 23391329)
62. Ramberg, H., 1981, Gravity, Deformation and Earth's crust, second edition: London, Academic Press, 452 p.
63. Ramsay, J.G., 1967, Folding and fracturing of rocks: New York, McGraw-Hill, 568 p.
64. Ranalli, G., 1997, Rheology of the lithosphere in space and time, in Burg, J. P., and Ford, M., eds., Orogeny through Time: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 121, p. 19-37.
65. Ranalli, G., and Murphy, D.C., 1987, Rheological stratification of the lithosphere: Tectonophysics, v. 132, no. 4, p. 281-295, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90348-9.
66. Ratschbacher, L., Frisch, W., Neubauer, F., Schmid, S.M., and Neugebauer, F., 1989, Extension in compressional orogenic belts: The Eastern Alps: Geology, v. 17, p. 404-407, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)0172.3.CO;2.
67. Rehrig, W.A., 1986, Processes of regional Tertiary extension in the western Cordillera: Insights from the metamorphic core complexes: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 208, p. 97-122.
68. Rehrig, W.A., and Reynolds, S.J., 1980, Geologic and geochronologic reconnaissance of a northwest-trending zone of metamorphic core complexes in southern and western Arizona, in Crittenden, M.C., Coney, P.J., and Davis, G.H., eds., Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 153, p. 159-175.
69. Reinhardt, J., and Kleemann, U., 1994, Extensional unroofing of granulitic lower crust and related low-pressure, high-temperature metamorphism in the Saxonian Granulite Massif, Germany: Tectonophysics, v. 238, p. 71-94, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(94)90050-7.
70. Rey, P., Vanderhaeghe, O., and Teyssier, C., 2001, Gravitational collapse of the continental crust: Definition, regimes and modes: Tectonophysics, v. 342, p. 435-449. (Pubitemid 34077999)
71. Reynolds, S.J., and Rehrig, W.A., 1980, Mid-Tertiary plutonism and mylonitization, South Mountains, central Arizona, in Crittenden, M. C., Coney, P.J., and Davis, G.H., eds., Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Memoir 153, p. 131-158.
72. Rietbrock, A., Tiberi, C., Scerbaum, F., and Lyon-Caen, H., 1996, Seismic slip on a low angle normal fault in the Gulf of Corinth: Evidence from highresolution cluster analysis of microearthquakes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, p. 1817-1820, doi: 10.1029/96GL01257.
73. Roman-Berdiel, T., Gapais, D., and Brun, J.-P., 1995, Analogue models of laccolith formation: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 17, no. 9, p. 1337-1346, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(95)00012-3. (Pubitemid 26456359)
74. Royden, L.H., and Burchfield, B.C., 1987, Thin-skinned N-S extension within the convergent Himalayan region: gravitational collapse of a Miocene topographic front, in Coward, M.P., Dewey, J.F., and Hancock, P.L., eds., Continental Extensional Tectonics: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 28, p. 611-619.
75. Sachpazi, M., Hirn, A., Nercessian, A., Avedik, F., Mc Bride, J., Loucoyannakis, M., and Nicolich, R., 1997, A first coincident normal-incidence and wide-angle approach to studying the extending Aegean crust: Tectonophysics, v. 270, p. 301-312, doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00160-6.
76. Scaillet, B., Pêcher, A., Rochette, P., and Champenois, M., 1995, The Gangotri granite (Garhwal Himalaya): Laccolithic emplacement in an extending collisional belt: Journal of Geophysical Research, B, Solid Earth and Planets, v. 100, p. 585-607, doi: 10.1029/94JB01664.
77. Schuilling, R., 1960, Le dome gneissique de l'Agout (Tarn et Hérault): Mémoires de la Societé Géologique, 91 p.
78. Scott, R.J., and Lister, G.S., 1995, Analogue modeling of detachment fault systems and core complexes: Comment: Geology, v. 23, p. 287-288, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)0232.3.CO;2.
79. Seranne, M., and Seguret, M., 1987, The Devonian basins of western Norway: Tectonics and kinematics of an extending crust, in Coward, M.P., Dewey, J.F., and Hancock, P.L., eds., Continental Extensional Tectonics: London, Geological Society Special Publication 28, p. 537-548.
80. Sonder, L.J., England, P.C., Wernicke, B.P., and Christiansen, R.L., 1987, A physical model for Cenozoic extension of western North America, in Coward, M.P., Dewey, J.F., and Hancock, P.L., eds., Continental Extensional Tectonics: London, Geological Society Special Publication 28, p. 187-201.
81. Spencer, J.E., 1984, The role of tectonic denudation in the warping and uplift of low-angle normal faults: Geology, v. 12, p. 95-98.
82. Starkey, J., 1979, Petrofabric analysis of Saxony Granulites by optical and Xray diffraction methods: Tectonophysics, v. 58, p. 201-219, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(79)90329-9.
83. Thompson, P.H., and Bard, J.P., 1982, Isograds and mineral assemblages in the eastern axial zone, Montagne Noire (France): Implications for temperature gradients and P-T history: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 19, p. 129-143.
84. Turcotte, D.L., and Schubert, G., 1982, Geodynamics. Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems: New York, John Wiley & Sons, 450 p.
85. Van Den Driessche, J., and Brun, J.-P., 1989, Un modèle cinématique de l'extension paléozoique supérieure dans le sud du Massif Central: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, v. 309, no. 2, p. 1607-1613.
86. Van Den Driessche, J., and Brun, J.-P., 1991, Tectonic evolution of the Montagne Noire (French Massif Central): A model of extensional gneiss dome: Geodinamica Acta, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 85-99. (Pubitemid 23389410)
87. Vanderhaeghe, O., Burg, J.P., and Teyssier, C., 1999, Exhumation of migmatites in two collapsed orogens: Canadian Cordillera and French Variscides, in Ring, U., Brandon, M.T., Lister, G.S., and Willett, S.D., eds., Exhumation Processes: Normal Faulting, Ductile Flow and Erosion.: London, Geological Society of London Special Publication 154, p. 181-204. (Pubitemid 30025149)
88. Wdowinski, S., and Axen, G.J., 1992, Isostatic rebound due to tectonic denudation: A viscous flow model of a layered lithosphere: Tectonics, v. 11, no. 2, p. 303-315.
89. Wernicke, B., 1981, Low-angle normal faults in the Basin and Range Province: Nappe tectonics in an extending orogen: Nature, v. 291, p. 645-648. (Pubitemid 12278339)
90. Wernicke, B., 1985, Uniform-sense normal simple shear of the continental lithosphere: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 22, p. 108-125.
91. Wernicke, B., and Axen, G.J., 1988, On the role of isostasy in the evolution of normal fault systems: Geology, v. 16, p. 848-851, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)0162.3.CO;2.