Effects of interfacial energy on compaction creep by intergranular pressure solution: Theory versus experiments on a rock analog (NaNO3)

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 117, Issue 11, 2012, Pages

  Visser, H J M ^a,b   Spiers, C J ^a   Hangx, S J T ^a,c  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b TNO   (Netherlands)

^c SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL B V   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPACTION; CREEP; ENERGY; FAULT GOUGE; FINE GRAINED SEDIMENT; GRAIN SIZE; LITHIFICATION; PRESSURE SOLUTION; ROCK; STRAIN RATE; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 84870560940     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2012JB009590     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Bos, B., and C. J. Spiers (2001), Experimental investigation into the microstructuraland mechanical evolution of phyllosilicate-bearing fault rockunder conditions favouring pressure solution, J. Struct. Geol., 23(8),1187-1202, doi:10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00184-X. (Pubitemid 32533531)
2. Bos, B., and C. J. Spiers (2002), Fluid-assisted healing processes in gougebearingfaults: Insights from experiments on a rock analogue system,Pure Appl. Geophys., 159, 2537-2566, doi:10.1007/s00024-002-8747-2.
3. Bulau, J. R., H. S. Waff, and J. A. Tyburczy (1979), Mechanical and thermodynamicconstraints on fluid distribution in partial melts, J. Geophys.Res., 84(B11), 6102-6108, doi:10.1029/JB084iB11p06102.
4. Coble, R. L. (1967), Mechanisms of densification during hot pressing, inSintering and Related Phenomena, edited by G. C. Kuczynski et al.,pp. 329-350, Gordon and Breach, New York.
5. Coble, R. L. (1970), Diffusion models for hot pressing with surface energyand pressure effects as driving forces, J. Appl. Phys., 41, 4798,doi:10.1063/1.1658543.
6. de Meer, S., and C. J. Spiers (1995), Creep of wet gypsum aggregates underhydrostatic loading conditions, Tectonophysics, 245, 171-183,doi:10.1016/ 0040-1951(94)00233-Y.
7. de Meer, S., and C. J. Spiers (1997), Uniaxial compaction of wet gypsumaggregates, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 875-891, doi:10.1029/96JB02481.
8. de Meer, S., et al. (2002), Diffusive properties of fluid-filled grain boundariesmeasured electrically during active pressure solution, Earth Planet.Sci. Lett., 200(1-2), 147-157, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00585-X. (Pubitemid 34735897)
9. den Brok, B., et al. (1999), Pressure solution compaction of sodium chlorateand implications for pressure solution in NaCl, Tectonophysics, 307(3-4),297-312, doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00103-1. (Pubitemid 29494332)
10. Dewhurst, D. N., and R. M. Jones (2002), Geomechanical, microstructural,and petrophysical evolution in experimentally reactivated cataclasites:Applications to fault seal prediction, AAPG Bull., 86(8), 1383-1405.
11. Dzerhakhov, N., et al. (1986), Determination of surface energies of carbonateswith a calcite structure, God. Vissh. Minno-Geol. Inst., Sofiya, 31,201-206.
12. Elsworth, D., and H. Yasuhara (2006), Short-timescale chemo-mechanicaleffects and their influence on the transport properties of fractured rock,Pure Appl. Geophys., 163, 2051-2070, doi:10.1007/s00024-006-0113- 3. (Pubitemid 44755985)
13. Evans, B. E., et al. (2001), A few remarks on the kinetics of static graingrowth in rocks, Int. J. Earth Sci., 90(1), 88-103, doi:10.1007/ s005310000150. (Pubitemid 32644120)
14. Faul, U. H. (1997), Permeability of partially molten upper mantle rocksfrom experiments and percolation theory, J. Geophys. Res., 102(B5),10,299-10,311, doi:10.1029/96JB03460.
15. Fisher, Q. J., and R. J. Knipe (1998), Fault sealing processes in siliciclasticsediments, in Faulting, Fault Sealing and Fluid Flow in HydrocarbonReservoirs, edited by G. Jones, Q. J. Fisher, and R. J. Knipe, Geol. Soc.Spec. Publ., 147, 117-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.147.01.08.
16. German, R. M. (1985), Liquid Phase Sintering, Plenum, New York.
17. Gibbs, J. W. (1878), On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances,Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., 3, 343-524.
18. Gratier, J.-P., R. Guiguet, F. Renard, L. Jenatton, and D. Bernard (2009), Apressure solution creep law for quartz from indentation experiments, J.Geophys. Res., 114, B03403, doi:10.1029/2008JB005652.
19. Green, H. W., II (1984), "Pressure solution" creep: Some causes andmechanisms, J. Geophys. Res., 89(B6), 4313-4318, doi:10.1029/ JB089iB06p04313.
20. Gundersen, E., F. Renard, D. K. Dysthe, K. Bjørlykke, and B. Jamtveit(2002), Coupling between pressure solution creep and diffusive masstransport in porous rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B11), 2317, doi:10.1029/2001JB000287.
21. Hay, R. S., and B. Evans (1988), Intergranular distribution of pore fluid andthe nature of high angle grain boundaries in limestone and marble, J.Geophys. Res., 93(B8), 8959-8974, doi:10.1029/JB093iB08p08959.
22. Heidug, W. K. (1991), A thermodynamic analysis of the conditions of equilibriumat non-hydrostatically stressed and curved solid-fluid interfaces,J. Geophys. Res., 96(B13), 21,909-21,921, doi:10.1029/91JB02173.
23. Hickman, S. H., and B. Evans (1991), Experimental pressure solution inhalite: The effect of grain/interphase boundary structure, J. Geol. Soc.,148, 549-560, doi:10.1144/gsjgs.148.3.0549.
24. Hiraga, T., et al. (2002), Interfacial energies for quartz and albite in peliticschist, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 143(6), 664-672, doi:10.1007/s00410- 002-0375-4. (Pubitemid 36049072)
25. Jefferies, S. P., et al. (2006), Origin and mechanical significance of foliatedcataclastic rocks in the cores of crustal-scale faults: Examples from theMedian Tectonic Line, Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B12303,doi:10.1029/ 2005JB004205. (Pubitemid 47248750)
26. Jurewicz, S. R., and E. B. Watson (1985), The distribution of a partial meltin a granitic system: The application of liquid sintering theory, Geochim.Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1109-1121, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90002-X.
27. Keulen, N., H. Stünitz, and R. Heilbronner (2008), Healing microstructuresof experimental and natural fault gouge, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B06205,doi:10.1029/2007JB005039.
28. Koelemeijer, P. J., C. J. Peach, and C. J. Spiers (2012), Surface diffusivityof cleaved NaCl crystals as a function of humidity: Impedance spectroscopymeasurements and implications for crack healing in rock salt, J.Geophys. Res., 117, B01205, doi:10.1029/2011JB008627.
29. Lehner, F. K. (1990), Thermodynamics of rock deformation by pressuresolution, in Deformation Processes in Minerals Ceramics and Rocks,edited by D. J. Barber and P. G. Meredith, pp. 296-333, UnwinHyman, London.
30. Lehner, F. K. (1995), A model for intergranular pressure solution in opensystems, Tectonophysics, 246, 153-170, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(94)00232-X. (Pubitemid 26455658)
31. Lehner, F. K., and J. Bataille (1984), Non-equilibrium thermodynamics ofpressure solution, Pure Appl. Geophys., 122, 53-85, doi:10.1007/BF00879649.
32. Morrow, C. A., and J. D. Byerlee (1989), Experimental studies of compactionand dilatancy during frictional sliding on faults containing gouge, J.Struct. Geol., 11(7), 815-825, doi:10.1016/0191-8141(89)90100-4.
33. Niemeijer, A. R., et al. (2002), Compaction creep of quartz sand at 400-600°C: Experimental evidence for dissolution-controlled pressure solution,Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 195(3-4), 261-275, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01) 00593-3. (Pubitemid 34294717)
34. Niemeijer, A., C. Marone, and D. Elsworth (2008), Healing of simulatedfault gouges aided by pressure solution: Results from rock analogueexperiments, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B04204, doi:10.1029/2007JB005376.
35. Niemeijer, A., C. Marone, and D. Elsworth (2010), Frictional strength andstrain weakening in simulated fault gouge: Competition between geometricalweakening and chemical strengthening, J. Geophys. Res., 115,B10207, doi:10.1029/2009JB000838.
36. Olgaard, D. L., and B. Evans (1988), Grain growth in synthetic marbleswith added mica and water, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 100(2), 246-260,doi:10.1007/BF00373591.
37. Pharr, G. M., and M. F. Ashby (1983), On creep enhanced by a liquidphase, Acta Metall., 31, 129-138, doi:10.1016/0001-6160(83)90072-X. (Pubitemid 13459982)
38. Raj, R. (1982), Creep in polycrystalline aggregates by matter transportthrough a liquid phase, J. Geophys. Res., 87(B6), 4731-4739, doi:10.1029/JB087iB06p04731.
39. Raj, R., and C. K. Chyung (1981), Solution-precipitation creep in glass ceramics,Acta Metall., 29, 159-166, doi:10.1016/0001-6160(81)90096-1. (Pubitemid 11467256)
40. Ravikiran, J. (1995), Effect of speed and pressure on dry sliding interactionsof alumina against steel, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 78(2), 356-364,doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1995.tb08808.x.
41. Renard, F., et al. (1999), An integrated model for transitional pressure solutionin sandstones, Tectonophysics, 312, 97-115, doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(99) 00202-4. (Pubitemid 30119110)
42. Revil, A. (2001), Pervasive pressure solution transfer in a quartz sand, J.Geophys. Res., 106(B5), 8665-8686, doi:10.1029/2000JB900465.
43. Revil, A., P. Leroy, A. Ghorbani, N. Florsch, and A. R. Niemeijer (2006),Compaction of quartz sands by pressure solution using a Cole-Cole distributionof relaxation times, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B09205, doi:10.1029/2005JB004151. (Pubitemid 46991438)
44. Robin, P. Y. F. (1978), Pressure solution at grain contacts, Geochim. Cosmochim.Acta, 42, 1383-1389, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(78)90043-1.
45. Rutter, E. H. (1976), The kinetics of rock deformation by pressure solution,Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 283, 203-219, doi:10.1098/rsta.1976.0079.
46. Spiers, C. J., and R. H. Brzesowsky (1993), Densification behaviour of wetgranular salt: Theory versus experiment, in Seventh Symposium on Salt, vol. 1, edited by H. Kakihana et al., pp. 83-92, Elsevier Sci., Amsterdam.
47. Spiers, C. J., and P. M. T. M. Schutjens (1990), Densification of crystallineaggregates by fluid phase diffusional creep, in Deformation Processes inMinerals, Ceramics and Rocks, edited by D. J. Barber and P. G. Meredith,pp. 334-353, Unwin Hyman, London.
48. Spiers, C. J., and P. M. T. M. Schutjens (1999), Intergranular pressure solutionin NaCl: Grain-to-grain contact experiments under the optical microscope,Oil Gas Sci. Technol., 54(6), 729-750. (Pubitemid 30577138)
49. Spiers, C. J. et al. (1990), Experimental determination of constitutiveparameters governing creep of rocksalt by pressure solution, in DeformationMechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics, edited by R. J. Knipeand E. H. Rutter, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 54, 215-227, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.054.01.21.
50. Spiers, C. J. et al. (2004), Kinetics of rock deformation by pressure solutionand the role of thin aqueous films, in Physicochemistry of Waterin Geological and Biological Systems, edited by S. Nakashima et al.,pp. 129-158, Universal Acad. Press, Tokyo.
51. Tenthorey, E., et al. (2003), Evolution of strength recovery and permeabilityduring fluid-rock reaction in experimental fault zones, Earth Planet.Sci. Lett., 206(1-2), 161-172, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)01082-8. (Pubitemid 36137965)
52. van Noort, R., C. J. Spiers, and G. M. Pennock (2008a), Compaction of granularquartz under hydrothermal conditions: Controlling mechanisms andgrain boundary processes, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B12206, doi:10.1029/2008JB005815.
53. van Noort, R., H. J. M. Visser, and C. J. Spiers (2008b), Influence of grainboundary structure on dissolution controlled pressure solution and retardingeffects of grain boundary healing, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B03201,doi:10.1029/2007JB005223.
54. van Noort, R., et al. (2011), Structure and properties of loaded silica contactsduring pressure solution: Impedance spectroscopy measurementsunder hydrothermal conditions, Phys. Chem. Miner., 38(7), 501-516,doi:10.1007/s00269- 011-0423-6.
55. Visser, H. J. M. (1999), Mass transfer processes in crystalline aggregatescontaining a fluid phase, PhD thesis, Utrecht Univ., Utrecht, Netherlands.
56. Watanabe, T., and C. J. Peach (2002), Electrical impedance measurement ofplastically deforming halite rocks at 125°C and 50 MPa, J. Geophys. Res.,107(B1), 2004, doi:10.1029/2001JB000204.
57. Watson, E. B., and J. M. Brenan (1987), Fluids in the lithosphere 1. Experimentally determined wetting characteristics of CO2-H2O fluidsand the implications for fluid transport, host-rock physical propertiesand fluid inclusions formation, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 85, 497-515,doi:10.1016/0012- 821X(87)90144-0.
58. Wibberley, C. A. J., and T. Shimamoto (2003), Internal structure and permeabilityof major strike-slip fault zones: The median tectonic line inMie prefecture, southwest Japan, J. Struct. Geol., 25(1), 59-78,doi:10.1016/S0191- 8141(02)00014-7. (Pubitemid 35250250)
59. Yasuhara, H., C. Marone, and D. Elsworth (2005), Fault zone restrengtheningand frictional healing: The role of pressure solution, J. Geophys. Res.,110, B06310, doi:10.1029/2004JB003327. (Pubitemid 41282972)
60. Zhang, X., and C. J. Spiers (2005), Compaction of granular calcite by pressuresolution at room temperature and effects of pore fluid chemistry, Int.J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 42, 950-960, doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.05.017. (Pubitemid 41472331)
61. Zhang, X. et al. (2002), Compaction experiments on wet calcite powder atroom temperature: Evidence for operation of intergranular pressure solution,in Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: Current Statusand Future Perspectives, edited by S. De Meer et al., Geol. Soc. Spec.Publ., 200, 29-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.200.01.02.
62. Zhang, X., C. J. Spiers, and C. J. Peach (2010), Compaction creep of wetgranular calcite by pressure solution at 28°C to 150°C, J. Geophys.Res., 115, B09217, doi:10.1029/2008JB005853.