Geographic differences in fractures among women

Women's Health

Volumn 8, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 673-684

  Litwic, Anna ^a   Edwards, Mark ^a   Cooper, Cyrus ^a,b   Dennison, Elaine ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^c VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

epidemiology; fracture; geographic; osteoporosis; variation; women

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; AGE; ASIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; EUROPE; FEMALE; FRACTURE; FRAGILITY FRACTURE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HIP FRACTURE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NORTH AMERICA; OSTEOPOROSIS; PACIFIC ISLANDS; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOUTH AMERICA; SPINE FRACTURE; WRIST FRACTURE;

ACCIDENTAL FALLS; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; ASIAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; SPINAL FRACTURES; SUNLIGHT; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 84870401668     PISSN: 17455057     EISSN: 17455065     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/whe.12.54     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Consensus Development Conference: diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Am. J. Med. 94, 646-650 (1993).
2. Barlow DH. Advisory Group on Osteoporosis Report. Department of Health, London, UK. (1994).
3. WHO. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: report of a WHO study group. WHO Technical Report Series 843, 1-130 (1994).
4. Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C et al. Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos. Int. 22, 2395-2411 (2011).
5. Bone Health and Osteoporosis: A Report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA (2004).
6. van Staa TP, Dennison EM, Leufkens HG, Cooper C. Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales. Bone 29, 517-522 (2001). (Pubitemid 33124293)
7. Melton LJ. How many women have osteoporosis now? J. Bone Miner. Res. 10, 175-177 (1995).
8. Harvey N, Dennison E, Cooper C. Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures. In: Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism (7th Edition). Rosen CJ, Compston JE, Lian JB (Eds). American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, WA, USA, 198-203 (2008).
9. Gallagher JC, Melton LJ, Riggs BL, Bergstrath E. Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal femur in Rochester, Minnesota. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 150, 163-171 (1980). (Pubitemid 10039047)
10. Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ. Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. Osteoporos. Int. 2, 285-289 (1992).
11. Melton LJ. Epidemiology of fractures. In: Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Riggs BL, Melton LJ III (Eds). Raven Press, NY, USA, 133-154 (1988).
12. Nevitt MC, Cummings SR. Type of fall and risk of hip and wrist fractures: the study of osteoporotic fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 41, 1226-1234 (1993).
13. Gibson MJ. The prevention of falls in later life. Dan. Med. Bull. 34, 1-24 (1987).
14. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ. The incidence of clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985-1989. J. Bone Miner. Res. 3, 515-518 (1992).
15. Melton LJ, Cooper C. Magnitude and impact of osteoporotic fractures. In: Osteoporosis (2nd Edition). Marcus R, Feldman D, Kelsey J (Eds). Academic Press, London, UK, 557-567 (2001).
16. Grados F, Marcelli C, Dargent-Molina P et al. Prevalence of vertebral fractures in French women older than 75 years from the EPIDOS study. Bone 34, 362-367 (2004). (Pubitemid 38177618)
17. Seeley DG, Browner WS, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, Scott JC, Cummings SR. Which fractures are associated with low appendicular bone mass in elderly women? The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann. Intern. Med. 115, 837-842 (1991).
18. Buhr AJ, Cooke AM. Fracture patterns. Lancet 1, 531-536 (1959).
19. Baudoin C, Fardellone P, Bean K, Ostertag- Ezembe A, Hervy F. Clinical outcomes and mortality after hip fracture: a 2-year follow-up study. Bone 18, 149-157 (1996). (Pubitemid 26118134)
20. Chrischilles EA, Butler CD, Davis CS, Wallace RB. A model of lifetime osteoporosis impact. Arch. Intern. Med. 151, 2026-2032 (1991).
21. Poor G, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Predictors of hip fractures in elderly men. J. Bone Miner. Res. 10, 1900-1907 (1995).
22. 'Neill TW, Cockerill W, Matthis C et al. Back pain, disability, and radiographic vertebral fracture in European women: a prospective study. Osteoporos. Int. 15, 760-765 (2004). (Pubitemid 39222660)
23. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Jacobsen SJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Population-based study of survival after osteoporotic fractures. Am. J. Epidemiol. 137, 1001-1005 (1993).
24. Hershkovitz A, Polatov I, Beloosesky Y, Brill S. Factors affecting mortality of frail hip-fractured elderly patients. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 51, 113-116 (2010).
25. Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of the United States. Hip fracture outcomes in people aged fifty and over: mortality, service use, expenditures, and long-term functional impairment. US Department of Commerce, WA, USA (1993).
26. Bliuc D, Nguyen ND, Milch VE, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Center Jr. Mortality risk associated with low-trauma osteoporotic fracture and subsequent fracture in men and women. JAMA 310, 513-521 (2009).
27. Sernbo I, Johnell O. Consequences of a hip fracture: a prospective study over 1 year Ostoeporos. Int. 3, 148-153 (1993). (Pubitemid 23125376)
28. Hagino H, Yamamoto K, Teshima R, Kishimoto H, Kuranobu K, Nakamura T. The incidence of fractures of the proximal femur and distal radius in Tottori Prefecture Japan. Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 109, 43-44 (1990).
29. Yan L, Zhou B, Prentice A, Wang X, Golden MH. Epidemiological study of hip fracture in Shenyang, People's Republic China. Bone 24, 151-155 (1999).
30. Memon A, Pospula WM, Tantawy AY, Abdul-Ghafar S, Suresh A, Al-Rowaih A. Incidence of hip fracture in Kuwait. Int. J. Epidemiol. 27, 860-865 (1998).
31. Solomon L. Osteoporosis and fracture of femoral neck in the South African Bantu. J. Bone Joint Surg. 50, 2-13 (1968).
32. Johnell O, Gullberg B, Kanis JA. The hospital burden of vertebral fracture in Europe: a study of national register sources. Osteoporos. Int. 7, 138-144 (1997).
33. Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O et al. The burden of osteoporotic fractures: a method for setting intervention thresholds. Osteoporos. Int. 12, 417-427 (2001).
34. Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Jonsson B, de Laet C, Dawson A. International variations in hip fracture probabilities: implications for risk assessment. J. Bone Miner. Res. 17, 1237-1244 (2002).
35. Kanis JA, Oden A, McCloskey EV et al. A systematic review of hip fracture incidence and probability of fracture worldwide. Osteoporos. Int. 23(9), 2239-2256 (2012).
36. Cooper C, Cole ZA, Holroyd CR et al. Secular trends in the incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos. Int. 22, 1277-1288 (2011).
37. Johnell O, Gullberg B, Allander E, Kanis JA. The apparent incidence of hip fracture in Europe: a study of national register sources. MEDOS Study Group. Osteoporos. Int. 2, 285-289 (1992).
38. Ho SC, Bacon WE, Harris T, Looker A, Maggi S. Hip fracture rates in Hong Kong and the United States, 1988 through 1989. Am. J. Public Health 83, 694-697 (1993). (Pubitemid 23142998)
39. Melton LJ, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Secular trends in the incidence of hip fractures. Calcif. Tissue Int. 41, 57-64 (1987).
40. Melton LJ, Kearns AE, Atkinson EJ et al. Secular trends in hip fracture incidence and recurrence. Osteoporos. Int. 20(5), 687-694 (2009).
41. Brauer CA, Perraillon MC, Cutler DM, Rosen AB. Incidence and mortality of hip fractures in the United States. JAMA 302, 1573-1579 (2009).
42. Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Miles TP, Brody JA, Stiers W, Rimm AA. Regional variation in the incidence of hip fracture. JAMA 264, 500-502 (1990).
43. Zingmond DS, Melton LJ, Silverman SL. Increasing hip fracture incidence in California Hispanics, 1983 to 2000. Osteoporos. Int. 15, 603-610 (2004).
44. Samelson EJ, Zhang Y, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Felson DT. Effect of birth cohort on risk of hip fracture: age-specific incidence rates in the Framington Study. Am. J. Public Health 92, 858-862 (2002). (Pubitemid 34441644)
45. Evans JG, Seagroatt V, Goldacre MJ. Secular trends in proximal femoral fracture, Oxford record linkage study area and England 1968-86. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 51, 424-429 (1997).
46. Kannus P, Niemi S, Parkkari J, Palvanen M, Vuori I, Järvinen M. Hip fractures in Finland between 1970 and 1997 and predictions for the future. Lancet 353, 802-805 (1999). (Pubitemid 29110406)
47. Melton LJ, Amadio PC, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM. Long-term trends in the incidence of distal forearm fractures. Osteoporos. Int. 8, 341-348 (1998).
48. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Kotowicz M, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Secular trends in the incidence of postmenopausal vertebral fractures. Calcif. Tissue Int. 51, 100-104 (1992).
49. Leslie WD, O'Donnell S, Lagace C et al. Population-based Canadian hip fracture rates with international comparisons. Osteoporos. Int. 21, 1317-1322 (2010).
50. Jaglal SB, Sherry PG, Schatzker J. The impact and consequences of hip fracture in Ontario. Can. J. Surg. 39, 105-111 (1996).
51. Levy AR, Mayo NE, Grimard G. Rates of transcervical and pertrochanteric hip fractures in the province of Quebec, Canada, 1981-1992. Am. J. Epidemiol. 142, 428-436 (1995).
52. Reira-Espinoza G. Epidemiology of osteoporosis in Latin America 2008. Salud Publica Mex. 51, 52-55 (2009).
53. Johansson H, Clark P, Carlos F, Oden A, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA. Increasing age and sex specific rates of hip fracture in Mexico: a survey of the Mexican institute of social security. Osteoporos. Int. 22, 2359-2364 (2010).
54. Bagur A, Mautalen C, Rubin Z. Epidemiology of hip fractures in an urban population of central Argentina. Osteoporos. Int. 4, 332-335 (1994).
55. Mosquera MT, Maurel DL, Pavon S, Arregui A, Moreno C, Vázquez J. [Incidence and risk factors in fractures of the proximal femur due to osteoporosis]. Rev. Panam. Salud Pública 3, 211-219 (1998).
56. Morosano M, Masoni A, Sanchez A. Incidence of hip fractures in the city of Rosario, Argentina. Osteoporos. Int. 16, 1339-1344 (2005). (Pubitemid 41532086)
57. Wittich A, Bagur A, Mautalen C et al. Epidemiology of hip fracture in Tucuman, Argentina. Osteoporos. Int. 21, 1803-1807 (2010).
58. Oliveri B, Plantalech L, Bagur A et al. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy elderly people living at home in Argentina. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 58, 337-342 (2004).
59. Parfitt AM, Gallagher JC, Heaney RP, Johnston CC, Neer R, Whedon GD. Vitamin D and bone health in the elderly. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36, 1014-1031 (1982).
60. Pfeifer M, Minne HW. Vitamin D and hip fracture. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 10, 417-420 (1999).
61. Finsen V, Benum P. Changing incidence of hip fractures in rural and urban areas of central Norway. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 218, 104-110 (1987).
62. Jónsson B, Gärdsell P, Johnell O, Redlund- Johnell I, Sernbo I. Differences in fracture pattern between an urban and a rural population: a comparative population-based study southern Sweden. Osteoporos. Int. 2, 269-273 (1992).
63. Arden N, Cooper C. Present and future of osteoporosis: epidemiology. In: Osteoporosis: Diagnosis and Management. Meunier PJ (Ed.). Mosby/Martin Dunitz, London, UK, 1-16 (1998).
64. Lofthus CM, Osnes EK, Falch JA et al. Epidemiology of hip fractures in Oslo, Norway. Bone 29, 413-418 (2001).
65. Lunt M, Felsenberg D, Adams J et al. Population-based geographic variations in DXA bone density in Europe: the EVOS Study. European Vertebral Osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 7, 175-189 (1997).
66. Finsen V, Johnsen LG, Tranø G, Hansen B, Sneve KS. Hip fracture incidence in central Norway: a followup study. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 419, 173-178 (2004).
67. Zain Elabdien BS, Olerud S, Karlstrom G, Smedby B. Rising incidence of hip fracture in Uppsala, 1965-1980. Acta Orthop. Scand. 55, 284-289 (1984). (Pubitemid 14077597)
68. Sernbo I, Gullberg B, Johnell O. Hip fracture in Malmo over three decades. Bone 14, 19-22 (1993).
69. Rogmark C, Sernbo I, Johnell O, Nilsson JA. Incidence of hip fractures in Malmo, Sweden, 1992-1995. A trend-break. Acta Orthop. Scand. 70, 19-22 (1999). (Pubitemid 29119113)
70. Giversen IM. Time trends of age-adjusted incidence rates of first hip fractures: a register-based study among older people in Viborg County, Denmark, 1987-1997. Osteoporos. Int. 17, 552-564 (2006).
71. Kannus P, Niemi S, Parkkari J, Palvanen M, Vuori I, Jarvinen M. Hip fractures in Finland between 1970 and 1997 and predictions for the future. Lancet 353, 802-805 (1999). (Pubitemid 29110406)
72. Agnusdei D, Camporeale A, Gerardi D, Rossi S, Bocchi L, Gennari C. Trends in the incidence of hip fracture in Siena, Italy, from 1980 to 1991. Bone 14, 31-34 (1993).
73. Hernandez JL, Olmos JM, Alonso MA et al. Trend in hip fracture epidemiology over a 14-year period in a Spanish population. Osteoporos. Int. 17, 464-470 (2006).
74. Pentek M, Horvath C, Boncz I et al. Epidemiology of osteoporosis related fractures in Hungary from the nationwide health insurance database, 1999-2003. Osteoporos. Int. 19, 243-249 (2008).
75. Mann E, Icks A, Haastert B, Meyer G. Hip fracture incidence in the elderly in Austria: an epidemiological study covering the years 1994 to 2006. BMC Geriatr. 8, 35 (2008).
76. Boereboom FT, de Groot RR, Raymakers JA, Duursma SA. The incidence of hip fractures in The Netherlands. Neth. J. Med. 38, 51-58 (1991).
77. Goettsch WG, de Jong RB, Kramarz P, Herings RM. Developments of the incidence of osteoporosis in The Netherlands: a PHARMO study. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 16, 166-172 (2007).
78. Icks A, Haastert B, Wildner M, Becker C, Meyer G. Trend of hip fracture incidence in Germany 1995-2004: a population-based study. Osteoporos. Int. 19, 1139-1145 (2008).
79. Cooper C. The epidemiology of hip fracture in the elderly. Thesis, University of Southampton, UK (1989).
80. Spector TD, Cooper C, Lewis AF. Trends in admissions for hip fracture in England and Wales, 1968-85. BMJ 300, 1173-1174 (1990). (Pubitemid 20153712)
81. Balasegaram S, Majeed A, Fitz-Clarence H. Trends in hospital admissions for fractures of the hip and femur in England, 1989-1990 to 1997-1998. J. Public Health Med. 23, 11-17 (2002).
82. O'Neill TW, Felsenberg D, Varlow J, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Silman AJ. The prevalence of vertebral deformity in European men and women: The European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 11, 1010-1018 (1996).
83. Dhanwal D, Dennison E, Harvey N, Cooper C. Epidemiology of hip fracture: worldwide geographic variation. Indian J. Orthop. 45, 15-22 (2011).
84. Koh LK, Saw SM, Lee JJ, Leong KH, Lee J. Hip fracture incidence rates in Singapore 1991-1998. Osteoporos. Int. 12, 311-318 (2001). (Pubitemid 34912738)
85. Hagino H, Katagiri H, Okano T, Yamamoto K, Teshima R. Increasing incidence of hip fracture in Tottori Prefecture, Japan: trend from 1986 to 2001. Osteoporos. Int. 16, 1963-1968 (2005). (Pubitemid 41790914)
86. Moayyeri A, Soltani A, Lariji B, Naghavi M, Alaeddini F, Abolhassani F. Epidemiology of hip fracture in Iran: results from the Iranian Multicenter Study on accidental injuries. Osteoporos. Int. 17, 1252-1257 (2006).
87. Memon A, Pospula WM, Tantawy AY, Abdul-Ghafar S, Suresh A, Al-Rowaih A. Incidence of hip fracture in Kuwait. Int. J. Epidemiol. 27, 860-865 (1998). (Pubitemid 28504975)
88. Zebaze RM, Seeman E. Epidemiology of hip and wrist fractures in Cameroon, Africa. Osteoporos. Int. 14, 301-305 (2003). (Pubitemid 40824245)
89. El Maghraoui A, Koumba BA, Jroundi I, Achemlal L, Bezza A, Tazi MA. Epidemiology of hip fracture in 2002 in Rabat, Morocco. Osteoporos. Int. 16, 597-602 (2005). (Pubitemid 40903106)
90. Boufous S, Finch CF, Lord SR. Incidence of hip fracture in New South Wales: are our efforts having an effect? Med. J. Aust. 180, 623-626 (2004). (Pubitemid 38877945)
91. Boufous S, Finch C, Lord S, Close J. The increasing burden of pelvic fractures in older people, New South Wales, Australia. Injury 36, 1323-1329 (2005). (Pubitemid 41427212)
92. Chang KP, Center JR, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA. Incidence of hip and other osteoporotic fractures in elderly men and women: Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 19, 532-536 (2004). (Pubitemid 41071211)
93. Pasco JA, Brennan SL, Henry MJ et al. Changes in hip fracture rate on Southeastern Australia spanning the period 1994-2007. J. Bone Miner. Res. 26, 1648-1654 (2011).
94. Sanders KM, Nicholson GC, Ugoni AM, Seeman E, Pasco JA, Kotowicz MA. Fracture rates lower in rural than urban communities: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 56, 466-470 (2002). (Pubitemid 34539005)
95. Rockwood PR, Horne JG, Cryer C. Hip fractures: a future epidemic? J. Orthop. Trauma 4, 388-393 (1990).
96. Abrahamsen B, Vestergaard P. Declining incidence of hip fractures and the extent of use of anti-osteoporotic therapy in Denmark 1997-2006. Osteoporos. Int. 21, 373-380 (2010).
97. Rosengren BE, Ahlborg HG, Mellstrom D, Nilsson JA, Bjork J, Karlsson MK. Secular trends in Swedish hip fractures 1987-2002: birth cohort and period effects. Epidemiology 23, 623-630 (2012).
98. Brennan SL, Pasco JA, Urquhart DM, Oldenburg B, Wang Y, Wluka AE. Association between socioeconomic status and bone mineral density in adults: a systematic review. Osteoporos. Int. 22, 517-527 (2011).
99. Viswanathan HN, Curtis JR, Yu J et al. Direct healthcare costs of osteoporosis-related fractures in managed care patients receiving pharmacological
100. osteoporosis therapy. Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy 10, 163-173 (2012).