Mercury in tropical and subtropical coastal environments

Environmental Research

Volumn 119, Issue , 2012, Pages 88-100

  Costa, Monica F ^a   Landing, William M ^b   Kehrig, Helena A ^c   Barletta, Mário ^a   Holmes, Christopher D ^d   Barrocas, Paulo R G ^e   Evers, David C ^f   Buck, David G ^f   Claudia Vasconcellos, Ana ^e   Hacon, Sandra S ^e   Moreira, Josino C ^e   Malm, Olaf ^c  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PERNAMBUCO   (Brazil)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

^f BioDiversity Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheric transport; Bacterial methylation; Human health; Mercury land based sources; Trophic transfer; Tropical estuaries

Indexed keywords

MERCURY;

ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; COASTAL ZONE; ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT; FOOD CONSUMPTION; HEALTH RISK; HUMAN ACTIVITY; MERCURY (ELEMENT); METHYLATION; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; POLLUTION POLICY; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; RIVER BASIN; RIVER POLLUTION; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; SUBTROPICAL REGION; TROPICAL REGION;

AQUACULTURE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; AQUATIC SPECIES; ARTICLE; COASTAL WATERS; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; ESTUARY; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD WEB; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PLANKTON; PREDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RIVER BASIN; SEA FOOD; SEA POLLUTION; TROPICS;

ANIMALS; BACTERIA; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMANS; MERCURY; SEAWATER; TROPICAL CLIMATE; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 84870388659     PISSN: 00139351     EISSN: 10960953     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.07.008     Document Type: Article

References (150)

1. Achá D., Hintelmann H., Yee J. Importance of sulfate reducing bacteria in mercury methylation and demethylation in periphyton from Bolivian Amazon region. Chemosph 2011, 82:911-916.
2. Adams D.H., McMichael R.H. Mercury levels in four species of sharks from the Atlantic coast of Florida. Fish. Bull. 1999, 97:372-379.
3. Al-Majed N.B., Preston M.R. An assessment of the total and methyl mercury content of zooplankton and fish tissue collected from Kuwait territorial waters. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2000, 40:298-307.
4. Almeida M.D., Lacerda L.D., Bastos W.R., Herrmann J.C. Mercury loss from soils following conversion from forest to pasture in RondÔnia, Western Amazon, Brazil. Environ. Pollut. 2005, 137. 179e186.
5. 15N). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2007, 26(8):1572-1581.
6. Anandraj A., Perissinotto R., Nozais C., Stretch D. The recovery of microalgal production and biomass in a South African temporarily open/closed estuary, following mouth breaching. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 2008, 79:599-606.
7. Atwell L., Hobson K.A., Welch H.E. Biomagnification and bioaccumulation of mercury in an Artic marine food web: insights from stable nitrogen isotope analysis. Can. J. Aquat. Sci. 1998, 55:1114-1121.
8. Azevedo J.S., Fernandez W.S., Farias L.A., Fávaro D.T.I., Braga E.S. Use of Cathorops spixii as bioindicators of pollution of trace metals in the Santos Bay, Brazil. Ecotoxicology 2009, 18:577-586.
9. Barbosa-Cintra, S.C.T., 2010. Mercúrio total em Cathorops spixii Agassiz, 1829 (Actinopterygii-Ariidae) no estuário do rio Goiana: variações espaciais e sazonais (Total Mercury in Cathorops spixii Agassiz, 1829 (Actinopterygii-Ariidae) at Goiana Estuary: spatial and seasonal changes). Masters Dissertation Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-Brazil. In Portuguese.
10. Barbosa-Cintra S.C.T., Costa M.F., Barletta M., Dantas D.V., Kehrig H.A., Seixas T.G., Malm O. Total mercury in the fish Trichiurus lepturus from a tropical estuary in relation to length, weight, and season. Neotrop. Ichthyol. 2011, 9:183-190.
11. Barkay T., Miller S.M., Summers A.O. Bacterial mercury resistance from atoms to ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2003, 27:355-384.
12. Barletta M., Jaureguizar A.J., Baigun C., Fontoura N.F., Agostinho A.A., Almeida-Val V., Val A., Torres R.A., Jimenes L.F., Giarrizzo T., Fabré N.N., Batista V., Lasso C., Taphorn D.C., Costa M.F., Chaves P.T., Vieira J.P., Corrĉa M.F.M. Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: a continental overview with emphasis on neotropical systems. J. Fish Biol. 2010, 76:2118-2176.
13. Barletta M., Amaral C.S., Correa M.F.M., Guebert F., Dantas D.V., Lorenzi L., Saint-Paul U. Factors affecting seasonal variations in demersal fish assemblages at an ecocline in a tropical-subtropical estuary. J. Fish Biol. 2008, 73:1314-1336.
14. Barletta M., Barletta-Bergan A., Saint-Paul U., Hubold G. The role of salinity in structuring the fish assemblages in a tropical estuary. J. Fish Biol. 2005, 66:45-72.
15. Barletta M., Lucena L.R.R., Costa M.F., Cysneiros F.J.A. The interaction rainfall vs. weight as determinant of total mercury concentration in fish from a tropical estuary. Environ. Poll. 2012, 167:1-6.
16. Barrocas P.R.G., Landing W.M., Hudson R.J.M. Assessment of mercury(II) bioavailability using a bioluminescent bacterial biosensor: practical and theoretical challenges. J. Environ. Sci. 2010, 22:1137-1143.
17. Barwick, M., Maher, W., 2003. Biotransference and biomagnification of selenium, copper, cadmium, zinc, arsenic and lead in a temperate seagrass ecosystem from Lake Macquarie estuary, NSW, Australia. Mar. Environ. Res. 56, 471-502.
18. Benoit J.M., Gilmour C.C., Mason R.P. The influence of sulfide on solid-phase mercury bioavailability for methylation by pure cultures of Desulfobulbus propionicus(1pr3). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35(1):127-132.
19. Bisi T.L., Lepoind G., Azevedo A.F., Dorneles P.R., Flach L., Das K., Malm O., Lailson-Brito J. Trophic relationships and mercury biomagnification in Brazilian tropical coastal food webs. Ecol. Indic. 2012, 18:291-302.
20. Cabana G., Rasmussen J.B. Comparison of aquatic food web structure and contaminant bioaccumulation using stable nitrogen isotopes. Nature 1994, 372:255-257.
21. Canuel R., Lucotte M., de Grosbois S.B. Mercury cycling and human health concerns in remote ecosystems in the Americas. Sapiens 2009, 2:1.
22. Cardoso T.P., Mársico E.T., Medeiros R.J., Tortelly R., Sobreiro L.G. Concentração de mercúrio e análise histopatológica em músculo, rim e cérebro de peixe-espada (Trichiurus lepturus) coletados na praia de Itaipu, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Ciencia. Rural. 2009, 39(2):540-546.
23. Carvalho C.E.V., Di Beneditto A.P.M., Souza C.M.M., Ramos R.M.A., Rezende C.E. Heavy metal distribution in two cetacean species from Rio de Janeiro State, south-eastern Brazil. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K 2008, 88(6):1117-1120.
24. Catry T., Ramos J.A., Le Corre M., Kojadinovic J., Bustamante P. The role of stable isotopes and mercury concentrations to describe seabird foraging ecology in tropical environments. Mar. Biol. 2008, 155:637-647.
25. Chen C.Y., Folt C.L. High plankton densities reduce mercury biomagnification. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:115-121.
26. Chouvelon T., Warnau M., Churlaud C., Bustamante P. Hg concentrations and related risk assessment in coral reef crustaceans, molluscs and fish from New Caledonia. Environ. Pollut. 2009, 157:331-340.
27. Coelho-Souza S.A., Guimarães J.R.D., Mauro J.B.N., Miranda M.R., Azevedo S.M.F.O. Mercury methylation and bacterial activity associated to tropical phytoplankton. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 364:188-199.
28. Costa M.F., Barbosa S.C.T., Barletta M., Dantas D.V., Kehrig H.A., Seixas T.G., Malm O. Differences in mercury accumulation in Trichiurus lepturus (Cutlassfish) in relation to length, weight and season. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2009, 16:423-430.
29. Costa M.F., Liss P.S. Photoreduction of mercury in sea water and possible geochemical implications. Mar. Chem. 1999, 68:87-95.
30. Costa M.F., Liss P.S. Photoreduction and Evolution of Mercury from Seawater. Sci. Total Environ. 2000, 261:125-135.
31. Costa M.F., Paiva E., Moreira I. Total Mercury in Perna perna mussels from Guanabara Bay-ten years later. Sci. Total Environ. 2000, 261:69-73.
32. Costello M.J., Coll M., Danovaro R., Halpin P., Ojaveer H., Miloslavich P. A census of marine biodiversity knowledge, resources and future challenges. PLoS One 2010, 5(8):e12110.
33. Das K., Lepoint G., Loizeau V., Debacker V., Dauby P., Bouquegneau J.M. Tuna and dolphin associations in the North-East Atlatic: evidence of different ecological niches from stable isotope and heavy metal measurements. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2000, 40:102-109.
34. Day R.D., Keller J.M., Harms C.A., Segars A.L., Cluse W.M., Godfrey M.H., Lee M.A., Peden-Adams M., Thorvalson K., Dodd M., Norton T. Comparison of mercury burdens in chronically debilitated and healthy loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). J. Wildl. Dis. 2010, 46(1):111-117.
35. Denton G.R.W., Morrison R.J., Bearden B.G., Houk P., Starmer J.A., Wood H.R. Impact of a coastal dump in a tropical lagoon on trace metal concentrations in surrounding marine biota: a case study from Saipan, commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2009, 58:424-455.
36. Denton G.R.W., Trianni M.S., Bearden B.G., Houk P.C., Starmer J.A. Impact of a medical waste incinerator on mercury levels in lagoon fish from a small tropical island in the Western Pacific. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 2011, 74(13):823-827.
37. Di Beneditto A.P.M., Bittar V.T., Camargo P.B., Rezende C.E., Kehrig H.A. Mercury and nitrogen isotope in a marine species from a tropical coastal food web. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2012, 62:264-271.
38. Di Beneditto A.P.M., Souza C.M.M., Kehrig H.A., Rezende C.E. Use of multiple tools to assess the feeding preference of coastal dolphins. Mar. Biol. 2011, 158:2209-2217.
39. Diegues, A.C., 2008. Marine Protected Areas and Artisanal Fisheries in Brazil. SAMUDRA Monograph, International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (available at: ). Chennai, India. http://www.icsf.net.
40. Doney S.C. The growing human footprint on coastal and open-ocean Biogeochemistry. Science 2010, 328:1512-1516.
41. Evers D.C., Mason R.P., Kamman N.C., Chen C.Y., Bogomolni A.L., Taylor D.L., Hammerschmidt C.R., Jones S.H., Burgess N.M., Munney K., Parsons K.C. Integrated mercury monitoring program for temperate estuarine and marine ecosystems on the North American Atlantic coast. EcoHealth 2008, 5:426-441.
42. Evers D.C., Graham R.T., Perkings C.R., Michener R., Divoll T. Mercury concentrations in the goliath grouper of Belize: an anthropogenic stressor of concern. Endang. Species Res. 2009, 7:249-256.
43. Evers D.C., Graham.R.T., Hammerschlag N., Perkins C., Michener R., Divoll.T. Elevated mercury levels in sharks of Belize. Fish. Bull. 2008, 97:372-379.
44. Fenchel T. The microbial loop-25 years later. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 2008, 366:99-103.
45. Fisher N.S., Reinfelder J.R. The trophic transfer of metals in marine systems. Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic System 1995, 363-406. Wiley, Chichester. A. Tessier, D.R. Turner (Eds.).
46. Fisher N.S., Stupakoff I., Sañudo-Wilhelmy S., Wang W.-X., Teyssié J.-L., Fowler S.W., Crusius J. Trace metals in marine copepods: a field test of a bioaccumulation model coupled to laboratory uptake kinetics data. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2000, 194:211-218.
47. Frederick P.C., Hylton B., Heath J.A., Spalding M.G. A historical record of mercury contamination in southern Florida (USA) as inferred from avian feather tissue. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2004, 23:1474-1478.
48. Guebert-Bartholo F.M., Barletta M., Costa M.F., Lucena L.R., Silva C.P. Fishery and the use of space in a tropical semi-arid estuarine region of Northeast Brazil: subsistence and overexploitation. J. Coast. Res. 2011, 64:398-402.
49. Guebert-Bartholo F.M., Barletta M., Costa M.F., Monteiro-Filho E.L.A. Using gut contents to assess foraging patterns of juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas in the Paranaguá Estuary, Brazil. Endang. Species Res. 2011, 13:131-143.
50. Guimarães J.R.D., Mauro J.B.N., Meili M., Sundbom M., Haglund A.L., Coelho-Souza S.A., Hylander L.D. Simultaneous radioassays of bacterial production and mercury methylation in the periphyton of a tropical and a temperate wetland. J. Environ. Manag. 2006, 81:95-100.
51. Hacon S., Barrocas P.R.G., Vasconcellos A.C.S., Barcellos C., Wasserman J.C., Campos R.C., Ribeiro C., Azevedo-Carloni F.B. An overview of the mercury contamination research in the Amazon basin with emphasis on the Brazilian region. Cad. Saude Publica 2008, 24(7):1479-1492.
52. Hacon S., Barrocas P.R.G., Vasconcelos A.C.S., Barcellos C., Wasserman J.C., Campos R.C. Um Panorama dos Estudos sobre contaminação por mercúrio na AmazÔnia Legal no período de 1990 a 2005-Avanços e Lacunas (A panoramic view of the studies on mercury contamination in the Legal Amazon area between 1990 and 2005). Geochim. Brasil. 2008, 23:29-48. In Portuguese.
53. Hall B.D., Bodaly R.A., Fudge R.J.P., Rudd J.W.M., Rosenberg D.M. Food as the dominant pathway of MeHg uptake by fish. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1997, 100:13-24.
54. Hill J.J., Chumchal M.M., Drenner R.W., Pinder J.E., Drenner S.M. Use of preserved museum fish to evaluate historical and current mercury contamination in fish from two rivers in Oklahoma, USA. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2010, 161(1-4):509-516.
55. Hirota R., Fujiki M., Tajima S. Mercury contents of zooplankton collected in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. B. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish 1979, 45(11):1449-1451.
56. Hirota R., Asaka J., Tajima S., Hirano Y., Fujiki M. Mercury contents of copepods collected in three inland sea regions along the coast of western Japan. B. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish 1983, 49(8):1245-1247.
57. Holmes C.D., Jacob D.J., Corbitt E.S., Mao J., Yang X., Talbot R., Slemr F. Global atmospheric model for mercury including oxidation by bromine atom. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2010, 10:12037-12057.
58. Hueter R.E., Fong W.G., Henderson G.M., French F., Manire C.A. MeHg concentration in shark muscle by species, size and distribution of sharks in Florida coastal waters. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1995, 80:893-899.
59. Huguet L., Castelle S., Schäfer J., Blanc G., Maury-Brachet R., Reynouard C., Jorand F. Mercury methylation rates of biofilm and plankton microorganisms from a hydroelectric reservoir in French Guiana. Sci. Total Environ. 2010, 408:1338-1348.
60. Hylander L.D., Meili M. The rise and fall of mercury: converting a resource to refuse after 500 years of mining and pollution. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 34:1-36.
61. Ikemoto T., Tu N.P.C., Okuda N., Iwata A., Omori K., Tanabe S., Tuyen B.C., Takeuchi I. Biomagnification of trace elements in the aquatic food web in the mekong delta, south vietnam using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2008, 54:504-515.
62. Jardine T.D., Bunn S.E. Northern Australia, whither the mercury?. Mar. Freshwater Res. 2010, 61(4):451-463.
63. Jarman W.M., Hobson K.A., Sydeman W.J., Bacon C.E., MacLaren E.B. Influence of trophic position and feeding location on contaminant levels in the Gulf of Farallones food web revealed by stable isotope analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30:654-660.
64. Jayasena N., Frederick P.C., Larkin I.L.V. Endocrine disruption in white ibises (Eudocimus albus) caused by exposure to environmentally relevant levels of MeHg. Aquat. Toxicol. 2011, 105:321-327.
65. Kainz M., Mazumder A. Effect of algal and bacterial diet on methyl mercury concentrations in zooplankton. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:1666-1672.
66. Karagas, M.R., Choi, A., Oken, E., Horvat, M., Schoeny, R., Kamai, E., Cowell, W., Grandjean, P., Korrick, S. 2012. Evidence on the human health effects of low level MeHg exposure. Environ. Health Perspect. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104494.
67. Kehrig H.A. Mercury and plankton in tropical marine ecosystems: a review. Oecol. Aust. 2011, 15(4):868-880.
68. Kehrig H.A., Brito J.L., Malm O., Moreira I. Methyl and total Mercury in the food web of a tropical estuary, Brazil. RMZ-M&G 2004, 51:1099-1102.
69. Kehrig H.A., Costa M.F., Moreira I., Malm O. MeHg and total mercury in three different marine organisms from Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2001, 8:275-279.
70. Kehrig H.A., Costa M.F., Moreira I., Malm O. Total an MeHg in a Brazilian Estuary, Rio de Janeiro. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2002, 44:1018-1023.
71. Kehrig H.A., Costa M.F., Moreira I., Malm O. Total and MeHg in different species of molluscs from two estuaries in Rio de Janeiro State. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2006, 17:1409-1418.
72. Kehrig H.A., Fernandes K.W.G., Malm O., Seixas T.G., Di Beneditto A.P.M., Souza C.M.M. Trophic transference of mercury and selenium in northern coast of Ro de Janeiro. Quim. Nova 2009, 32(7):1822-1828.
73. Kehrig H.A., Seixas T.G., Baĉta A.P., Malm O., Moreira I. Inorganic and methyl mercury: do they transfer along a tropical coastal food web?. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2010, 60:2350-2356.
74. Kehrig H.A., Seixas T.G., Palermo E.A., Baĉta A.P., Castelo Branco C.W., Malm O., Moreira I. The relationship between mercury and selenium in plankton and fish from a tropical food web. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2009, 16:10-24.
75. Kehrig H.A., Seixas T.G., Palermo E.A., Baĉta A.P., Malm O., Moreira I. Bioconcentration and biomagnification of MeHg in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. Quim. Nova 2011, 34(3):377-384.
76. Kehrig H.A., Seixas T.G., Palermo E.A., Castelo Branco C.W., Malm O., Moreira I. Trophic transfer of MeHg and trace elements by tropical estuarine seston and plankton. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2009, 85:36-44.
77. 15N on mercury concentration in freshwater organisms. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1995, 80:1011-1015.
78. Knauer G.A., Martin J.H. Mercury in a pelagic food web. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1972, 17(6):868-876.
79. Kojadinovic J., Bustamante P., Churlaud C., Cosson R.P., Le Corre M. Mercury in seabird feathers: insight on dietary habits and evidence for exposure levels in the western Indian Ocean. Sci. Total Environ. 2007, 384:194-204.
80. Lacerda L.D., Paraquetti H.H., Marins R.V., Rezende C.E., Zalmon I.R., Gomes M.P., Farias V. Mercury content in shark species from the South-Eastern Brazilian coast. Braz. J. Biol. 2000, 60:571-576.
81. Lamborg C., Rolfhus K., Fitzgerald W., Kim G. The atmospheric cycling and air-sea exchange of mercury species in the South and equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II 1999, 46:957-977.
82. Lawson N.M., Mason R.P. Accumulation of mercury in estuarine food webs. Biogeochemistry 1998, 40:235-247.
83. Li P., Feng X.B., Qiu G.L., Shang L.H., Li Z.G. Mercury pollution in Asia: a review of the contaminated sites. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 168:591-601.
84. Linton D.M., Warner G.F. Biological indicators in the Caribbean coastal zone and their role in integrated coastal management. Ocean Coast. Manage. 2003, 46:261-276.
85. Lyle J.M. Mercury concentrations in four Carcharhinid and three hammerhead sharks from coastal waters of the Northern Territory. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 1984, 35:441-451.
86. Marchand C., Lallier-Vergès E., Baltzer F., Albéric P., Cossa D., Baillif P. Heavy metals distribution in mangrove sediments along the mobile coastline of French Guiana. Mar. Chem. 2006, 98(1):1-17.
87. Marins R.V., Paula Filho F.J., Maia S.R.R., Lacerda L.D., Marques W.S. Distribuição de mercúrio total como indicador de poluição urbana e industrial na costa brasileira. Quim. Nova 2004, 27(5):763-770.
88. Mason R.P., Choi A.L., Fitzgerald W.F., Hammerschmidt C.R., Lamborg C.R., Soerensen A.L., Sunderland E.M. Mercury biogeochemical cycling in the ocean and policy implications. Environ. Res. 2012, 119:101-117.
89. Mason R.P., Fitzgerald W.F., Morel F.M.M. The biogeochemical cycling of elemental mercury: anthropogenic influences. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58(15):3191-3198.
90. Mason R.P., Fitzgerald W.F., Vandal G.M. The sources and composition of mercury in Pacific Ocean rain. J. Atmos. Chem. 1992, 14:489-500.
91. Mason R.P., Laporte J.-M., Andres S. Factors controlling the bioaccumulation of mercury, MeHg, arsenic, selenium, and cadmium by freshwater invertebrates and fish. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2000, 38:283-297.
92. Mason R.P., Reinfelder J.R., Morel F.M.M. Uptake, toxicity, and trophic transfer of mercury in a coastal diatom. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30:1835-1845.
93. Mauro J.B.N., Guimarães J.R.D., Hintelmann H., Watras C.J., Haack E.A., Coelho-Souza S.A. Mercury methylation in macrophytes, periphyton, and water-comparative studies with stable and radio-mercury additions. Anal. Bioanal.Chem. 2002, 374:983-989.
94. Mergler D., Anderson H.A., Chan L.H.M., Mahafey K.R., Murray M., Sakamoto M., Stern A.H. Methylmercury exposure and health effects in humans: a worldwide concern. Ambio 2007, 36(1):3-11.
95. Merrit K.A., Amirbahman A. Mercury methylation dynamics in estuarine and coastal marine environments-A critical review. Earth-Sci. Rev. 2009, 96:54-66.
96. Miles C.J., Moye H.A., Phlips E.J., Sargent B. Partitioning of monoMeHg between freshwater algae and water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35:4277-4282.
97. Mol J.H., Ramlal J.S., Lietar C., Verloo M. Mercury contamination in freshwater, estuarine and marine fishes in relation to small-scale gold mining in Suriname, South America. Environ. Res. 2001, 86:183-197.
98. Moura, J.F., Emin-Lima, R., Hacon, S.S., Vega, C.M. Campos, R.C., Siciliano, S., 2012. Mercury Status of the Amazon Continental Shelf: Guiana Dolphins (Sotalia guianensis, Van Beneden 1864) as a Bioindicator. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 10.1007/s00128-012-0663-2.
99. Moura J.F., Hacon S.S., Vega C.M., Hauser-Davis R.A., Campos R.C., Siciliano S. Guiana Dolphins (Sotalia guianensis, Van Beneden 1864) as Indicators of the Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury along the Coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2011, 88:54-59.
100. Müller D., Wip D., Warneke T., Holmes C.D., Dastoor A., Notholt J. Sources of atmospheric mercury in the tropics: continuous observations at a coastal site in Suriname. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2012, 12:10223-10242.
101. Muresan B., Cossa D., Coquery M., Richard S. Mercury sources and transformations in a man-perturbed tidal estuary: the Sinnamary estuary. French Guiana. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2008, 72(22):5416-5430.
102. Muresan B., Cossa D., Richard S., Dominique Y. MonoMeHg sources in a tropical artificial reservoir. Appl. Geochem. 2008, 23:1101-1126.
103. Muto, E.Y., Soares, L.S.H., Sarkis, J.E.S., Hortellani, M.A., Petti, M.A.V., Corbisier, T.N., 2011. Biomagnificação de mercúrio na teia trófica marinha da Baixada santista (SP). V SBO Oceanografia e Políticas Públicas, Santos, SP, Brasil.
104. Newton A., Carruthers T.J.B., Icely J. The coastal syndrome and hotspots on the coast. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2012, 96:39-47.
105. Ng T.Y.T., Amiard-Triquet C., Rainbow P.S., Amiard J.C., Wang W.X. Physico-chemical form of trace metals accumulated by phytoplankton and their assimilation by filter-feeding invertebrates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2005, 299:179-191.
106. Okay O.S., Donkin P., Peters L.D., Livingstone D.R. The role of algae (Isoochrysis galbana) enrichment on the bioaccumulation of benzo[a]pyrene and its effects on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Environ. Pollut. 2000, 110:103-113.
107. Oken, E., Choi, A., Karagas, M.R., Mariën, K., McKelvey, W., Rheinberger, C., Schoeny, R., Sunderland, E.M., Korrick, S. 2012. Which fish should I eat? Challenges to developing clear, unified fish consumption advice. Environ. Health Perspect. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104500.
108. Pacyna E.G., Pacyna J.M., Steenhuisen F., Wilson S. Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40:4048-4063.
109. Pacyna E.G., Pacyna J.M., Sundseth K., Munthe J., Kindbom K., Wilson S., Steenhuisen F., Maxson P. Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44:2487-2499.
110. Páez-Osuna F., Calderón-Campuzano M.F., Soto-Jiménez M.F., Ruelas-Inzunza J. Mercury in blood and eggs of the sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea from a nesting colony in Oaxaca, Mexico. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011, 62:1320-1323.
111. Paraquetti H.H.M., Lacerda L.D., Almeida M.D., Marins R.V., Mounier S. Mercury speciation changes in waters of the Sepetiba Bay, SE Brazil during tidal events and different seasons. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2007, 18(6):1259-1269.
112. Pereira A.A., van Hattum B., de Boer J., van Bodegom P.M., Rezende C.E., Salomons W. Trace elements and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in organisms from a tropical coastal lagoon. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2010, 59:464-477.
113. Peterson B.J., Fry B. Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1987, 18:293-320.
114. Pickhardt P.C., Folt C.L., Chen C.Y., Klaue B., Blum J.D. Algal blooms reduce the uptake of toxic MeHg in freshwater food webs. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99(7):4419-4423.
115. Pinho A.P., Guimaraes J.R.D., Martins A.S., Costa P.A.S., Olavo G., Valentin J. Total mercury in muscle tissue of five shark species from Brazilian offshore waters: effects of feeding habit, sex, and length. Environ. Res. A 2002, 89:250-258.
116. Pirrone N., Cinnirella S., Feng X., Finkelman R.B., Friedli H.R., Leaner J., Mason R., Mukherjee A.B., Stracher G.B., Streets D.G., Telmer K. Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources. Atmos. Phys. Chem. 2010, 10:5951-5964.
117. Prudente M., Kim E., Tanabe S., Tatsukawa R. Metal levels in some commercial fish species from Manila Bay, the Philippines. Mar. Poll. Bull. 1997, 34(8):671-674.
118. Rainwater T.R., Wu T.H., Finger A.G., Cañas J.E., Yu L., Reynolds K.D., Coimbatore G., Barr B., Platt S.G., Cobb G.P., Anderson T.A., McMurry S.T. Metals and organochlorine pesticides in caudal scutes of crocodiles from Belize to Costa Rica. Sci. Total Environ. 2007, 373(1):146-156.
119. Robinson B.H. E-waste: an assessment of global production and environmental impacts. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 408:183-191.
120. Saei-Dehkordi S.S., Fallah A.A., Nematollahi A. Arsenic and mercury in commercially valuable fish species from the Persian Gulf: influence of season and habitat. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010, 48:2945-2950.
121. Sant'Anna N., Costa M.F., Akagi H. Total and MeHg levels of a coastal human population and of fish from the Brazilian northeast. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2001, 8(4):280-284.
122. Seidel D.J., Fu Q., Randel W.J., Reichler T.J. Widening of the tropical belt in a changing climate. Nature Geosci. 2008, 1:21-24.
123. Seixas, T.G., Moreira, I., Malm, O., Kehrig, H.A., 2012a. Mercury and Selenium in a Top-predator Fish, Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Tropical Brazilian Coast, Rio de Janeiro. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 89, 434-438.
124. Seixas T.G., Kehrig H.A., Costa M.F., Fillmann G., Malm O., Moreira I. Total mercury, organic mercury and selenium in liver and kidney of a South American coastal dolphin. Environ. Pollut. 2008, 154:98-106.
125. Seixas T.G., Kehrig H.A., Fillmann G., Di Beneditto A.P.M., Souza C.M.M., Secchi E.R., Moreira I., Malm O. Ecological and biological determinants of trace elements accumulation in liver and kidney of Pontoporia blainvillei. Sci. Total Environ. 2007, 385:208-220.
126. Seixas, T.G., Moreira, I., Malm, O., Kehrig, H.A., 2012b. Ecological and biological determinants of methylmercury accumulation in tropical coastal fish. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 10.1007/s11356-012-1036-4.
127. Seixas, T.G., Moreira, I., Malm, O., Kehrig, H.A., 2012. Bioaccumulation of Mercury and Selenium in Trichiurus lepturus. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 23 (7), 1280-1288.
128. Senn D.B., Chesney E.J., Blum J.D., Bank M.S., Maage A., Shine J.P. Stable isotope (N, C, Hg) study of MeHg sources and trophic transfer in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:1630-1637.
129. Sepúlveda M.S., Frederick P.C., Spalding M.G., Williams G.E. Mercury contamination in free-ranging great egret nestlings (Ardea albus) from Southern Florida, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1999, 18:985-992.
130. Sheu G.-R., Lin N.-H., Wang J.-L., Lee C.-T., OuYang C.-F., Wang S.-H. Temporal distribution and potential sources of atmospheric mercury measure data high-elevation background station in Taiwan. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44:2393-2400.
131. Shrestha K.P., Noguera R., Chopite J., Sosa P. Mercury content of some marine fish from the southern Caribbean Sea. Sci. Total Environ. 1988, 73:181-187.
132. Sonesten L. Fish mercury in lakes-adjusting for Hg and fish-size covariation. Environ. Pollut. 2003, 125:255-265.
133. Spadaro J.V., Rabl A. Global Health Impacts and costs due to mercury emissions. Risk Anal. 2008, 28(3):603-613.
134. Stavros H.-C.W., Bonde R.K., Fair P.A. Concentrations of trace elements in blood and skin of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2008, 56:1221-1225.
135. Stewart A.R., Saiki M.K., Kuwabara J.S., Alpers C.N., Marvin-DiPasquale M., Krabbenhoft D.P. Influence of plankton on mercury concentrations of top-predator fish of a mining-impacted reservoir. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2008, 65:2351-2366.
136. Storelli M.M., Giacominelli-Stuffler R., Marcotrigiano G. Mercury accumulation and speciation in muscle tissue of different species of sharks from Mediterranean Sea, Italy. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2002, 68:201-210.
137. Streets D., Zhang Q., Wu Y.J. Projections of global mercury emissions in 2050. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:2983-2988.
138. Telesh I.V. Plankton of the Baltic estuarine ecosystems with emphasis on Neva estuary: a review of present knowledge and research perspectives. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2004, 49:206-219.
139. Thompson B., Adelsbach T., Brown C., Hunt J., Kuwabara J., Neale J., Ohlendorf H., Schwarzbach S., Spies R., Taberski K. Biological effects of anthropogenic contaminants in the San Francisco Estuary. Environ. Res. 2007, 105:156-174.
140. Thongra-ar W., Parkpian P. Total mercury concentrations in coastal areas of Thailand: a review. Sci. Asia 2002, 28:301-312.
141. UN-United Nations, 2012. The future we want. 727 June 19th 2012. 49 pages. Available at: http://www.unep.org/.
142. Vieira L.M., Nunes V.S., Amaral M.C.A., Oliveira A.C., Hauser-Davis R.A., Campos R.C. Mercury and methyl mercury ratios in caimans (Caiman crocodilus yacare) from the Pantanal area, Brazil. J. Environ. Monitor. 2011, 13:280-287.
143. Wang W.-X., Dei R.C.H., Xu Y. Cadmium uptake and trophic transfer in coastal plankton under contrasting nitrogen regimes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 2001, 211:293-298.
144. Wang W.-X., Fisher N.S. Accumulation of trace elements in a marine copepod. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1998, 43(2):273-283.
145. Wang W.-X., Rainbow P.S. Influence of metal exposure history on trace metal uptake and accumulation by marine invertebrates. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2005, 61:145-159.
146. Watras C.J., Back R.C., Halvorsen S., Hudson R.J.M., Morrison K.A., Wentw S.P. Bioaccumulation of mercury in pelagic freshwater food webs. Sci. Total Environ. 1998, 219:183-208.
147. Whalin L., Kim E., Mason R. Factors influencing the oxidation, reduction, methylation and demethylation of mercury species in coastal waters. Mar. Chem. 2007, 107:278-294.
148. Wolfe M.F., Schwarzbach S., Sulaiman R.A. Effects of mercury on wildlife: a comprehensive review. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1998, 17:146-160.
149. Xu L.-Q., Liu X.-D., Sun L.-G., Chen Q.-Q., Yan H., Liu Y., Luo Y.-H., Huang J. A 700-year record of mercury in avian eggshells of Guangjin Island, South China Sea. Environ. Pollut. 2011, 159(4):889-896.
150. Zindge M.D., Desai B.N. Mercury in Thana creek, Bombay harbour. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 1981, 12:237-241.